托福聽力經(jīng)典加試真題整理匯總

時間：2020-07-11 16:36:30 楚薇0由分享

托福閱讀加試分為經(jīng)典加試和非經(jīng)典加試，一般情況下考生遇到的情況都是經(jīng)典加試，即所加試的題目都是固定的幾篇。這里小編為就為大家整理了托福聽力經(jīng)典加試所有的內(nèi)容分享給大家，希望對大家托福備考有幫助。

托福聽力經(jīng)典加試鳥類遷徙Bird migration

Student having difficulties in writing term paper

原文：

conversation：term paper of bird migration

Listen to a conversation between a student and his Biology professor.

S: Dr. Russell, I was hoping to discuss my term paper with you I'm getting a little bit stuck here.

P: Of course, so...what do you have so far? What's your topic?

S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but I'm having trouble finding enough sources.

P: You're having trouble finding sources on bird migration

S: No, actually, on the particular aspect of bird migration that I want to write about.

The thing is, I wanted to write specifically on early theories of bird migration...describe some of the theories. Like how Aristotle thought that birds changed into different species during the winter. Or how other naturalists thought that bigger birds carried smaller birds to warmer spots for the wintertime. But I've only got a couple of books to work with right now.

P: Hm...I have to admit that it's an interesting topic, and you certainly seem excited by it. But remember I told you all to ask yourselves how your topic is going to help you show that you can apply what you've learned this semester. A summary or description is not really what I'm looking for as much as your analysis of a certain topic.

S: I guess it's not really what we're supposed to do, huh

P: Right. So, how about we think about some other ideas for your paper. I mean you don't need to discard the idea completely... but... take a really different focus. Um... for example...you could present what you think are some reasons-the rationale-behind some of the erroneous theories early naturalists had. But, you'll be supporting your views with current research; those are the sources you'll need to seek out.

S: Ok, I think I see what you're saying. So, like today...today we know that lots of small birds migrate at night, but maybe `cause people didn't see them-didn't see the small birds migrating-they only saw bigger birds, like geese migrating during the day. They thought that the big birds were carrying the small ones under their wings.

P: There you go! That's exactly what I mean. You're showing that you're thinking about the topic, not just telling me what you read.

S: Ok, I also have a really cool example of a migratory bird that I'd like to discuss in my paper. It's the Common Poorwill—I mean it seems that some Ornithologists believe that the Common Poorwill really does hibernate instead of migrating-that it's maybe the only bird that does.

P: If I were you, I would stick just with migration research. Remember, this is only a 15-page paper.

S: Ok, I see your point.

P: But it's great that you're finding this all so interesting. I want you to come back to see me in a week so we can take a look at the new direction in your paper and evaluate the sources you've found in the meantime.

中文大意:

Male Student：老師，我想跟你討論一下我的學(xué)期論文。我卡住了，找不到這方面足夠的數(shù)據(jù)。)

Female Professor：You can’t find enough sources on bird migration

(語調(diào)上揚。最后一題，重聽題的考點。)

Male Student：I wanted to write on theories early bird migration. 關(guān)于Aristotle對于這個題目的看法等等。

Female Professor：哦～你確實找到了一個好的題目，但是你要知道我的要求是你們的論文要反映你們這學(xué)期學(xué)了什么。不要只是做 summary or description，我想要看到你的special analysis。

Male Student：我想，總結(jié)和描述是不夠的。

Female Professor：沒錯，不如我們想想其他的方向。其實你不需要完全放棄discard之前找的數(shù)據(jù)，你可以換種想法，用rational 的方式?？梢詫懍F(xiàn)在的新研究(current research) 如何支持(support)或者駁斥以前的(historically) old theory。

Male Student：我想可以寫bird migrate at night。以前人們大多只看到大鳥，所以認(rèn)為小鳥在大鳥的翅膀下遷徙什么的，其實新發(fā)現(xiàn)是，因為小鳥在夜間遷徙，人們看不到。

(通過說這個topic來驗證自己理解了老師的意圖change the topic from ancient to recent)

Female Professor：對，這正是我說的，你要展示你對這個主題的想法，而不是你讀了哪些數(shù)據(jù)。

Male Student：I want to write about the birds that do not migrate. They hibernate during winter.

Female Professor：如果我是你，我就不會在一份15頁的論文中寫這么多。

Male Student：我知道妳的意思了。

Female Professor：希望你一周內(nèi)再來找我，看看論文的新的方向(new direction)進(jìn)行得如何。

Male Student：好的，謝謝。

題目：

問題一：Why does the student go to see the professor?

答案：(C)he cannot find enough material in writing his paper.

問題二：How does the professor help the student?

答案：(A)建議學(xué)生改變論文方向。

問題三：What information will the man probably include in his paper (choose two answers)

答案：(B)analysis(D)focus on one topic

問題四：Why does the student 提到birds migrate at night?

答案：(A)通過說這個topic來驗證自己理解了老師的意圖he understands what the teacher said.

問題五：Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.

S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but I'm having trouble finding enough sources.

P: You're having trouble finding sources on bird migration

What does the professor imply when she says this: "You're having trouble finding sources on bird migration... "

答案：(B)教授認(rèn)為找資料很容易

背景知識補充：

這篇聽力內(nèi)容，雖然是一般教授與同學(xué)討論論文內(nèi)容的長對話，不過值得注意的是，動物遷徒，包括動物、鳥類、昆蟲、甚至魚類等，生物對棲息地遷徒相關(guān)內(nèi)容，一直不斷出現(xiàn)在新托福iBT考題中，無論在聽、說、讀、寫都曾出現(xiàn)相關(guān)考題，因此備考新托福的同學(xué)，應(yīng)該對動物遷徒有一定的認(rèn)識。

相關(guān)文章：

Migration Birds Know No Boundaries (鳥類遷徙無邊界)

¨ The migration of birds is one of the most fascinating and least understood events in nature.

¨ Arctic terns are the champions of long-distance migration. They fly about 11,000 miles (17,700 kilometers) from their breeding grounds in the Arctic to their winter home in the Antarctic.

Why birds migrate (為什么鳥類遷徙)

¨ In many parts of the world, the foods that birds eat become scarce during certain seasons of the year. Most birds would starve if they had to remain in such places through the unfavorable season.

¨ Although birds migrate to survive, the factors that actually trigger their migrations are much more difficult to explain. For example, many northern species leave their summer home while the weather is still warm and the food supply plentiful.

¨ Bird migrations are probably regulated by the glandular system. The glands produce chemical substances called hormones.

¨ Changes in hormone production stimulate the birds to migrate. Among some northern species, hormone production is affected by the length of daylight. As the daylight hours shorten, hormonal changes cause the birds to prepare for their migratory flight south.

托福聽力經(jīng)典加試大王花 Rafflesia

教授一開始就介紹植物分類，提到分類中的species種， genus屬，order目。說植物的 classification 很難，一些特性比較特殊的植物特別是這個樣子。提出植物的分類不能完全依靠它 flower 的形態(tài)和特性。提到Rafflesia (大王花)，開花時會散發(fā)腐臭的味道，以吸引蠅類傳播花粉。

舉了 Indonesia 的一種植物 M為例，它的 flower 很特別，超級大(圖片顯示它的直徑有一個手臂這么長，顏色為絳紅，也許有牛人知道它是何種植物)，有難聞的味道，象什么肉，但是最后發(fā)現(xiàn)他們不是一個 order 的。生長在很惡劣的環(huán)境中，其它的植物都不能生長(題目一:它生長在什么樣的環(huán)境當(dāng)中?)這種植物有事物的來源，但是它還是會抓 insect 吃，因為它不能從土壤中得到足夠的營養(yǎng),所以要通過這種方式來獲取所需的營養(yǎng)(題目二:為什么吃蟲?)然后教授說了它怎么抓蟲的? 經(jīng)過很長時間的研究，專家發(fā)現(xiàn)它和violet(紫羅蘭)、 willow(柳樹) 等是屬于一個order的，后提到幼時的 violet，也會散發(fā)那種 smell 的。

提到共存(考題)。有提到另一種南美洲的植物和它是同一目的，但是花很小，味道也不難聞，與藍(lán)莓共生 coherent。學(xué)生提問不能測 DNA 嗎，教授說這種大花基本不進(jìn)行光合作用，沒法提取一般植物能提取到的 DNA。在 DNA 分析技術(shù)成熟之前根本無法將他們并為同類，由于他們的特征差異太大。教授還提到這種植物的交配不易，其一氣味難聞致使傳蜜的動物不易接近，其二它每年只開一次花，且花分雌雄。所以要這么多先天條件湊齊

不易，所以很少有人有機(jī)會看到開花的全過程。(考題)所以，結(jié)論，不可以貌取人。后來又講了這種花很有可能滅絕，原因是要 fly 幫忙運花粉，要同種的花在一起，要…，要這些條件同時發(fā)生，是小概率事件(Small incident)。

原文：

Listen to part of a lecture in a Botany class

We've been talking about plant classifications and how species belong to a family and families belong to an order, but sometimes, figuring out how we assign certain plant species to a particular order is challenging, even if the plant has...unusual characteristics. You'd think that plants with similar characteristics would belong to the same order, but that's not always true. A good example of this is a flower, that is—a flowering plant—that grows only in Malaysia and Indonesia, called Rafflesia.

As you can see, Rafflesia is a pretty unusual plant. For starters, it's huge. The flower can grow up to a meter in width and can weigh up to seven kilos—pretty big, huh There aren't any other specimens in the plant world that have flowers even close to this size. But that's not the only unusual characteristic of Rafflesia, in fact, that's probably one of the least strange features of the plant.

The plant also emits a terrible stench, like rotting meat. But again, there are other plants with bad smelling flowers. And in the case of Rafflesia, flies are attracted to that smell, and that's how the flowers get pollinated. So...um...Rafflesia's flowers are huge and smelly. Rafflesia is also a parasite; it gets its energy from another plant instead of from the sun, which is unusual, but not unheard of in the plant kingdom. It actually grows inside its host, which is a type of grapevine. I mean... it grows inside its host until it blooms—it doesn't bloom inside the host. But that leads me to...I want to tell you really quickly about another plant, a plant that's also from the forests of Southeast Asia, called Mitrastema.

Now, Mitrastema is also a parasite, which led some to believe that Rafflesia was related to Mitrastema—that they belong to the same order. Mitrastema as I said is a parasite, but its flowers are much smaller, and don't smell bad, so you can see why there was debate about whether they were related. But as it turns out, Mitrastema is actually related to blueberries. So, even plants that share an unusual characteristic with Rafflesia are not related to it. And, um...no plant shares all three of its unusual characteristics, and that made classifying Rafflesia very, very difficult."

Now, you're probably thinking, why don't they just analyze the DNA of the plant Well, as I said, Rafflesia is a parasite. It lacks the leaves; the green tissue that most plants need for photosynthesis. It's unable to...um...to capture the sunlight most other plants use to make food. So, it's lacking...it...it...it doesn't have the DNA—the genes—for photosynthesis, which is what we usually use to classify plant species. But some researchers in Michigan persisted, and analyzed about 90 species of seed plants and compared them to Rafflesia, and we finally had an answer. Rafflesia was part of the Malpighiales order.

Now, other species in the Malpighiales order include violets ... um ... poinsettias ... uh ... passion – flowers ...what else Willows. So it was pretty unexpected because flowers like violets are a lot smaller than Rafflesia, right And they don't smell bad—they don't smell like rotting meat...and they're not parasitic. It took almost 200 years to classify Rafflesia, to identify its relatives, and I don't think anyone would have ever guessed that it's in the order Malpighiales. I mean...you know-it'd be nice to be able to classify species based on their obvious characteristics, but, it didn't work that way with Rafflesia. And unfortunately for Rafflesia, and for the field of botany, it seems that Rafflesia may be dying out. It's certainly endangered because of deforestation in its habitat. And to make matters worse, Rafflesia doesn't reproduce very well. First of all, only 10-20% of buds turn into full-fledged flowers, and it can take them a year to grow. There are also male flowers and female flowers, and one of each has to be in the same area—the same vicinity—at the same time, to produce seeds, and the flies that are attracted to the flower's strong smell have to carry pollen from one flower to the other, so how often do you think these events occur all together Even people who study the plant for years may never witness it.

題目:

問題一：主旨題

What is the lecture mainly about

正確答案：(C) 植物的分類困難。

問題二：細(xì)節(jié)題

How does a strong odor help Rafflesia

正確答案：(D) 吸引flies過來，幫助它授粉。

問題三：細(xì)節(jié)題

Why does the professor consider the actual classification of Rafflesia unexpected

正確答案：(A) 這些植物的特征和大王花不同。

問題四：細(xì)節(jié)題

What does the professor imply about the reproduction of Rafflesia

正確答案：(B) 很少見。

問題五：重聽題

Listen to part of the lecture again and then answer the question.

It actually grows inside its host, which is a type of grapevine. I mean... it grows inside its host until it blooms-it doesn't bloom inside the host.

What does the professor say this:

"...I mean... it grows inside its host until it blooms-it doesn't bloom inside the host...."

正確答案：(B) 解釋清楚，避免學(xué)生被誤導(dǎo)。

問題六：重聽題

Listen to part of the lecture again and then answer the question.

But as it turns out, Mitrastema is actually related to blueberries. So, even plants that share an unusual characteristic with Rafflesia are not related to it. And, um... no plant shares all three of its unusual characteristics, and that made classifying Rafflesia very, very difficult.

What does the professor imply when she says this:

"But as it turns out, Mitrastema But as it turns out, Mitrastema is actually related to blueberries."

正確答案：(C) Rafflesia和Mitrastema隸屬不同目。

托福聽力經(jīng)典加試?yán)裉┠芬魳稲agtime

Ragtime 介紹了一種流行于美國十九世紀(jì)左右名為 ragtime 的音樂，能夠表現(xiàn)年青人的活力(spirit of youth)之類的，此樂流行是由于 piano 的關(guān)系，因為兩者真是太搭配了。在那個年代，在各種場合都用鋼琴。此樂當(dāng)時流行程度， (like Rock & Roll在某一時期一樣) 。這里出現(xiàn)考點，女學(xué)生說了一堆后，來了一句I just don't get it，意思是要教授 explain。

對話中還談到 piano 之所以當(dāng)時那么受歡迎，一是因為它能與音律產(chǎn)生和諧，另一是因為當(dāng)時它算一種財富地位的象征什么的 symbol of wealth and status。再加上，那個年代大家都沒錢，就去 public concert or restaurant聽音樂，而 piano 聲音夠響亮，又和 ragtime music

rhythm 搭配的天衣無縫，所以兩者相得益彰。年輕人很喜歡這個音樂，因為很有激情。除了到處演出，park 演出等不用鋼琴，因為難搬(出現(xiàn)考點because of transportation problem)。同時，此樂也是 jazz 的前身，因為演奏者不按牌理出牌，一首曲七個人彈，彈出七種調(diào)。這種regtime 音樂影響很遠(yuǎn)，例如現(xiàn)在的 jazz 就是從那發(fā)展來的。

原文：Ragtime Music

Now listen to part of a lecture in a music history class.

P: Often times we talk about the popularity of music, but we don't always think about the role that the instruments play in their popularity. To give you an idea of what I mean, just take Ragtime music for instance. Without the piano, Ragtime music certainly wouldn't have evolved in the late 1800's the way that it did. I mean...characteristics like the keys, and the chords, made the piano suitable for playing the separate parts of the music: the melodies, rhythms, harmonies, at the same time. So, with one hand you could play the melody, while playing the harmony with the other. All the while maintaining the rhythm, all characteristic of Ragtime music. In other words, the piano allowed musicians to create the lively sound of Ragtime music unlike any other instruments of their time.

And for about 20 years, Ragtime music was America's most popular music, particularly the piano rag, although some people didn't exactly embrace ragtime, young people in general especially liked it.

S: Kind of like Rock and Roll in the '50s?

P: Without a doubt. I mean of course Ragtime in 1900 didn't sound at all like Rock and Roll did in 1950, but I'd say that's a fair comparison. Ragtime generated the same kind of excitement that other kinds of music like Rock and eventually Rap did.

S: Really? Well, with Rock and Rap, I get why they are popular, but when it comes to Ragtime, well...I don't get it.

P: Ok, let’s take a moment to look at what Ragtime music was about; it was fresh and new, it was the first kind of mainstream music that used African-American rhythms and that was exciting, and finally the music and even the lyrics reflected the restless energy and optimism of young people. Can you see how it could capture the spirit of American youth? Just like Rock would do 50 years later?

So, getting back to the piano, of all instruments. As I said before, its unique design was part of the appeal, which was well suited to the style and rhythm of Ragtime music, but there were other reasons why it was so popular. Remember, this was the time before the advent of the automobile. The piano was a symbol of respectability, a symbol of success. Other than a house, it had represented, for many families, their biggest single purchase, and even though not everyone could afford it, everyone wanted to enjoy. So, wherever you would go, restaurants, theaters, the main instrument used for indoor public musical entertainment, was the piano. But let's not leave out the sound quality.

Few people realize how powerful the pianos used at that time were, they used the big types of pianos then, before the smaller pianos like Spinets came into fashion. The Ragtime-era pianos could produce a sound that was so full, it would even resonate through the wooden floors of any building, be it a home, concert hall or whatever! This full sound itself had the listeners actually feeling these unique and exciting piano vibrations though their feet and bones.

S: Wow! I never thought of that. So...they...the piano and the ragtime style were perfect for each other.

P: Well... in a sense... yes. But granted, although the piano's sound quality was exceptional, there were benefits to using other instruments to play ragtime. For instance, events like parades, and park concerts, required instruments that were easier to transport, like the banjo and the comet. Nevertheless, the piano played such a fundamental role in Ragtime. In fact, its sound quality alone contributed to piano sales peaking in 1909—roughly the mid-point of the Ragtime-era. It's no coincidence that the number of published piano rags, or sheet music, also reached their peak their very same year.

S: It's too bad that Ragtime music isn't still around, I kind of liked some of the music from that era.

P: Well, just like all music, it went through some major transitions. It began as a fixed form of music; it always had to be played as written, but that was in the beginning. Eventually, it evolved into a form of music that's still around today. Can you guess what?

S: Hm...I'd say since its rhythm is a lot like jazz, that's got to be it.

P: You got it! You could almost say that jazz is an improvised kind of Ragtime music. So you see, because of jazz, we still have the remnants of Ragtime around.

題目：

第一題： What is the main idea of the lecture?

答案：(C)how does piano contribute to the ragtime music.

第二題：Why the music is popular?

答案：(C)it expressed the spirit of the young people.

第三題：Two reasons of using piano of ragtime.

答案：(C)sound quality.(D)they reflected their wealth and social status.

第四題：Why does the professor mention about parade and park concert?

答案：(B)to explain the piano might be replaced by other instruments sometimes.

第五題：What does the professor say about jazz?

答案：(A)Jazz is improvised form of Ragtime music.

第六題：重聽題