介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)用法
介詞是用于名詞詞組或相當(dāng)于名詞詞組的結(jié)構(gòu)之前,表示詞語(yǔ)之間意義關(guān)系的詞類。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的一些關(guān)于介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)用法,歡迎大家閱讀!
介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)用法
一、介詞的分類
英語(yǔ)常用的介詞大致可分為四類:
1.簡(jiǎn)單介詞
顧名思義,簡(jiǎn)單介詞是指由一個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成的介詞,也是使用最頻繁的一類介詞。簡(jiǎn)單介詞也可能由形容詞、副詞、分詞、名詞、連詞等轉(zhuǎn)變而來(lái)。常用的簡(jiǎn)單介詞有:
at,about,above,across,after,among, against,before,behind,below,beside,between,beyond,but,despite,during,except,for,in,of,on,over,near,past, round,since,through,till,until,with,up等。
2.合成介詞
指由介詞+其它介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的介詞。常用的合成介詞有:
inside,into,onto, outside,throughout,towards,within,without等。
3.二重介詞
指由兩個(gè)單一的介詞并列在一起,作為一個(gè)介詞使用并表達(dá)一個(gè)完整意思的介詞。常見(jiàn)的二重介詞有:
from among,from behind,from under,until /till after等。
4.短語(yǔ)介詞
指由介詞+介詞、介詞+名詞、介詞+分詞、介詞+動(dòng)詞、介詞+形容詞、介詞+副詞等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ).常用的有:
according to, along with,in front of,by means of,in spite of,together with,with regard to等。短語(yǔ)介詞與介詞短語(yǔ)不同。介詞短語(yǔ)是由介詞加賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成,本身可作句子成分,如定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等,可單獨(dú)使用;而短語(yǔ)介詞是用作介詞的短語(yǔ),不可獨(dú)立使用,本身不能作句子成分,后面要跟名詞、動(dòng)名詞或代詞等。
二、介詞的用法及應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題
1.介詞的搭配與介詞的選擇
介詞不能在句子中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,而需要與其后面的賓語(yǔ)相結(jié)合,成為介詞短語(yǔ),在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。所以選用什么介詞要根據(jù)其后面所接的賓語(yǔ)而定。但是,有時(shí)介詞也受其前面用詞的限制,因此,許多情況下也應(yīng)根據(jù)介詞前面的詞選用相應(yīng)的介詞。
2.介詞的賓語(yǔ)
介詞的賓語(yǔ)可以是名詞、代詞或其他詞類或句子等。例如:
名詞:The car ran into a wall,and two men were killed.
代詞:Wherever he went,he carried the photo with him.
形容詞:Your plan is far from perfect.
副詞:I can't see the tower clearly from here.She came from afar.
動(dòng)名詞:He entered the room without taking off his hat.
不定式:He did nothing but cry.
介詞短語(yǔ):She often studies till after midnight.
數(shù)詞:In nine out often he won't come.
疑問(wèn)詞+不定式:The problem of how to get enough money is difficult to settle.
疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)從句:He does not care about who will be promoted.
that引導(dǎo)的從句:Man differs from other animals in that man can laugh and speak.
3.介詞的語(yǔ)法功能
介詞與其他詞類或成分結(jié)合后方能在句子中充當(dāng)語(yǔ)法成分,構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可以作定語(yǔ)(須后置)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、另一個(gè)介詞的賓語(yǔ),間或作主語(yǔ)等。
例如:
The skyscraper in the distance isa five-star hotel.(定語(yǔ))
Her eyes were tired from long reading.(狀語(yǔ))
The decision is of great importance to me.(表語(yǔ))
They found the machine in a bad state.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介詞賓語(yǔ))
On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主語(yǔ))
三、介詞的固定搭配
在英語(yǔ)中固定搭配的介詞詞組和短語(yǔ)介詞很多,平時(shí)需要加強(qiáng)記憶。此處講解幾個(gè)常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞與介詞的固定搭配,并且就較容易混淆的介詞搭配進(jìn)行比較、分辨。
1.act as 擔(dān)任 act for 代理
2.apply to 應(yīng)用于,適合于,向……申請(qǐng) apply for 申請(qǐng),要求
3.belong to 屬于 belong in住在,應(yīng)該…… belong with 應(yīng)歸于(類別,范疇等)
4.call on 號(hào)召,請(qǐng)求,拜訪 call at 探訪(at后接地方) call in 請(qǐng)醫(yī)生,召集,收集 call to 高聲喚(某人)
5.compare with 跟……相比較 compare to 把……比作,與……相比
6.correspond with 與……通信;適合 correspond to 相當(dāng)于
7.deal in 做生意,經(jīng)營(yíng)(=engage in) deal with 對(duì)付,論及,與……交往(=cope with)
8.play with 玩(某物) play at玩(某種游戲) play on 玩(某種樂(lè)器)
9.suffer from 患(病),受……禍患.
10.wait on 伺候 wait for等待