主謂一致英語基礎(chǔ)語法
主謂一致即謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語保持一致，主謂一致包括語法一致、意義一致和就近一致，語法一致即謂語動詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上要和主語保持一致，意義一致就是謂語動詞要和主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致，就近一致就是謂語動詞要和靠近它的主語部分保持一致。以下是小編為大家編輯的主謂一致英語基礎(chǔ)語法，歡迎大家閱讀！
1 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)
Reading and writing are very important.
注意： 當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
典型例題
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注： 先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，先排除A.，C.。本題易誤選D，因?yàn)門he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人，但仔細(xì)辨別， monitor 前沒有the，在英語中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個(gè)人，所以應(yīng)選B。
2 主謂一致中的靠近原則
1)當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2)當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor， 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
3 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致
當(dāng)主語后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時(shí)，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
He as well as I wants to go boating.
4 謂語需用單數(shù)
1) 代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語，或主語中含有each, every, 謂語需用單數(shù)。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
There is something wrong with my watch.
2) 當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時(shí)，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
<<天方夜譚>>是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。
3) 表示金錢，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語 時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。(用復(fù)數(shù)也可，意思不變。)
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten yuan is enough.
5 指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)
1) 在代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。
All is right. (一切順利。)
All are present. (所有人都到齊了。)
2) 集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，意為這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)表示該個(gè)集體。
His family isn't very large. 他家不是一個(gè)大家庭。
His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音樂愛好者。
但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Are there any police around?
3)有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù)，有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。
A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。
The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞。
A number of books have lent out.
6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致
1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等詞引起主語時(shí)，動詞通常與of后面的名詞，代詞保持一致。
Most of his money is spent on books.
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2) 在一些短語，如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語時(shí)，動詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。
Many a person has read the novel. 許多人都讀過這本書。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來自這個(gè)城市。
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