英語被動語態(tài)讀書筆記
英語被動語態(tài)讀書筆記
在英語的語法中，主動語態(tài)是主語動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)就是承受者。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編精心為您整理的英語被動語態(tài)讀書筆記，希望您喜歡!
一、被動語態(tài)定義：
被動語態(tài)(passive voice)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。
二、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)
那么，英語中被動語態(tài)是怎么樣構(gòu)成的呢?請看下面的例句(注意劃線部分)：
His bicycle was stolen.
The building has been built in 2000.
通過上面的例句，可以看出，“被動語態(tài)”的構(gòu)成是：
be + 過去分詞 + (by+動作執(zhí)行者)
三、被動語態(tài)的運用
什么情況下要用被動語態(tài)呢?一般地說，有下面幾種情況：
(1) 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要。例如：
Paper is made from wood. (紙是由木材生產(chǎn)出來的。)
The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. (這座房子太舊了。它是1950年建成的。)
He was wounded in the fight. (他在戰(zhàn)斗在受傷了。)
Electricity is used to run machines. (電是用來開動機器的。)
(2) 需要強調(diào)動作的對象時。例如：
Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.
(計算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。)
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. (閱覽室的書籍和報紙不準(zhǔn)帶走。)
He was awarded first prize in that contest.
(他在比賽中獲得了第一。)
(3)為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提到是誰做的這件事。例如：
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. (新實驗室必須在下個月底前完工。)
四、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例
一般地講，被動語態(tài)可用于英語的各種時態(tài)。為了能準(zhǔn)確地運用被動語態(tài)，重點是要掌握be動詞的各種時態(tài)變化。各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例如下：
1、 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài). am / is / are + 動詞的過去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned every day.
This car is made in China.
2、一般過去式的被動語態(tài): was / were + 動詞的過去分詞
His desk was cleaned just now.
The station was built in 1928.
3、現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài): am / is / are + being + 動詞的過去分詞
A new factory is being built in our city now.
Some trees are being cut down in the park.
4、過去進行時的被動語態(tài): was / were + being + 動詞的過去分詞
A new factory was being built in our city at that time.
Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
5、一般將來時的被動語態(tài):
(A) will / shall + be + 動詞的過去分詞
(B) am / is / are + going to be +動詞的過去分詞.
Some new factories will be built in our city this year.
Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
6、過去將來時的被動語態(tài): (1).would / should + be + 動詞的過去分詞 (2).was / were +going to be + 動詞的過去分詞.
She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.
He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
7、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài):have / has + been + 動詞的過去分詞
Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.
Your watch has been mended already.
8、過去完成時的被動語態(tài):had + been + 動詞的過去分詞
He said that some new factories had been built in the city.
I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .
9、含情態(tài)動詞的被動式：can/may/must + be + done
例如：He can not be found. / I must be paid for this.
五、主動語態(tài)改成被動語態(tài)方法
把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個步驟：
1. 將主動語態(tài)的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語;
2. 謂語動詞變?yōu)?ldquo;be+及物動詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態(tài);
3主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞之后。(有時by的短語可以省略);
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.