高一英語重點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(2)
高一英語時(shí)態(tài)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：過去完成時(shí)
1. 表示在過去某一時(shí)刻以前已經(jīng)開始并一直延續(xù)到這一時(shí)刻、或是在此刻前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
[例句] By the end of last term, we had learned 1,000 English words.
2. 有些動(dòng)詞 (如： hope, think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want等) 的過去完成時(shí)可表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。
[例句] I had hoped to see more of Beijing.
◆動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)
1. 瞬間性動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來表示將來的動(dòng)作。例句：
?、賂he film begins in a minute.
?、贛y uncle is leaving tomorrow morning.
2. 在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。例句：
?、貳very time I listen to that song, I’ll think of my old friend.
?、贗f you do that, I shall be very pleased.
③They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
3. 一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都表示過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響、結(jié)果等，所以它不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用;一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,因而它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：
—Have you finished your work?
—Yes, I have.
—When did you finish it?
—I finished it last summer.
◆直接引語與間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：
1. 人稱的變化
2. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化
3. 時(shí)間狀語的變化
4. 地點(diǎn)狀語的變化
例句：
?、賆iao Yi said, “I want to go to the park this afternoon.”
→Xiao Yi said (that) he wanted to go to the park that afternoon.
?、贐ob said, “We’ll have a meeting here tomorrow morning.”
→Bob said (that) they would have a meeting there the next morning.
◆定語從句中關(guān)系代詞只能用that和不能用that的幾種情況：
只能用that的情況
1. 先行詞是不定代詞。
例句：Please tell me everything that happened to you.
2. 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或only, last, same, very等修飾。
例句： ①This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.
②This is the only book that I read during the summer holiday.
3. 先行詞既包括人又包括物。例句：She talked about the writer and his works that interested her.
不能用that的情況
1. 非限制性定語從句中。
例句：He said he could speak three foreign languages, which is not true.
2. 先行詞本身是that。
例句：I have that which you gave me.
3. “介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例句：The person to whom I talked just now is Tom.
◆現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)進(jìn)行的比較：
1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束時(shí), 多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí);強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí), 多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例句：
?、買 have been painting the paining. (強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直在畫”這個(gè)動(dòng)作)
②I have painted the painting. (強(qiáng)調(diào)“畫完了”這個(gè)結(jié)果)
2. 有些動(dòng)詞不能用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)中，但可用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中。如：have, love, see等。例句：
?、賁he has had a cold for a week.
?、赥hey have loved each other for three years.
?、跧 have seen this movie.
-ing形式：
1. having done
having done是非謂語動(dòng)詞中-ing形式的完成式,而doing則是其一般式,它們都與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,只是doing與句中謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生;having done則表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在句中謂語動(dòng)詞之前。
[例句]
?、貶earing the news, they got excited. (hear 和get excited這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生)
②Having arrived at the top of mountain, they took a rest. (arrive 發(fā)生在take a rest之前)
2. 動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和不定式有些動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式也可接to do形式作賓語，但意義有所不同。
[例如]
① forget / remember / regret doing sth. 表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生;
forget / remember / regret to do sth. 則表示該動(dòng)作未發(fā)生。
?、?mean to do sth. 表示“打算做某事”;
mean doing sth. 表示“意味著做某事”。
?、?try to do sth. 表示“設(shè)法盡力做某事”;
try doing sth. 表示“試著做某事”。
?、?stop to do sth. 表示“停下來接著做另一件事”;
stop doing sth. 表示“停止做某事”。
?、?go on to do sth. 表示“(做完某事)接著做另一件事”;
go on doing sth. 表示“繼續(xù)做同一件事”(= go on with sth.)。
⑥ can’t help to do sth. 表示“不能幫助做某事”;
can’t help doing sth. 表示“情不自禁地做某事”。
3. have/has been doing
have / has been doing是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)過程，動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行。而have / has done是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，該動(dòng)作通常已經(jīng)結(jié)束。
[例句]
?、買 have written a book. (動(dòng)作結(jié)束)
②I have been writing a book. (可能未寫完，側(cè)重最近一直忙于寫書)
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高一英語重點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(2)
