16種時(shí)態(tài)的用法口訣_英語(yǔ)的16種時(shí)態(tài)用法(4)
16種時(shí)態(tài)的用法口訣_英語(yǔ)的16種時(shí)態(tài)用法
11. 將來(lái)完成時(shí)(will have done)
用法：表示從將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始、延續(xù)到另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或是發(fā)生在某個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間，但對(duì)其后的另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間有影響的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)平移到時(shí)間軸的將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)段一樣。其用法從和過(guò)去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，變成了和將來(lái)及將來(lái)的將來(lái)有關(guān)。
例： The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.
A) must have lasted B) will have lasted
C) would last D) has lasted
本題考核謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。全句的意思是：“會(huì)議從開(kāi)始到結(jié)束將持續(xù)整整一個(gè)星期。”句中by the time it ends表示動(dòng)作要延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻，因此要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。答案是B) will have lasted。如果選A)，因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞must后面接動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)形式表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定推測(cè)，而本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了時(shí)態(tài)不呼應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤。Would雖可以表示推測(cè)或可能性，但would last不能表示延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作，所以C) would last錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)镈) has lasted是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，不能表示延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作，所以也不正確。
注意事項(xiàng)：由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí)融合在一起的，所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)，可以參考“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”和“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。
12)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：shall have been doing ，will have been doing
例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下個(gè)月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
13)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：had been doing
例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前，我10歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個(gè)舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。)(此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“拆卸”和“組裝”這兩個(gè)過(guò)去的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行。)(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
14) 過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：should be doing , would be doing
例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承諾說(shuō)第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間，所以最好用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。)(此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
15) 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)：should have done , would have done
例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我堅(jiān)信到那年年底為止，那個(gè)軟件的新版本將被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)。但是我錯(cuò)了。)(此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
16) 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：should have been doing , would have been doing
例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. (他們說(shuō)到第二個(gè)月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)
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