小學(xué)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全
小學(xué)階段必備的英語語法、時(shí)態(tài)、句型、常用詞怎么記?怎么學(xué)?下面是小編為大家整理的關(guān)于小學(xué)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全,希望對(duì)您有所幫助。歡迎大家閱讀參考學(xué)習(xí)!
小學(xué)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全
1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示正在發(fā)生的事情或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與now,listen,look等詞連用,結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are)+動(dòng)詞ing.如:It is raining now.
外面正在下雨It is six o’clock now.現(xiàn)在6點(diǎn)了My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.我父母正在客廳看報(bào)紙Look! The children are having a running race now.看!孩子們正在賽跑
問句將be動(dòng)詞移前,否定句在be動(dòng)詞后+not.
2一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作,常與often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…)
結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+動(dòng)詞原形;當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞后加s或es.如:We have an English lesson every day.
我們每天都要上英語課Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.男孩比女孩跑的快嗎?是的
問句借助于do, does否定句借助于don’t, doesn’t,后面動(dòng)詞一定要還原。
3一般過去時(shí)
表示發(fā)生在過去的事情或存在的狀態(tài),常與just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等詞連用。
結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be動(dòng)詞的過去式(was; were)或主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式。
注意:be動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞過去式不可同時(shí)使用。如:My earphones were just there .我的耳機(jī)剛剛還在呢。Where were you last week? I was at a camp.你上個(gè)星期去哪了?我去野營(yíng)了What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm你昨天去干嘛了?我去參觀農(nóng)場(chǎng)了。
問句有be動(dòng)詞將be動(dòng)詞移前,沒有be動(dòng)詞借助于did,后面動(dòng)詞還原;否定句有be動(dòng)詞在后面加not,沒有借助于didn't后面動(dòng)詞還原。
4一般將來時(shí)
表示將要打算發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作,常與tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等詞連用。結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be(am, is, are) going to + 動(dòng)原或主語+will +動(dòng)原。如:What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.孩子們下個(gè)星期將參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.Tom今晚將和父母去看演出。
問句將be動(dòng)詞或will移前;否定句在be動(dòng)詞或will后加not.
5情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
can; can’t; should; shouldn’t; must; may后一定加動(dòng)詞原形。如:The girl can’t swim, but she can skate.女孩不會(huì)游泳,但是會(huì)滑冰Don’t talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.不要再課上說話,你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽老師講。
6祈使句
肯定祈使句以動(dòng)詞原形開頭;否定祈使句以don’t加動(dòng)詞原形開頭。如:Open the box for me ,please.請(qǐng)為我打開盒子。Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.劉濤,明天請(qǐng)?jiān)琰c(diǎn)起床!Don’t walk>不要在草地上走!Helen! Don’t climb the tree,please.海倫!不要爬樹。
7go的用法
去干嘛用go +動(dòng)詞ing如: go swimming; go fishing;go skating;go camping;go running;go skiing;go rowing…
8比較
than 前用比較級(jí);as…as之間用原級(jí)。如:My mother is two years younger than my father.我媽比我爸年輕兩歲。Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.劉濤跳得和本一樣遠(yuǎn)。
9喜歡做某事
用like +動(dòng)詞ing或like+ to + 動(dòng)原。如:Su Yang likes growing flowers.蘇陽喜歡種花。The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.孩子們喜歡在春節(jié)去玩花燈。
10想要做某事
用 would like +to+動(dòng)原或want + to +動(dòng)原。例:I’d like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum
11some
用于肯定句中,在否定句和問句中改為any,但當(dāng)表示委婉語氣時(shí)仍用。如:Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?
12代詞
人稱代詞主格做主語用一般放在句首或動(dòng)詞前,主格分別是 I you he she it we you they。
賓格做賓語用,一般放在動(dòng)詞或介詞如:Open them for me. Let us …, join me等。
賓格分別是me you him her it us you them形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前,不能單獨(dú)使用,分別是my your his her its our your their名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形物加名詞,它只能單獨(dú)使用后面不好加名詞,分別是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。
13介詞
介詞后要么不加動(dòng)詞,加動(dòng)詞只能加動(dòng)詞ing形式如:be good at running;do well in jumping;
14時(shí)間介詞
季節(jié)前,月份前用介詞in如:in summer;in March;
具體的哪一天如星期幾,幾月幾日用介詞on如:on Saturday;
在幾點(diǎn)鐘前用介詞at如:at a quarter to four;
只在上下午晚上用in如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;
但在夜間用at night。另:季節(jié),月份和星期前不好加the.
15名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的方法
有規(guī)則的有:(1)直接在名詞后加s如orange—oranges; photo—photos;
(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的加es如:box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches
(3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es如:study—studies;library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;
(4)以f, fe結(jié)尾的改f, fe 為v+es如:knife—knives; thief—thieves(注:以o結(jié)尾的我們學(xué)過的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,)
不規(guī)則的有:man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children
16動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成
(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加s
如:run—runs; dance—dances
(2)以s,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾的加es如:do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches
(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es如:study—studies; carry—carries;
17現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成
(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加ing
如:sing—singing; ski—skiing;
(2)雙寫詞尾加ing如:swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;
(3)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的去e加ing如:ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;
18規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成
(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加ed
如:clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;
(2)以e結(jié)尾的直接加d
如:dance—danced; taste—tasted;
(3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加ed如:study—studied;carry—carried;
(4)雙寫詞尾加ed如:stop—stopped; jog—jogged;
不規(guī)則的有:am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;
19形容詞副詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成
規(guī)則的:
(1)直接在形容詞或副詞后加er如;small—smaller; low—lower;
(2)以e結(jié)尾的加r
如:late—larer;
(3)雙寫詞尾加er如:big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;
(4) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加er如:heavy—heavier; early—earlier;
不規(guī)則的有:
good, well—better(最高級(jí)為best); many, much--- more(最高級(jí)為most); far---farther;
20rain與snow的用法
(1)作為名詞意思是雨水和雪是不可數(shù)名詞如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那兒的春天有很多雨水。
(2) 作為動(dòng)詞意思是下雨和下雪,有四種形式分別是:動(dòng)詞原形rain, snow;第三人稱單數(shù)rains ,snows;現(xiàn)在分詞raining;snowing過去式rained;snowed;如:①Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正在下雨。②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天經(jīng)常下雨。③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。
(3)形容詞為rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的如:It is often rainy here in spring.這兒的春天經(jīng)常是有雨的。If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我將呆在家里。
21比較級(jí)
注意只有同類事物才可進(jìn)行比較。如:My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancy’s. My brother is stronger than me.
22have, has
表示某人有(has用于第三人稱單數(shù));There is/ are;
There was/ were 表示某地存在有注意There be 句型的就近原則單數(shù)或不可數(shù)用there is /was;復(fù)數(shù)用there are/ were.
23本身就是復(fù)數(shù)的詞
眼鏡glasses; 耳機(jī)earphones; 鞋shoes;褲子trousers等詞本身是復(fù)數(shù)。
如:My glasses were>
但如果表示這雙,這副,一雙的時(shí)候用單數(shù)如:There is a pair of chopsticks
24五個(gè)元音字母分別是Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;
25一個(gè)的用法
a用于輔音前不是輔音字母前;an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。如:There is an ’s’, a ‘t’, a ‘u’, a ‘d’ ,an ‘e’, an ‘n’,and a ‘t’ in the word ‘student’.
26時(shí)間表示法
有兩種:(1)直接讀時(shí)鐘和分鐘。如6:10讀成 six ten; 7:30讀成seven thirty; 8:45讀成eight forty-five;
(2)用to與past表示。在半小時(shí)包括半小時(shí)以內(nèi)用幾分past幾點(diǎn)如:6:10讀成ten past six; 7:30讀成half past seven;過了半小時(shí)用下一個(gè)鐘點(diǎn)差幾分如7:45讀成a quarter to eight; 9:50讀成ten to ten;
27基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的方法
基變序有規(guī)律,結(jié)尾加上th; 一二三特殊例,結(jié)尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);
八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替(即eigh—eighth; nine—ninth; five-- fifth ;twelve—twelfth);
ty改y為ie后加th別忘記(即整十?dāng)?shù)如twenty—twentieth;forty—fortieth);
幾十幾十位為基個(gè)位為序(如第二十一為twenty-first)。
另外強(qiáng)調(diào)序數(shù)詞前一定要加the。
28日期的表示法
用the+序數(shù)詞+ of +月
如:三月三日 the third of March;12月25日 the 25th of December.
29both, all
both表示兩者都
如:My parents are both teachers.
all表示三者以上都
如:The students are all very excited.
30節(jié)日的表示法
有day的節(jié)日前用on.
沒有day的節(jié)日前用at,如:at Christmas;>
31激動(dòng)興奮的
excited表示激動(dòng)的,興奮地主語是人;
exciting表示令人激動(dòng)的,令人興奮的主語是事情如:The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.賽跑非常令人激動(dòng),因此所有的學(xué)生都很激動(dòng)。
32比較
兩者比較用比較級(jí),三者以上比較用最高級(jí)如:Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does誰跑得更快,男孩還是女孩?男孩。Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.你最喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié)?我最喜歡秋天。Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.你更喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié),夏天還是冬天?我更喜歡冬天。
33動(dòng)詞還原的用法
前面用了do, does did, don’t, doesn’t didn’t后面動(dòng)詞要還原。如:Did she watch TV last night?Helen doesn’t like taking photos.
34到了
到達(dá)用get to
但注意到家,到這兒,到那兒不可以加to如:get home; get here; get there,另外go home; come here; go there也一樣。
35長(zhǎng)著和穿著
長(zhǎng)著什么用with
如:the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;穿著什么用in如:the man in black穿黑衣服的男人或:the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的婦女
36讓某人做某事
用let sb后加動(dòng)詞原形
如:Let’s water the flowers together.
是該做…的時(shí)候了用It’s time for+名詞或It’s time to +動(dòng)原。幫助某人做某事是help sb with sth如:幫我學(xué)英語是 help me with my English
37樹上
外來的東西在樹上用in the tree
如:the bird in the tree;
樹上長(zhǎng)的用on the tree如:the apples align="-webkit-center">
38運(yùn)動(dòng)和樂器
球類之前不加the;
樂器之前必須加the如:play the piano; play football
39get后加比較級(jí)表示變得更怎么樣
如:get stronger; get longer
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