高考語文復習知識點整理大全
你知道高考英語重點語法有哪些嗎?英語語法是針對英語語言進行研究后，系統(tǒng)地總結歸納出來的一系列語言規(guī)則。接下來是小編為大家整理的高考語文復習知識點整理，希望大家喜歡!
高考語文復習知識點整理一
高考英語重點語法總結：直接引語和間接引語
(一)直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語;用自己話轉述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引
語必須放在引號內，間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人
稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。
1.時態(tài)的變化：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常受轉述動詞
said,asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態(tài)，即把原來的時態(tài)向過
去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時，現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時，等等。例如：
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2.人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化：
根據(jù)意義進行相應的變化，例如：
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引語改為間接引語時，都使用陳述語序，但是因為原句的句式不同，所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同
。直接引語如果是一般疑問句，用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句，則用疑問詞引導間接引語。轉述的動詞一般用asked，
可以在其后加上一個間接賓語me,him,her,us等。如：
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語如果是祈使句，改為間接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語氣(
即請求或命令)加上ask,tell,order等動詞，如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。其句型為：ask/tell/order someone
(not)to do something.例如：
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said,“Don’t make so much noise,boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
高考語文復習知識點整理二
at last, in the end, finally
三者均有―最后、終于‖的含義。
finally常用于動詞之前，表示人們長期以來期待的某事最后實現(xiàn)了，也可指一系列事物或論點的順
序。例如：
After putting it off three times,we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.經(jīng)過三次延期之后,
我們終于在希臘度了一次假。
They talked about it for hours.Finally,they decided not to go.他們談論了幾個小時，最后決定不去。
at last 有時可與finally互換，但往往用于一番拖延或曲折之后，語氣更強烈。例如：
When at last they found him, he was almost dead.當人們最終找到他時，他已經(jīng)奄奄一息了。
James has passed his exams at last.詹姆斯終于通過了考試。
in the end指經(jīng)過許多變化、困難的捉摸不定的情況之后，某事才發(fā)生。例如：
We made five different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer camp again.我們制訂
了五種不同的度假方案，但最后我們還是選定了再來一次夏令營活動。
at (the) least 至少;最少。反義詞組為at (the)most至多;最多。
—Mr Smith looks older than his real age.In fact,he is at (the)most 40 years old. 史密斯先生很顯
老，實際上他最多40歲。
—Oh, really?I thought he was 50 years old at (the)least.噢，真的嗎?我以為他至少50歲了。
at the beginning of 在……初(開頭)，可指時間與空間。如：
at the beginning of term 在學期開始
at the beginning of the book 在那本書的開頭
at the beginning 單獨用時間at first，也可說in the beginning.
比較：at the end of 在……末(盡頭) at the end 在末尾處
in the end 最終，同at last in the middle of 在……中期
from beginning to end 從頭至尾
at the doctor’s
該結構為介詞+名詞所有格，意為―在診所‖。所有格-’s后一般接名詞，如her mother’s bike ,但有時
這個名詞可省略，主要表現(xiàn)在以下兩個方面：
?、僦敢粋€企業(yè)，機構，教堂，學校，醫(yī)院，家庭，理發(fā)店，店鋪時。如：
She is at the hairdresser’s.
?、跒榱吮苊庵貜停÷?’s后的名詞。如：
I have read some of Shaw’s plays,but none of Shakespeare’s.
at the last moment在最后關頭
at the moment 此刻;正在那時 for a moment片刻;一會兒for the moment 目前，暫時in a moment
立刻，馬上
at the top of在……的頂部，上方
at the top of a mountain在山頂
She is (at)the top of her class in French.
at the top of one’s voice高聲地，尖聲地
at war
該介賓詞組意思是―處于戰(zhàn)爭或交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)‖。在句中常作表語。如：
The U.S.A.and Iraq are at war again.
at, with, through表原因
三個介詞都可表示原因，at表示聽到或看到的原因;with表示人體外部的原因;through 強調自身的原因。如：be sad at the news聽了這個消息而悲傷;be frightened at the sight看了那個情景而害怕;jump up with joy高興地跳了起來;turn red with anger氣得臉紅;shake with cold/fear凍得/害怕得發(fā)抖;with pleasure高興地;with pride 驕傲地;with satisfaction滿意地;make the mistake through his carelessness
由于粗心而出錯;be put into prison through no fault of his own 沒有任何罪過被關進監(jiān)獄。
[應用]漢譯英
?、俾牭竭@個消息，全國人民處于悲哀之中。
?、诤⒆觽兏吲d地跳了起來。
?、塾捎诖笠馑噶诉@個錯誤。
Key:①At the news, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
?、赥he children jumped up with joy.
?、跦e made the mistake through his carelessness.
at work; out of work; after work
這三個以work為中心詞的介詞短語，在意思和用法上均不相同。
(1)at work表示―在工作、在上班‖，作表語或狀語。例如：
They are both at work today.今天他們倆都在上班。
His father had an accident at work last week.上周的父親在工作時出了事故。
(2)out of work表示―失業(yè)‖，是介詞短語，相當于lost one’s job或be unemployed。例如：
If you don’t work hard, you’ll be out of work.如果你不好好工作就會失業(yè)。
You’ll be out of work if you keep coming late.如果你老是遲到，你會失業(yè)的。
(3)after work表示―下班后‖，作時間狀語。例如：
What do you usually do after work?下班后你經(jīng)常干什么?
I visited Mr Liu after work yesterday.昨天下班后我看望過劉先生。
attempt
(1)n.嘗試;企圖。
?、貶e made an attempt to learn to ski.他嘗試著學滑雪。
?、贖e failed in attempt at climbing up the mountain.他企圖爬上這座山，卻失敗了。
(2)vt.嘗試;企圖。
①She attempted to learn Japanese.她試圖學習日語。
?、赥he prisoner attempted an escape.那犯人企圖逃走。
12.keep out of = keep sth.(sb.)out of不使入內;不牽涉進去。
?、賅arm clothing will keep the cold out.保暖的衣服可御寒。
?、贙eep out of their quarrels.不要參與他們爭吵。
高考語文復習知識點整理三
appear;seem;look
appear, seem, look都有―看起來似……‖之意，但其暗含意思和用法又各有不同。
從意義上講：
(1)appear強調外表給人的印象，有時含實質上并非如此的意思，如：
He appears to know more than he really does。他看起來好像懂得很多。(其實懂得沒有那么多)
(2)seem暗示有一定根據(jù)的判斷，這種判斷往往接近事實，如：
His health seems to be better.
他的健康狀況似乎有所好轉。
(3)look著重由視覺得出的印象，如：
He doesn’t look his age.
他看起來比實際年齡年輕(或老成)。
從用法上講：
seem和appear后可加
(to + be)+表語(adj.或n.或prep.)
+to v.
It + ~ +(that)從句如：
He seems/appears(to be)very sad today.
=It seems that he is very sad today.
It seems like years since I saw you last time.
He seems a kind doctor.(=It seems that he is a kind doctor.)
He seems/appears to have caught a cold.
=It seems/appears that he has caught a cold.
look當―看起來似乎…和as if從句。如：
He looks strong.
She looks like her mother.
It looks as if we are going to miss the train.…‖講時，可接形容詞、過去分詞、名詞、介詞短語
area; district
(1)area表示―地區(qū)、區(qū)域‖，是普通用詞，暗示一個較大的，可能是沒有清楚界限的地區(qū)，不能用
來指行政上的地理單位。如：
The old man lives in a mountain area.這位老人生活在山東。
This is a less developed area.這是個欠發(fā)達地區(qū)。
Most of the large land areas are connected.多數(shù)大塊陸地是相連的。
(2)district表示―區(qū)、地區(qū)、區(qū)域‖，指為行政管理或選舉之目的所分的區(qū)。在同一城市，各種性質
不同的區(qū)域也叫district。如：
Where is the District of Columbia?哥倫比亞特區(qū)在什么地方?
The old man used to work in the jin-Cha-Ji Military District.那位老人曾經(jīng)在晉察冀軍區(qū)工作。
The northeast part of the city is the residential district.這城市的東北部是住宅區(qū)。
Arm
take…in one’s arms
該結構意為―擁抱‖。如：
He went into classroom, taking some books in his arms.
As a child….:As/When he was a child…，小的時候，該句型中的as為連詞，意為―在……的時候‖，引導時間狀語從句。當從句與主句主語一致，且從句謂語為be時，可將從句主語及be省略。
?、貳ven as(he was)a student,Professor Smith showed great interest in maths.甚至上學的時候，史
密斯教授對數(shù)學就很感興趣。
②As(he was)a boy,he liked playing table tennis with the grown-ups.小時候，他就喜歡和大人們打乒
乓球。
as a result 作為結果，結果(發(fā)生某情況)，可置于句首，也可置于句末
She got up very early. As a result, she was able to catch the early bus.
她起得很早，因此她趕上了早班車。
He has won the game. He is in high spirits as a result.
他贏了比賽，所以他精神高昂。
He runs every day .As a result , he has lost weight .他每天跑步，結果他減肥了。
as a result of 作為……的結果，as a result of……的結果是
As a result of exercise , he has built up his health.
The flight was delayed as a result of typhoon.該次班機因臺風而延誤
result in = lead to 導致，造成……結果，如：
Hard work results in success.努力終歸成功。
(= Success results from hard work.成功來自努力)
Hard work results in success. 勤奮才會成功。
result from 由……產(chǎn)生的結果，如：
Success results from hard work. 成功來自勤奮。
His illness resulted from overwork. 他的病起因于操勞過渡。
as…as
as many as 和……一樣多/多達;as much as 和……一樣多/多達(注意：many指可數(shù)的量，much 指不可數(shù)詞的量);as high as 和……一樣高/高達;as thick as 和……一樣厚/厚達;as long as 一樣長/
長達;as deep as 一樣深/深達;as early as 一樣早/早在……時候，如：
We have as many books as they.我們的書和他們的一樣多。/The great fire burned down as many
as twenty buildings.大火燒毀的大樓多達20座。
[應用]漢譯英
?、傩聵蚺c舊橋一樣長。/這種魚可長到長達15英尺。
?、谶@座山和遠處的另一座一樣高。/這座山高達4000米。
Key:
?、賂he new bridge is as long as the old one./The kind
of fish can grow as long as 15 feet.
?、赥his mountain is as high as another one in the distance./This mountain is as high as 4,000
metres.
as…as possible:as…as one can盡可能地…….
?、買’ll come back as soon as possible.我盡可能地……
?、贕et up as early as possible tomorrow morning. 明天早晨盡量早起。
as...as...用法小結
(1)...as+形容詞(副詞)原級+as...;not as/so+形容詞(副詞)原級+as...
Their factory is as large as ours.他們的工廠和我們的一樣大。
I study as hard as you.我和你一樣用功學習。
He doesn’t get up as/ so early as his parents.他不像他父母那樣早起床。
(2)……倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞(副詞)原級+as...
Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.=Line AB is twice longer than/3 times the length of Line CD.
線段AB是線段CD長的3倍。
(3)as + 形容詞 + a/an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + as; as + 形容詞+復數(shù)名詞 + as
She is as good many records as possible.我們需要盡量多的唱片。
There is as much sugar in it as eight pieces of sugar.其中的含糖量相當于八塊方糖。
I have’t got as much money as I thought.我沒有原來想象的那么多錢。
(5)as much/ many as多達……，……那么多
On Sports Day, during the relay race, you will use most of all, perhaps as much as 650 calories an
hour.在運動會上，進行接力賽跑時，你消耗的能量最多，可能每小時多達650卡。
As many as 700 different languages are spoken in Africa.非洲有多達700種不同的語言。
He didn’t catch as many as he’d hoped.他沒有捉住預想的那么多。
(6)as...as possible; as... as one can
The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as he can. =The teacher should write the words on the blackboard as carefully as possible.老師在黑板上應盡可能仔細地把字寫好。
Please be as friendly as possible to your friends.=Please be as friendly as you can.請對你的朋友盡
可能友好。
(7)as...as + 年代數(shù)字/名詞
As early as 1950 I knew him.早在1950 年我就認識他了。
He walked as far as the post office.他步行到郵局。
(8)as/so far as I know
As/ So for as I know, he will be away from home for 3 months.就我所知，他將要離家3個月。
(9)as soon as—……就……
Please let us know as soon as you arrive in Bejing.一到北京，請通知我們一聲。
(10)as well as 和;也;還有
He gave me money as well as advice.他除了給我忠告外，還給我錢。
He studies French as well as English.他不但學習英語，而且學習法語。
(11)as/so long as 只要;如果
You may use that dictionary as long as you take care of it.只要你好好保存，你可以用那本詞典。
as a matter of fact=in fact事實上、實際上……
It seems easy,but as a matter of fact,it’ll take us a long time to work it out.
這道題貌似簡單，實際上要解出的話很費時間。
區(qū)別下列用法
1)as(so)far as 和……一樣遠，遠至(原級比較或表示距離);就……來講
2)as(so)long as 和……一樣長(原級比較);只要(引導條件
狀語從句)
3)as well as和……一樣好;既……也……(連接并列成分)
4)as good as和……一樣好;事實上(作狀語)
[應用]完成句子
?、偎麄儗嶋H上已經(jīng)答應幫助我們了。
They have ________ _______ ______ promised to help us.
?、谟推岷蟮倪@輛自行車和新的一樣。
Painted, this bike is _______ _____ ______ a new one.
?、坌±钣⒄Z說得和漢語一樣好。
Xiao Li speaks English ______ ______ _____ she speaks
Chinese.
④他和他的父母對我都很好。
He _______ ______ ______his parents is kind to me.
⑤晚飯后我們一直到走山腳下。
After supper we walked _______ ______ ______the foot of the
hill.
⑥就我所知，他將離開兩個月。
______ ______ ______I know, he’ll be away for two months.
⑦只要努力，你一定會成功。
________ _________ ________you work hard, you’ll succeed in
time.
?、噙@座新建的橋據(jù)說和舊的一樣長。
This newly – built bridge is said to be _________ ________
_________the old one.
Key:①②as good as;③④as well as
?、輆s far as ⑥As, far,as
⑦As/so,long,as ⑧as,long,as
as if可用as though替換，在此引導表語從句，另外它們也可引導狀語從句，從句既可用陳述語氣，
也可用虛擬語氣。如：
?、買t looks as if /though it’s going to rain.(陳述語氣)
②You look as if you’d seen a ghost.(虛擬語氣)
as is the case with = as with ……就和……的情況一樣
As is the case with his mother, he is fond of music.
跟母親一樣，他喜歡音樂。
As with human, animals also love their babies. 同人一樣，動物也愛它們的幼仔。
as good as
as good as 作為固定詞組意為―幾乎一樣‖，―實際上等于‖，作為同級比較結構，意為―和……一樣好‖。
如：
?、貶e is as good at English as me.
?、贛y bike is as good as yours.
…as it is
該固定詞組表達意思是―就以(現(xiàn)在)這個樣子，‖―根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的情況‖。如：He decided to buy the house
as it is.
as long as/so long as只要
(1)引導條件狀語從句
You may borrow the book as / so long as you keep it clean.
只要你不把書弄臟，你就可以借。
You will succeed so long as you work hard.
只要你努力就會成功。
As long as you study hard, you’ll make great progress.
只要你努力學習，你就會取得很大進步。
(2)和……一樣長
This rope is as long as that one.這條繩子和那條一樣長。
This bridge isn’t so/as long as that one.這座橋和那座不一樣長。
(3)長達……(表時間)
The old couple have been living in the small town as long as 50 years.
這對老夫婦已在這個小城鎮(zhèn)里住了長達50年。
as well/ as well as
as well 表示―也‖，是副詞短語，用作狀語，通常放在句末，也可放在主語之后，相當于too,但一般無標點符號與句子隔開.as well as 通常看作一個復合并列連詞,連接兩個成分相同的詞、短語或句子，表示
―既……又……，不但……而且……‖當它連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要與第一個主語保持一致。
如：
The children learn to read, write and they play games as well.孩子們學習讀書寫字，他們也做游戲。
With television,we can see a picture as well as hear sound.
利用電視,我們既能聽到聲音,又能看到圖像.
Tom,as well as his parents,likes pop music.
湯姆以及他的父母都喜歡流行音樂。
as;which引導定語從句異同
as, which 都能引導限制性或非限制性的定語從句。
(1)在引導限制性定語從句時;
?、賥hich從句修飾的先行詞是名詞(詞組)，which可與that換用，作賓語時可省去。如：
Then grow some tomatoes in one box which has plant food in the soil and some in another box
which doesn’t.
But the studios(which)he started are still busy today,producing
more and more interesting films.
?、赼s從句的先行詞是the same/such或被the same/such修飾;as可作主、賓、表語，一律不可省
略。如：
Many of the sports were the same as they are now.(as作表語)
He uses the same map as I (use).他和我用的是同一份地圖。(as作賓語)
Such as beautiful park as is being built was designed by two young engineers.正在建造的如此漂亮
的公園是由兩個年輕的工程師設計的。(as作主語)
The printed newspaper was not such as the chief editor had expected. 印好的報紙并非如主編原來
所期望的那樣。(as作賓語)
(2)在引導非限制性定語從句時，as,which都可作主、賓、表語，都不可省去。
?、賥hich從句補充說明先行詞的用途、性質、狀態(tài)、特征等。如：
At present,the biggest nature park for milu deer in China is in the Nanhaizi Milu Park,which is about
20 kilometres south of Beijing.(位置)
China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut
the costs of making the newspaper.(用途)
One of Charile Chaplin’s most famous films was―The Gold Rush‖,which was made in 1925.(時間)
Now, however,the maters of this great lake,which is also the
World’s deepest(over 1,740 metres),have been dirtied by waste
from a chemical factory.(特征)
?、趙hich從句還可表示說話人的看法，也可對主句作意義上的補充;which=and it/ this/ that/
they;which代表的是先行詞、主句或主句的一部分;which從句只能放在先行詞或主句后。如： He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and it)is not true.他說她會四門外語，這是不
可能的。(說話人看法，which代表賓語從句部分)
比較：He said she could speak 4 foreign languages, which(=and that)surprised every one of us.他
說她會四門外語，這使我們每個人都很驚訝。(補充主句，which 代表主句)
Leaves are turning yellow, which means autumn is coming. 樹葉正在變黃，這意味著秋天就要來
了。
③as也可代表先行詞、主句或主句一部分。但as有―正如‖的意義，其從句可放在主句前或后，如：
The Nanjing Changjiang River Bridge,as we all know, was compl-
eted in 1969.我們都知道南京長江大橋，它建成于一九六九年。(as代表先行詞)
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.(如)你們許多人(所做的那樣)對事實視而
不見是愚蠢的。(as代表主語部分)
As we know, the earth is round. 我們知道，地球是圓的。
ask for 要求，請求
ask sb.for sth.向(某人)請求 (要求)……
She asked for some advice on how to learn English well.
at表示速度、價格、利率
at a high/low price以高價/;低價;at 40 miles an hour 以每小時40英里的速度;at a high/low speed以高速/慢速;at an ordinary speed 以普通速度;at full/top speed以全速/高速;at a speed of 以……速
度。
[應用]完成句子
①公司決定以較低的價格將這批電視賣掉。
The company decided to sell the TV sets _ __ _ __ __ _ 。
?、诨疖囌悦啃r 150英里的速度前進。
The train was running ______ _____ ______ _______150 miles an hour .
Key:①at, a, low, price②at,a, speed,of
―at+名詞‖表示―在進行，從事‖
at work 在工作;at table在吃飯;at play 在做游戲;at sea 出海;at university/college在上學;at night school在上夜校;at dinner/table在吃飯;at peace處于和平狀態(tài);at war在交戰(zhàn)，在打仗
?、賱e人在工作，不要吵鬧。
Don’t make any noise while others are ______ ________.
②孩子們在游戲，而他們的父母正在吃飯。
The children were ______ ________ while their parents were_______ _______.
Key:①at, work
?、赼t,play,at,dinner
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