茶道的英語介紹與翻譯
茶道是一種以茶為媒的生活禮儀，一種以茶修身的生活方式。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編精心為你整理的茶道的英語介紹與翻譯，一起來看看。
茶道的英語介紹與翻譯
Chinese Tea Culture
China is the home country of tea. Before the Tang Dynasty, Chinese tea was exported by land and sea, first to Japan and Korea, then to India and Central Asia and, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, to the Arabian Peninsula. In the early period of the 17th century, Chinese tea was exported to Europe, where the upper class adopted the fashion of drinking tea. Chinese tea—like Chinese silk and china—has become synonymous worldwide with refined culture. At the heart of the art of tea—the study and practice of tea in all its aspects—is the simple gesture of offering a cup of tea to a guest that for Chinese people today is a fundamental social custom, as it has been for centuries. China traces the development of tea as an art form to Lu Yu, known as "the Saint of Tea" in Chinese history, who lived during the Tang Dynasty and who wrote The Book of Tea, the first ever treatise on tea and tea culture. The spirit of tea permeates Chinese culture, and throughout the country there are many kinds of teas, teahouses, tea legends, tea artifacts and tea customs. Better-known places to enjoy a good cup of tea in China include Beijing noted for its variety of teahouses; Fujian and Guangdong provinces and other places in the southeast of China that serve gongfu tea, a formal serving of tea in tiny cups; the West Lake in Hangzhou, also the home of the Tea Connoisseurs Association, noted for its excellent green tea; and provinces in southwest China like Yunnan where the ethnic groups less affected by foreign cultures retain tea ceremonies and customs in original tea-growing areas.
The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of "savoring." "Savoring tea" is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring tea. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves.
China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one's hunger.
中國是茶的故鄉(xiāng)，早在唐代以前，中國生產(chǎn)的茶葉便通過陸路及海運的方式遠銷各地。首先到達了日本和韓國，然后傳到印度和中亞地區(qū)。在明清時期，又傳到了阿拉伯半島。在17世紀初期，中國茶葉又遠銷至歐洲各國，很多上層社會的貴族、紳士都養(yǎng)成了喝茶的習(xí)慣。中國的共和中國的絲綢及磁器一樣，已經(jīng)成為了中國在全世界的代名詞。
中國人飲茶， 注重一個"品"字。"品茶"不但是鑒別茶的優(yōu)劣，也帶有神思遐想和領(lǐng)略飲茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壺濃茶，擇雅靜之處，自斟自飲，可以消除疲勞、滌煩益思、振奮精神，也可以細啜慢飲，達到美的享受，使精神世界升華到高尚的藝術(shù)境界。品茶的環(huán)境一般由建筑物、園林、擺設(shè)、茶具等因素組成。飲茶要求安靜、清新、舒適、干凈。中國園林世界聞名，山水風(fēng)景更是不可勝數(shù)。利用園林或自然山水間，搭設(shè)茶室，讓人們小憩，意趣盎然。
中國是文明古國，禮儀之邦，很重禮節(jié)。凡來了客人，沏茶、敬茶的禮儀是必不可少的。當(dāng)有客來訪，可征求意見，選用最合來客口味的茶葉和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人飲茶時，要注意客人杯、壺中的茶水殘留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加開水，隨喝隨添，使茶水濃度基本保持前后一致，水溫適宜。在飲茶時也可適當(dāng)佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，達到調(diào)節(jié)口味和點心之功效。
茶道形式
煎茶
把茶末投入壺中和水一塊煎煮。最早記述于宋代，有“吃茶”之說。流行于唐代。
法門寺出土的金質(zhì)茶具，展現(xiàn)了唐代人“吃茶”的情形。茶葉經(jīng)烘干后碾成粉末，和水一起煮，在煮茶時有時會加入鹽等調(diào)料，喝茶時與茶葉一起喝下，所以又叫“吃茶”。
唐代的煎茶，是茶的最早藝術(shù)品嘗形式。
斗茶
古代文人雅士各攜帶茶與水，通過比茶面湯花和品嘗鑒賞茶湯以定優(yōu)劣的一種品茶藝術(shù)。斗茶又稱為茗戰(zhàn)，興于唐代末，盛于宋代。最先流行于福建建州一帶。斗茶是古代品茶藝術(shù)的最高表現(xiàn)形式。其最終目的是品嘗，特別是要吸掉茶面上的湯花，最后斗茶者還要品茶湯，做到色、香、味三者俱佳，才算斗茶的最后勝利。
工夫茶
清代 至今某些地區(qū)流行的工夫茶是唐、宋以來品茶藝術(shù)的流風(fēng)余韻。清代工夫茶流行于福建的汀州、漳州、泉州和廣東的潮州。后來在安徽祁門地區(qū)也有盛行。工夫茶講究品飲工夫。飲工夫茶，有自煎自品和待客兩種，特別是待客，更為講究。
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