英語定語從句的用法

英語定語從句的用法

　　在英語中有很多種句式，今天讓大家一起了解英語中定語從句的用法、接下來小編在這里給大家?guī)碛⒄Z定語從句的用法，我們一起來看看吧!

　　英語定語從句的用法

　　定語從句由關系代詞who、whom、whose、which、what、as和關系副詞where、when、why等引導，但須記?。?/p>

　　1.what不能引導定語從句.

　　2.關系詞的分析須考慮它在定語從句中的成分。

　　一.指人的關系代詞有who、whose、whom、that. 試分析：

　　The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

　　Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .

　　The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster.(=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.)注：

　　A. 指人時有時只用who不宜用that。

　　1.先行詞為one、ones或anyone

　　(1)The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.

　　(2)Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

　　2.先行詞為these時

　　These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.3.在there be 開頭的句子中

　　There is a student who wants to see you.

　　4.一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that，另一個宜用who，以免重復。

　　The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.5.在非限制性定語從句中

　　A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.

　　B.主句以who開頭的句子中,只用that,不用who。

　　二.指物的關系代詞有which、whose(=of which)、that. 試分析：

　　1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.

　　2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.

　　3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the

　　house which /that we lived in last year.)

　　4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)

　　注：

　　A. 介詞如果位于作為其賓語的關系代詞之前時，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.

　　(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.

　　(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.

　　B. 部分短語動詞中的介詞不可與動詞拆開，在定語從句中其介詞不可前置，只能放在其動詞之后。

　　Is this the book which she is looking for?

　　The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.

　　The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.

　　C. 指物時，下列情況下只能用that ，不宜用which。

　　(1)先行詞為不定代詞，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。

　　We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.

　　I have told them all (that) I know.

　　All that can be done has been done.

　　(2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、修飾時。

　　The first book that I read last night was an English novel.

　　(3)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被最高級修飾時。

　　This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.

　　This is the best that can be done now.

　　(4)如果有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(先行詞既有人又有物)，定語從句的關系代詞用which和who都不合適，只能用that。

　　We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.

　　There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.

　　(5)如果先行詞被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修飾時。

　　This is the only book that can be lent to you.

　　(6)當主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時，關系代詞只用that。

　　Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?

　　D.只物時，下列情況下只能用which，不宜用that。

　　(1)關系代詞放在介詞之后

　　This is the factory in which we once worked.

　　(2)非限制性定語從句中

　　This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.

　　(3)that，Those作主語時

　　Those which are on the desk are English books.

　　E.先行詞前有such、the same、 as時, 關系代詞用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同樣的, the same…that…表示同一的

　　He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.

　　Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.

　　三.比較When/which、where /which、why.

　　which I still never forget.

　　This is the day when I joined the party.

　　which he spent reading the books.

　　where I found the book.

　　which makes machines.

　　This is the place which we once visited.

　　which I will never forget.

　　which I am looking for.

　　限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：

　　限制性定語從句

　　非限制性定語從句

　　All the students who study hard have passed.學習努力的學生都考試及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的沒及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的學生都及格了，他們學習努力。(沒有人不及格，這些學生都很努力。)

　　從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語(如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正確。) 從句是對先行詞的附加說明(如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影響。) 與主句關系密切，不用逗號 與主句關系不十分密切，用逗號與主句隔開譯為漢語時，從句譯在先行詞前，與先行詞用“的”連接 譯為漢語時，從句放在主句后面關系代詞that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 關系代詞不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 關系代詞代替賓語時可以省略 關系代詞不能省略關系代詞as和which

　　先研究下面兩個例句：

　　○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出來，這頭象像條蛇。

　　○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考試不及格，這使得他父親很生氣。

　　這兩個例句中，as和which所代表的都是整個主句所表示的內(nèi)容。但有兩點不同之處：

　　1. 在形式上as引導的非限制性定語從句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面;而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。

　　2. 在意義上，as引導的定語從句和主句的關系一般為一致關系，常譯為“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引導的定語從句和主句的關系是因果關系，或which引導的定語從句是對主句的評論。因此，在意思通順的情況下，which可代替as，而as許多時候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：

　　1.He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我們所料，他又遲到了。/他又遲到了這是我們早就料到的。

　　2. The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期沒有打掃了，因此整條街很臟。(不用as)

　　3.The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年輕人詐騙了他朋友許多錢財，這是不光彩的。(不 用as)

　　4.He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天運動，這對他的身體很有好處。(不用as)

　　5.As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已經(jīng)指出的那樣，英語對于初學者說，是相當難學的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等結(jié)構(gòu)中,as不能用which代替。如：

　　1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 這樣的書對于初學的人來說是太難了。

　　=Books such as this are …

　　=Books like this are …

　　2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大樓里。

　　3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他認識所有到會的人。

　　4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我們和平時一樣，都起得很早。

　　“One of the +復數(shù)名詞”后面定語從句中謂語單復數(shù)情況

　　這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面的定語從句的謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式，跟定語從句所*近的那個復數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。如：

　　1. That is one of the books that are required for study at school.

　　2. This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.

　　3. She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .

　　4. This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,

　　如果one of +復數(shù)名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面帶有the only、the very之類的限定語，后面定語從句的謂語動詞則要用單數(shù)形式，這是因為定語從句在意義上修飾的是而不是那個復數(shù)名詞。如：

　　1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修飾the only one)

　　He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修飾the teachers)

　　2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修飾the only one)

　　This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修飾rooms)

　　as與which引導的定語從句

　　兩者均可引導非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用as。

　　1. 關系代詞引導的定語從句居句首時。 As we all know, the earth is round.

　　2. 當與such或the same連用時，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.

　　3. 當從句和主句語義一致時，用as，反之則用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.

　　4. as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。

　　She has been late again, as was expected.

　　Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.

　　英語定語從句的例句

　　1.窗戶朝南的那間房間是我的。

　　The room whose window faces south is mine.=The room of which the window faces south is mine.

　　1. 整座城市躺在廢墟中，其中百分子75的工廠和大樓消失不見了。 The whole city, 75% of whose factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins.

　　2. 我們公司有2000工人，三分之二是女工。

　　Our company has 2000 workers, of whom two thirds/ two thirds of whom are women.

　　3. 那些被困在廢墟里的人已經(jīng)得救了。

　　Those who were trapped under the ruins finally got rescued.

　　4. 你們剛才談論的那場地震好可怕呀!

　　The earthquake that you were talking about sounded frightening/shocking.=The earthquake about which you were talking sounded frightening.

　　5. 我的家人都是音樂愛好者，今晚將去看電影。

　　My family, all of whom are music lovers, are going to the movie tonight.

　　6. 我們正在看的這幢大樓過去曾經(jīng)是一家醫(yī)院。

　　The building which we are looking at used to be a hospital.

　　7. 約翰向母親說起過把他在國外見過的人和城市。

　　John once talked to his mom about the people and cities that he had visited abroad.

　　8. 他是去過倫敦的一位以觀光者之一。

　　He is one of the tourists who have been to London.

　　9. 他是這些觀光者當中唯一去過倫敦的。

　　He is the only one of the visitors that/who has been to London.

　　10. 這就是你們上個禮拜參觀過的學校嗎?

　　Is this the school that you visited last Sunday?

　　11. 這所學校就是你們上個禮拜參觀過的那所嗎?

　　Is this school the one that you visited last Sunday?

　　12. 他們曾經(jīng)居住過的是在這個地方里。

　　It is in this place that he once lived.

　　13. 這是他們曾經(jīng)住過的地址。

　　It is the place where he once lived.

　　14. 他有兩個兒子，每一位都看起來像他。

　　He has two sons, either of whom looks like him.

　　15. 他有連個兒子，并且每一個都看起來像他。

　　He has two sons, and either of them looks like him.

　　16. 這是一本封面是藍色的書。

　　17. This is a book whose cover is blue.=This is a book,of which the cover is blue=This is a book,the cover of which is blue.

　　18. 他不說令她生氣的話。He said nothing that made her angry.

　　19. 那就是他拒絕在會上發(fā)言的理由。That was the reason why/for which he refused to speak at the meeting. =That was the reason which/that he refused to speak for at the meeting.

　　20. 那就是前幾天麥克給我的理由。

　　That was the reason that/which Mac gave me.

　　21. 正如我們大家都知道的一樣，比爾蓋茨創(chuàng)建了微軟公司。

　　As is known to us all, Bill Gates founded Microsoft on his own.

　　22. 比爾蓋茨創(chuàng)建了微軟公司是我們大家都知道的。

　　It is known to us all that Bill Gates founded Microsoft on his own.=That Bill Gates founded his own Microsoft is known to us all.

　　23. 是他那夾雜著鄉(xiāng)村音樂，布魯斯音樂和福音的風格成就了他的名氣。你是同誰一起去看的電影?

　　It is his voice, with his country, blues and Gospel styles, that made him famous. Who was it that you went to the movie together with?=With whom was it that you went to the movie together..

　　24. 他不像是那種把工作留下一半的那種人。

　　He isn’t such a man as would leave his work half done.

　　25. 我要用與你們工廠里用過相同的那種工具。

　　I prefer to use the same tools as were used in your factory.

　　26. 我丟了一本書，書名我一時記不起來了。

　　I have lost a book whose title escapes me at the moment.=I lost a book,of which the title escapes me at the moment.

　　27. 像你在讀的那本小說我不欣賞。

　　I don’t enjoy such a book as you are reading.=I don’t appreciate the same book as you are reading.

　　28. 擦黑板的那一位應該受到表揚

　　The one who cleans the blackboard should be praised.。

　　29. 我在初中度過的那三年我永遠不會忘記。

　　I will never forget the three years that I spent in the junior middle school

　　30. 那不是我做事情的方法。

　　That isn’t the way( in which/that) I do it.

　　31. 他們能用不同的方法拼寫單詞，這是你們發(fā)現(xiàn)有趣的方法。

　　They could spell words in different ways which/that you might find interesting.=They could spell words by different means that /which you might find interesting.

　　32. 照現(xiàn)在的樣子抄寫這個表達詞語，不要有任何更改。

　　Copy this expression as it is; don’t make any change.

　　33. 我們將嘗試著幫助家長改善他們與孩子交談的方式。

　　We will try to help parents improve the ways (that/in which) they talk with their children.

　　34. 只有用這種方法才會停止比爾蓋茨的快速成功。

　　Only in this way/by this means can Bill Gates’ quick success be stopped.=Only in this way/By this means can they stop Bill Gate‘s quick success。

　　35. 這位在救援中左腳受傷的士兵，年僅二十歲。、

　　The soldier whose left foot got wounded during the rescue is only twenty years old.

　　36. 他們破壞法律的方式開始的時候是和平的。

　　At first the ways that/in which they broke the laws were peaceful.