主謂一致語法講解及練習(xí)題
下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家?guī)碇髦^一致語法講解及練習(xí)題，歡迎大家學(xué)習(xí)
一.概念:
主謂一致是指：
1) 語法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。
2) 意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。
3) 就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，
一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
There is much water in the thermos.
但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
二.相關(guān)知識點精講
1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：
Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。
注意：當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。例如：
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對我們的生活有重要意義。
典型例題
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注： 先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時，先排除A.，C。本題易誤選D，因為The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人，但仔細辨別，monitor 前沒有the，在英語中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人，所以應(yīng)選B。
2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則
1)當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如：
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個男孩，二十三個女孩。
2)當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor，連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如：
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。
3.謂語動詞與前面的主語一致
當(dāng)主語有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如：
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。
4. 謂語需用單數(shù)的情況
1)代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時，或主語中含有each, every時, 謂語需用單數(shù)。例如：
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。
2)當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如：
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。
3)表示金錢，時間，價格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。例如：
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個星期來做準(zhǔn)備。
Ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。
5.指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)
1)代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如：
All is right. 一切順利。
All are present. 人都到齊了。
2)集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時強調(diào)這個集體中的各個成員，用單數(shù)時強調(diào)該集體的整體。例如：
His family isn't very large. 他家成員不多。
His family are music lovers. 他家個個都是音樂愛好者。
但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：
Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎?
3)有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數(shù)，有時看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：
A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。
The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
6.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況
1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語時，謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如：
Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上了。
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運動。
2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。例如： A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報道了一連串的事故。
A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。
3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語時，動詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如：
Many a person has read the novel. 許多人讀過這本書。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生來自這個城市。
三.練習(xí)題及答案：
1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
2. The rich ____ not always happy.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.
A.are B.am C.is D.was
4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.
A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study
5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters.,
A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is
7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.
A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like
8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.
A.was B.is C. would be D.are
9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.
A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been
11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.
A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished
12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.
A.is B.was C.are D.is being
13. The great writer and professor____.
A. is an old man B. are both old men
C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese
14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.
A. are B. was C. is D. be
16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.
A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed
17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.
A. has been B.have been C.was D.is
19. A chemical works____ built there.
A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been
20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.
A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five
答案：
1~5 AAACA 6~10 CBDAD 11~15 ACABA 16~20 AABDB