托福寫(xiě)作學(xué)會(huì)the的用法助你搞定語(yǔ)法
托福寫(xiě)作學(xué)會(huì)the的用法助你搞定語(yǔ)法
托福寫(xiě)作語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題絕對(duì)是高分必需要攻克的一道難關(guān)，想要寫(xiě)出邏輯清晰，遣詞造句正確豐滿(mǎn)的高質(zhì)量托福作文，托福寫(xiě)作語(yǔ)法不可忽視。小編為大家整理“托福寫(xiě)作：the的用法”，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
托福寫(xiě)作:“the”該怎么用?
一 基本規(guī)律 (Basic rules)
1. Indefinite article (不定冠詞)
我們用 "a , an " 當(dāng)我們不知道他是諸多人或事中的哪一個(gè)：
* is one of many. ( 是許多個(gè)中的一個(gè))
He is an artist.(=there are many artists)
* is not unique. (不是唯一的)
I have just bought a book
* has not been mentioned before. (之前沒(méi)有提到過(guò))
There was a new student in class today.
2. Definite article (定冠詞)
我們用 " the " 當(dāng)我們知道他是諸多人或事中的哪一個(gè)：
* is unique (or unique in that context) (是唯一的)
The Australian Prime Minister. (=there is only one)
I looked inside, the engine was in a terrible state. (=there is only one engine, in this case)
* has been mentioned before. (之前提到過(guò))
The man gave me a ticket. I looked at it, and saw that the ticket was a single.
* is defined by the phrase which follows it. (要被接下來(lái)的短語(yǔ)詳細(xì)說(shuō)明)
What is the new student's name?
3. No articles (無(wú)冠詞)
我們不用冠詞當(dāng)我們普遍地提及事物的時(shí)候：
* using plural or uncountable nouns (在使用復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí))
Do you like sport?
* with the names of people or places, but there are many exceptions (人名和地名的時(shí)候不用冠詞，但是地名有許多例外，下文一一介紹)
He is Professor Jones
4. Fixed phrases (固定短語(yǔ))
有許多固定搭配需要用或者不用冠詞，我們應(yīng)該來(lái)單獨(dú)學(xué)習(xí)，他們包括：
a few at home at work at the beginning atthe end go to bed
go to the cinemas, shops, station in the world once a week
sixty kilometres an hour the next the other the other day
the same
二 經(jīng)常發(fā)生問(wèn)題的區(qū)域 (Areas that often cause problems)
1. Jobs (工作)
如果有許多人做這個(gè)工作我們用 a 或 an.：
My husband is an architect. (=there are many architects)
但是如果一個(gè)工作特別對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)人，我們就要用“the”了：
He is having talks with the French foreign minister(外交部長(zhǎng)). (=there is only one)
2. Superlative (最高級(jí))
我們使用“the”在形容詞最高級(jí)前面：
She is the best person for the job.
3. Last and next
有一些形容詞如 “l(fā)ast” 和 “next ”同時(shí)可以用也可以不用定冠詞“the”但是句意會(huì)發(fā)生變化
I saw James last night. (=the one before this one)
It is the last night of our holiday. (=the fanal one)
I will see you next week.(=the one after this one)
4. Institutions: school, prison, university, church, home, hospital
和以上機(jī)構(gòu)連用時(shí)我們不用定冠詞“the”
My sister had to stay in hospital overnight.
然而，如果我們指的是這個(gè)建筑，我們就要用“the”
Our flat is opposite the hospital.
三 在表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的短語(yǔ)中用或不用定冠詞 (phrases of time and place)
1. Phrases of time
有些時(shí)間短語(yǔ)必須用“the”
Dates: the 25th of December / December the 25th
Parts of the day: in the afternoon, in the evening, in the morning ( but at night, at lunchtime)
Decades or Centuries: the 1980s, the 21st century
另外一些時(shí)間短語(yǔ)不用“the”
Years or Seasons: in 2002, in summer
Months or Days: in August, on Friday, see you tomorrow
2 Place names
國(guó)家，大洲，島嶼，洲，省，城市前不加“the”(countries, continents, islands, states, provinces, town, cities)
in Asia, to Sydney from Texas in Turkey in Britain in America
例外情況
the Netherlands, the UK, the USA, the Arab World (可以發(fā)現(xiàn)國(guó)家名作為縮寫(xiě)的話要加“the”)
如果我們指的是一個(gè)地區(qū)(region)那么我們不需要用“the”
North-west Inida, Northern Europe
但是如果我們指的是對(duì)于一個(gè)地區(qū)的方位或方向就要加上“the”
in the east of the country, in the south of Italy, on the coast
大多數(shù)路，街，公園，橋梁，商店，酒店不用加“the”(raods, streets, parks, bridges, shops, restaurants)
Central Park, Oxford Street, Tower Bridge
但是有命名的劇院，電影院，旅館，畫(huà)廊，博物館加“the”(names of theatres, cinemas, hotels, galleries, museums)
the Hermitage, the National Theatre, the Odeon, the Ritz
特別的山和湖不加“the”
Lake Victoria, Mount Everest
山脈，河流，海洋，運(yùn)河要加“the”
the Atlantic, the Yangtze River, the Himalayas, the Panama Canal
以上就是"the"在托福寫(xiě)作中的用法，大家可以在托福作文中多運(yùn)用一些不同形式的句型，增加托福寫(xiě)作的層次感和新鮮感。
詳解影響托福寫(xiě)作得高分的4個(gè)問(wèn)題
從每年的托福寫(xiě)作考試情況來(lái)看，有不少考生都會(huì)遇到一些問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題貫穿在整個(gè)考試過(guò)程中。下面來(lái)看看小編整理的關(guān)于這些問(wèn)題的介紹吧!
用詞簡(jiǎn)單沒(méi)亮點(diǎn)
新托福寫(xiě)作部分要求考生的語(yǔ)言使用恰當(dāng)，不過(guò)即便考生的詞匯使用時(shí)有一些小錯(cuò)誤，他的文章也可以得到高分。但是如果同時(shí)還有一些語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤的話，那么就很難讓閱卷者準(zhǔn)確理解句子的意圖，這個(gè)時(shí)候文章的得分就會(huì)比較低。
另外，經(jīng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，若考生只是使用一些簡(jiǎn)單句和簡(jiǎn)單的詞匯，那么他是無(wú)法來(lái)闡述較為復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題的，而當(dāng)文章的句子和單詞過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)，得分往往不會(huì)超過(guò)3分。
字?jǐn)?shù)太少
對(duì)于獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作的字?jǐn)?shù)要求，官方的說(shuō)法是：“An effective response is typically about 300 words long. If you write fewer than 300 words,you may still receive a top score,but experience has shown that shorter responses typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a score of 5.”.
可見(jiàn)，若想得到高分，考生最好能將文章寫(xiě)到300字以上，雖然有些文章字?jǐn)?shù)不足但仍可得到滿(mǎn)分，但是畢竟這種情況比較罕見(jiàn)，要充分對(duì)于考題展開(kāi)論述，從而有利地支持文章觀點(diǎn)，充足的字?jǐn)?shù)是必須的。
作文傳統(tǒng)沒(méi)新意
文章的發(fā)展指的是運(yùn)用例子，細(xì)節(jié)和理由來(lái)支持你在文章中所闡述的觀點(diǎn)。閱卷者不希望看到考生為了湊字?jǐn)?shù)而過(guò)多使用一些 “模式化”的單詞或句子來(lái)發(fā)展文章，也不愿意看到考生過(guò)多抄襲或者沿用題目中的句子。他們會(huì)考察考生在用自己的話論述觀點(diǎn)上的能力。
邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)不明確
如果考生的文章是組織有序的，那么閱卷者從頭看到尾也不會(huì)感到糊涂。文章結(jié)構(gòu)的有序，并不是單純地使用了諸如 first,second之類(lèi)的連詞就可以達(dá)成。文章中所有的句子必須服務(wù)于你的論述主題，一旦脫離了主題，那么再精辟的連詞也是徒勞的。