怎樣提高英語寫作的技巧(3)
怎樣提高英語寫作的技巧
·避免重復用詞
盡量避免過多地重復使用某一個單詞,必要時應選擇使用其他恰當?shù)耐x詞或詞組來代替,以免語言過于單調(diào)。如:
【原句】I like reading while my brother likes watching TV.
【修改】I like reading while my brother enjoys watching TV.
【原句】We’ve built a new classroom building besides the old one and we’ve also built a library where the old playground used to be.
【修改】We’ve built a new classroom building besides the old one and we’ve also set up a library where the old playground used to be.
(五)句式多變換
句式多樣化絕對是高分的重要條件之一。句式有多種變法,參考如下。
·句子開頭多樣化
為了使文章更生動、活潑,除用主語開頭的句子外,還可以使用其他句子成分開頭的句子。
單個詞的修飾語開頭。例如:
Angry,his father walked away.(形容詞)
Unfortunately,he did not find his bike.(副詞)
Delighted,she met her father on her way home.(過去分詞)
用短語開頭。例如:
Behind me stood Mr. Sun,the president of our college.(介詞短語)
Relying on our own effort,we overcame all the difficulties.(分詞短語)
To tell the truth,I didn’t love her at all. (不定式短語)
用從句開頭。例如:
If you don’t mind,I’ll turn off the light. (狀語從句)
·特殊句式的使用
英語中的特殊句式有強調(diào)句、倒裝句、感嘆句等,其中在書面表達中應用得最多的是強調(diào)句。考生可以借助一些好的句子來熟記句型。
種類 句式
強調(diào)句 It is/was + 強調(diào)部分(主語、賓語、狀語,不包括謂語動詞)+ that/who + 原句其他成分
感嘆句 How + adj./adv. + S + V
What + a/an + adj. + n + S + V
倒裝句 Only + 狀語成分 + V(助動詞/ be動詞/情態(tài)動詞)+ S + V(動詞原形)
So + adj. + be + S + that從句
So + adv. + V(助動詞/情態(tài)動詞)+ S + V(動詞原形)+ that 從句
否定/半否定詞或短語 + V(助動詞/ be動詞/情態(tài)動詞)+ S + V(動詞原形)
1.我們只有這樣才能獲取足夠的能量去學得更好。
【原句】We can have enough energy to study better in this way.
【修改1】Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.(使用倒裝句)
【修改2】 It is in this way that we can have enough energy to study better.(使用強調(diào)句型)
2.收到你的來信時,我很高興。
【原句】I was happy when I received your letter.
【修改】How happy I was when I received your letter! (使用感嘆句)
·巧妙使用從句
使用各種從句,包括定語從句、狀語從句、主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句,可以提升句子的“凝聚力”。
1.這頓飯很不錯,我們都很喜歡吃。
【原句】The meal was very nice.We all enjoyed it very much.
【修改】The meal was so nice that we all enjoyed it very much.(使用so...that句型)
2.我在學校學習語文、數(shù)學、英語、物理、化學和計算機。
【原句】I study Chinese,maths,English,physics,chemistry and computer at school.
【修改】The main subjects I study at school include Chinese,maths English,physics,chemistry and computer.(使用定語從句)
3.我希望地球?qū)⒊蔀橐粋€更好的居住地。
【原句】I hope that the earth will become a better place to live in.
【修改】What I hope for is that the earth will become a better place to live in.(分別使用了主語從句和表語從句)
定語從句、名詞性從句(包括主語、賓語、表語和同位語從句)、 狀語從句是寫作中常用到的句型。雖然這三大從句沒有一個簡單的一勞永逸的模式,但通過收集記憶一些典型句型或例句,可以很好地幫助同學們理解和運用。如:
There is no doubt that....(毫無疑問的是……)
There is no denying that....(無可否認的是……)
The reason why...is that....(……的原因是……)
This/That what/where/how/when/why/because....(這/那就是……)
It is universally believed that....(普遍認為……)
·多用非謂語形式
使用不定式,-ing短語,過去分詞、介詞短語,使句子靈活、簡潔、實用。特別注意的是常用的狀語從句都可以換為非謂語動詞構(gòu)成的狀語結(jié)構(gòu)。
【原文】 We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories.Some played chess.
【修改】After a short rest,we had great fun singing and dancing,telling jokes and playing chess.使用了介詞短語,動名詞(singing and dancing)和現(xiàn)在分詞(telling jokes和playing chess)。
用非謂語動詞作狀語可分三步:第一步,找到狀語從句部分;第二步,查看主從句是否立語一致,是否需要使用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu);第三步,查看從句主謂之間的邏輯關系,主動關系使用v-ing,被動關系使用v-ed。
·長短句結(jié)合
一篇優(yōu)秀的英語作文,不會有大量的短句,也不會成篇都是復句。在復合句之間穿插使用一個短一些的簡單句或結(jié)構(gòu)往往會使文章變得活潑,顯得張弛有度。
【原文】There is a new clssroom building on one side of the old road.There used to be a playground on the other side before.But there is a library now.There are all kinds of books,newspapers and magazines in the library.
改寫過程可分以下幾個步驟:(1)第一個句子是與地點有關的 there be句型,讀起來有些平淡,根據(jù)句中含義提出一個簡單句lt is an old road放首句,old一詞起到吸引讀者的作用。接著從原句中分出一個地點狀語放句首引起倒裝的句型:On one side of the road is a new classroom building.以便豐富句子結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)原文的第二、三句都與地點on the other side(of the road)有關,因此可以把其中一句變?yōu)閠he other side 的定語從句,用逗號隔開,避免句子過長不利于理解。(3)原文的第四句換為that is where...句型,that指代前文的library,緊跟其后使語言顯得緊湊。
【修改】It is an old road. On one side of the road is a new classroom building. On the other side of the road,where a playground used to be,stands a library now. That is where you can read all kinds of books,newspapers and magazines.
如上所見,長短句結(jié)合,可以給人抑揚頓挫之感,一個短小精悍的句子,通??梢云鸬疆孆堻c睛的作用。