英語常見副詞用法詳解(7)

英語常見副詞用法詳解

　　副詞前若有how與它構(gòu)成感嘆句，則副詞必須放在主語前面：

　　How beautifully she sings!How quickly he runs!

　　下面這些副詞稱為連接副詞，通常放在主語前，可以看作一種并列連詞：besides， also， then， likewise， moreover， again，in addition，nap，what is more;only，still，all the same，however，nevertheless，and yet，howbeit，con versely，on the contrary，on the other hand;therefore， hence，so，thus，consequently，accordingly，then，in consequence，as a result;otherwise， else(可參閱 1668a))：

　　It may sound strange;however，it is true.He always wears a red shirt;hence he is so nicknamed. He is poor; besides，he has a large family.Now he cried;then he laughed.He liked gambling;as a result he became a good- for-nothing.

　　下面這些詞，特別是放在主語前面時(shí)，修飾整個(gè)句子：fortunately，luckily，unluckily(for him)，happily， tragically;clearly，indisputable;essentially，characteristically;similarly;incidently，inevitably，naturally， normally;curiously，interestingly，miraculously，ironically，surprisingly，unexpectedly;personally，honestly， frankly;geographically，militarily，politically，culturally;namely;firstly，finally，lastly;as for me，as to your proposal;by the way;for instance，for example; first of all，in the first place;to my thinking;at any rate，in any case，in short， in brief， in fine，in conclusion，in a word，in one word，in other words; in plain English，in plain words;oddly enough.

　　Interestingly，the eye is like a camera. Hands manipulate tools;more important，they create civilization.Unfortunately he dies of tuberculosis.Personally，I do not like his manner of speaking.Geographically，Laos is a small country.As for my school，English is the main subject.In a word，this is not an easy job.

　　b)用在主要?jiǎng)釉~前或助動(dòng)詞后。a)中所列連接副詞及修飾整個(gè)句子的副詞及短語可用在口語中，前后有停頓，在書面語中前后有逗號(hào)，當(dāng)這種副詞及短語較不重要時(shí)，可用于這個(gè)位置：

　　My brother，besides，knows five languages.Most people， naturally，like peace.Japan and China，historically， belong to the same group.John and Mary，likewise， can help us.This，however，will simplify matters.

　　This will，however，simplify matters.They must，accordingly，inspect the spot of the murder.Most people will，of course，see through his trick.Many passengers have，luckily，been saved.

　　可用在主要?jiǎng)釉~前或助動(dòng)詞后，特別是認(rèn)為這個(gè)主要?jiǎng)釉~比副詞(短語)更重要，或是后面跟有一個(gè)較長的修飾語或賓語時(shí)。這種副詞很多，如 bravely，quietly，凡所有以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞都可以這樣用，這種短語也很多：

　　He ardently desired it.He deeply regretted his past.

　　He slowly walked down the street with his son.He promptly answered the letter.He has anxiously inquired for his brother，who suddenly disappeared years ago.

　　The clown，with no warning，jumped from behind the sofa.John，like every other child，is fond of sweets and fruit.The woman，with tears in her eyes，left her husband.(這種短語前后都要加逗號(hào))

　　He had，by mistake，thrown it away.It may，for convenience，be left here.Any boy can，under a suit- able condition， grow into a great man. He has，in a fit of anger，killed a steadfast and trusted friend.

　　c)在多數(shù)情況下都用在謂語后面。大多數(shù)方式副詞及短語都可以或必須放在這個(gè)位置：

　　He spoke naturally(= unaffectedly). [Cf.Naturally (=Of course)he knows.]He looked in curiously.He looked at the boy smilingly.He ran away fearfully.

　　The work has been done carefully(or，has been carefully done).Please hold it tightly.

　　They revolted against the unjust measure.You can do it at your pleasure.He sold it for seven dollars.He distributed the property among his sons.He would have gone out but for rain.The engine goes by steam.We drank liquor by the gallon.Prepare for the worst.He translates the article word by word.We started for Hong Kong.We cannot refrain from tears.He was taken aback on being told about this.

　　He stood there，hat in hand(or cigar in mouth， gun on shoulder). He came home with face clouded( or with smiling face，with beating heart，with bent head).(這種短語中的名詞前不加冠詞)

　　He looked my way.He travelled third-class.(用名詞作狀語)

　　It costs ten dollars， weighs 30 kilograms.I bought it (for)five dollars，(at)five dollars a pound.(表示數(shù)量的名詞可以用作狀語)

　　His heart went thump.The door went bang.The house fell crash down.She hit him smack in the face.(可和a)類句子比較)

　　d)下面例句表明了一類方式副詞(短語)的用法及位置，這類副詞(短語)表示說話人的評(píng)語，修飾整個(gè)句子：

　　Dennis suffered，very unjustly，for a fault not his own.

　　They rose in revolt，ungratefully， against their leader.

　　He remained，wisely，single until thirty.

　　圖解：

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　　7)疑問副詞(短語)

　　1673 疑問副詞(短語)必須用在助動(dòng)詞及主語前面：

　　When do you start?How can you do it? Where does your brother study English?Why should they resign?

　　In what way did he get it?For what reason could he speak ill of me?In which paper did you read the news? Of whom are you thinking(口語中多說 Who are you thinking of)?What time did you come?

　　圖解：

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　　b.關(guān)于副詞(短語)位置的19條一般規(guī)則

　　1674 1)除了on，away，up，down這樣的地點(diǎn)副詞，沒有其他副詞(短語)可以放在及物動(dòng)詞及其賓語之間。下面例句中的副詞(短語)都放在錯(cuò)誤位置，應(yīng)當(dāng)放到賓語后面去：

　　He speaks fluently English.He likes very much my suggestion.He understands very clearly your viewpoint.He reviews again and again his lessons.

　　但如果a)賓語比副詞(短語)長得多，b)賓語被認(rèn)為比較重要，或c)賓語是一個(gè)從句，則這個(gè)副詞(短語)必須放賓語、動(dòng)詞或主語的前面：

　　a) He brought to school so many books，pictures， magazines etc.I copied from him the lecture notes concerning the structure of the atom. Please return before Sunday all the books you have borrowed from the library.He put into execution the plan he made years ago.She took to heart what I had told him.(放在賓語前，主要?jiǎng)釉~后面)

　　We have，with great difficulty，defended this village of our fathers and sons.The enemy has many times at- tacked the people inhabiting this area.(放在主要?jiǎng)釉~前面)

　　Here they study chemistry，physics，biology and mathematics.With incredible speed，he conquered all his opponents who had looked down upon him.(放在主語前面)

　　b) He received from his friends many precious gifts.He emphasized from time to time the importance of love and duty. John is reading very carefully a letter from his wife.

　　c)After a moment I said that I could do nothing for her.I asked out of curiosity with which boy she dined yesterday evening.

　　1675 2)肯定、程度及頻度副詞絕大多數(shù)放在主要?jiǎng)釉~前或助動(dòng)詞后：

　　He certainly loves his parents.

　　He will probably come tomorrow.

　　I very well know the value of his assistance.

　　He little understands what he himself says.

　　He seldom goes to the movies.

　　John has sometimes written to Mary.

　　I shall always remember what you have done for me.

　　1676 3)如果動(dòng)詞為be，則副詞(短語)通常都放在be和補(bǔ)語之間：

　　He is，no doubt，a good doctor.

　　The amount is，in all probability，the same as before.

　　He is，to some extent(or in a way)， a famous musician.

　　He is rarely sick.

　　He is always late.