胸罩(20世紀(jì)初)

　　瑪麗?菲爾普斯?雅各布在尋找一種能替代無處不在、有時很不雅觀的緊身胸衣的東西。她用手帕和緞帶制造出了一個胸罩。雅各布因這一發(fā)明在1914年被授予專利，之后她以1500美元的價格將這一專利權(quán)出售給華納兄弟緊身胸衣公司。

　　Flush Toilet (1596)

　　Various versions of flushing toilets were used as far back as the 26th century BC in the Indus Valley, where the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro had a flush toilet in almost every house, attached to a sophisticated sewage system. The true prelude to the modern flush toilet began in 1596 when Sir John Harington installed his version of a flush system for the Queen of England.

　　沖水馬桶(1596年)

　　人們早在公元前26世紀(jì)就開始使用各種形態(tài)的沖水馬桶了，當(dāng)時在印度河流域的哈拉帕市和摩亨佐-達(dá)羅，幾乎每所房子里都有一個抽水馬桶，馬桶和精密的下水道系統(tǒng)相連接?，F(xiàn)代抽水馬桶真正拉開序幕是在1596年，當(dāng)時約翰?哈靈頓爵士為英國女王安裝了一個自己設(shè)計的沖水馬桶系統(tǒng)。

　　Thermometer (16th Century)

　　The word thermometer (in its French form) first appeared in 1624 in La Récréation Mathématique by J. Leurechon, who describes one with a scale of 8 degrees. But each inventor and each thermometer was unique -- there was no standard scale. Finally in 1724 Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit produced a temperature scale which now (slightly adjusted) bears his name. Pictured is a classic Galileo model.

　　溫度計(16世紀(jì))

　　溫度計一詞最初是以法文La Récréation Mathématique的形式出現(xiàn)的，1624年J?勞伊雷肖恩首次用該詞來指代有8個刻度的溫度計。不過每個發(fā)明家和他們的溫度計都很獨特，也沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的度量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在1724年丹尼爾?蓋布瑞爾?華倫海特制出了一種溫度度標(biāo)，經(jīng)過略微改動后就是今天以他的名字命名的華氏溫度。圖中是傳統(tǒng)的伽利略溫度計的模型。

　　Radio (1895)

　　Though guys like James Clerk Maxwell, Nikola Tesla, and Thomas Edison all made important contributions to the development of radio technology, it was Guglielmo Marconi who built a wireless system capable of transmitting signals at long distances in 1895.

　　收音機(1895年)

　　盡管詹姆斯?克拉克?麥克斯韋、尼古拉?特斯拉和托馬斯?愛迪生等人都為收音機技術(shù)的研發(fā)做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)，然而是古列爾默?馬可尼在1895年造出了能夠遠(yuǎn)距離傳輸信號的無線系統(tǒng)。

　　雅思考試閱讀材料分享：專家稱時間終究會停止

　　The theory of time running out was devised by researchers from two Spanish universities trying to explain why the universe appeared to be spreading continuously and accelerating?！皶r間耗盡”理論由兩名來自西班牙大學(xué)的研究者提出，他們試圖解釋宇宙為何不斷膨脹，為何不斷加速。

　　Observations of supernovae, or exploding stars, found the movement of light indicated they were moving faster than those nearer to the centre of the universe。之前，科學(xué)家觀察超新星或恒星的爆炸之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)光的運動頻率暗示著它們比那些靠近宇宙中心的恒星運行得更快。

　　But the scientists claimed the accepted theory of an opposite force to gravity, known as dark energy, was wrong, and said the reality was that the growth of the universe was slowing。但是，這兩名科學(xué)家聲稱當(dāng)前流行的“重力相反力”理論，也就是“暗能量”理論是錯誤的。他們還說，事實上，宇宙的增長速度在減緩。

　　Professor Jose Senovilla, Marc Mars and Raul Vera from the University of the Basque Country and the University of Salamanca said the deceleration of time was so gradual, it was imperceptible to humans。畢爾巴鄂市巴斯克地區(qū)大學(xué)的瓊斯·瑟諾維拉教授和薩勒曼卡大學(xué)的勞爾·維拉教授說時間減速是一個逐步的過程，而且人類無法感知。

　　Their proposal, published in the journal Physical Review D, claimed dark energy does not exist and that time was winding down to the point when it would finally grind to a halt long after the planet ceased to exist。他們的理論發(fā)表在《物理評論(基本粒子、場論、宇宙學(xué))》上，文章說宇宙中不存在暗能量。當(dāng)?shù)厍蛳Ш螅瑫r間也會一點點變慢，最終完全停止。

　　雅思考試閱讀材料分享：250美元的土豪漢堡

　　這里新出了一款售價250美元的漢堡，土豪你知道嗎?

　　紐約一家餐廳決定推出一款售價250美元的漢堡，這個味覺炸彈包括了神戶牛肉，煙肉，鵝肝醬，白松露以及魚子醬等各種高端食材。你還可以隨意無限量地添加番茄醬和蛋黃醬。

　　推出這款漢堡的餐廳名叫Beer & Buns，將于本月底在The Court酒店開業(yè)。而這款漢堡也將努力摘獲該市最貴漢堡的稱號?！耙婚_始我們想售價999刀的，但鬼才會買呢?！?酒店高管Abigail Tan說，“后來我們還是覺得250刀最合理，應(yīng)該會有不少人想買，還可以幾個人一起分著吃”

　　其實只要兩種食材，這款漢堡嘗起來就夠棒了，這也是這款漢堡的小瑕疵。因為廚師Wisit Panpinyo太突出煙肉和鵝肝的味道使得魚子醬的味道幾乎被徹底掩蓋了。

　　而如果有客人不愿意花這么多錢買一個漢堡，該餐廳還推出了一系列泛亞洲食品比如售價12到17刀的漢堡。其實這不是款天價漢堡。Serendipity 3餐廳曾推出過一款售價295刀的漢堡，其中包含了松露，魚子醬，黃金甚至一個鉆石牙簽，但其中一部分被捐給了慈善機構(gòu)。在這款漢堡面市兩年后，666漢堡快車推出了一款名為 “Douche Burger” 的產(chǎn)品，其中包含了龍蝦，魚子醬，松露，鵝肝和金箔，并售價666刀，但這家店很快就倒閉了。

　　最早的天價漢堡源自2001年，一個名叫Daniel Boulud的廚師將鵝肝和排骨融入了漢堡的制作。目前這款漢堡仍售價32刀，但含有松露的款則要售價140刀。

　　Does the Hamburglar know about this?

　　A Midtown restaurant will sell a 0 hamburger — an umami bomb comprised of Kobe beef, foie gras, crispy pancetta, white truffles and caviar.

　　Ketchup and mayonnaise are complimentary.

　　The Indulgence Burger at Beer & Buns, which will open later this month in The Court Hotel, is the latest mound of beef hoping to land the title of “most expensive burger” in the city.

　　"We thought about charging 9 for it, but realized no one would buy that," says Abigail Tan, an executive with the hotel company. "For 0, someone may buy it and split it up."

　　There’s certainly enough flavor for two — and that’s part of the problem. Chef Wisit Panpinyo’s concoction is so rich with pancetta and foie that you don’t even taste the caviar.

　　For those who aren't willing to shell out a couple of hundred on a hamburger, the restaurant will offer several pan-Asian inspired burgers and sliders, which range from about to .

　　It's not the first time burger prices have been overcooked. Serendipity 3 offers a 5 patty with truffles, caviar, gold and even a diamond toothpick — but a portion of the price is set aside as a donation to the Bowery Mission.

　　Two years ago, the 666 Burger food truck sold a “Douche Burger” of lobster, caviar, truffles, foie gras and gold leaf for 6. But the truck is closed until May.

　　The original expensive burger was created by chef Daniel Boulud in 2001, when he combined foie gras and ground short ribs at db Bistro Moderne. The dish is still on the menu for — but the truffle version is 0.

　　雅思考試閱讀材料分享：什么是“電腦眼綜合癥”

　　Many of us spend the bulk of our day peering at computer screens. Reading this article means there's a good chance you're looking at one right now.

　　許多人每天都要花費很多時間在電腦屏幕前。比如讀這篇文章的時候你就正在看著屏幕。

　　But does looking at a computer screen damage your eyes? Brisbane optometry professor Nathan Efron does not consider computer screens "harmful" to our eyes.

　　看電腦屏幕真的會傷害我們的視力嗎?布里斯班眼科教授Nathan Efron并不這樣認(rèn)為。

　　But he admits if you use one a lot, you increase your risk of becoming slightly more short-sighted –where your eyes focus well only on close objects while more distant objects appear blurred. This is especially the case for children and young adults, whose eyes are still developing.

　　但他承認(rèn)如果你經(jīng)常使用電腦屏幕，會增加你患近視的風(fēng)險。因為你的眼睛經(jīng)常盯著近處的物體，遠(yuǎn)處的物體自然就看不清楚了。這對于兒童和年輕人尤為明顯，因為他們的眼睛還沒有發(fā)育成熟。

　　In the shorter term, prolonged viewing of a computer screen can make any slight existing vision defects more noticeable. It can also give you what is sometimes known as "computer vision syndrome" – eye strain, headaches, gritty eyes and blurry vision. But this is only temporary and can be minimised by:

　　簡而言之，一直盯著電腦屏幕可以在短期內(nèi)使視力明顯下降。有時候還會讓你出現(xiàn)“電腦眼綜合癥”：眼睛酸痛、頭疼、異物感、模糊。但這些都是暫時的，可以用以下方法緩解：

　　Adjusting the screen display so the contrast is high and the brightness feels comfortable.

　　調(diào)整你的顯示器的亮度和對比度，讓你的眼睛覺得舒服為準(zhǔn)。

　　Having lighting that does not produce glare on the screen.

　　不要讓屏幕上出現(xiàn)附近燈光的反光。

　　Giving your eyes regular rests from looking at the screen (The Optometrists Association of Australia recommends you do this for five to ten minutes every one to two hours of computer use. It's a good time to make phone calls or do other tasks.)

　　讓你的眼睛定期休息。(澳大利亞眼科協(xié)會建議每一到兩小時至少休息五到十分鐘。你可以利用這個時間打個電話或做些別的事情。)

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