汽車專業(yè)英語文章
近些年,中國國內(nèi)汽車生產(chǎn)量和消費(fèi)量不斷攀升,引起世界的關(guān)注,并使汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)成為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來的汽車專業(yè)英語文章，歡迎閱讀!
汽車專業(yè)英語文章1
The diameter of the cylinder is called the engine bore.Displacement and compression ratio are two frequently used engine specification.Displacement indicates engine size.and compression ratio compares the total cylinder volume to compression chamber volume
The term"stoke"is used to describe the movement of the piston within the cylinder.The operating cycle may require either two or four stroke to complete. Most automobile engines operate on the four stroke cycle
This type of engine is also know as Otto cycle,after the name of its inventor, Nikolaus Otto,who first applied the principle in 1876.In the 4-stroke engine, four strokes of the piston in the cylinder are required to complete one full operating cycle. Each stroke is named after the action.It performs intake, compression,power, and exhaust in that order, shown in Fig.1-2
1.Intake stroke
The piston moves downward to the bottom dead center,a vacuum is created in the cylinder.The intake valve opens and air-fuel mixture comes into cylinder .To obtain the maximum filling of the cylinder the intake valve opens about 10' before t.d.c.giving 20'overlap. The inlet valve remains open until some 50'after b.d.c.to take advantage of mixture.
2.Compression stroke
The air-fuel mixture is compressed within the combustion chamber.While the pressure rise to about 1MP, depending on various factors including the compression ratio, throttle opening and engine speed.The spark plug is fired ignite the air-fule mixture prior to the piston being at the t.d.c..Note that both valves are closed.
3.Power stroke
The air-fuel mixture expands, which creates the power to force the piston downward.The exhaust valve opens near the bottom of the stroke.
4.Exhaust stroke
As the piston starts to move upward, the exhaust valve is opened.The piston moving up force the exhaust gases out of the cylinder.The intake valve usually opens just before the exhaust stroke.
This 4-stroke cycle is continuously repeated in every as long as the engine remains running.
汽缸體的直徑成為缸徑。排量和壓縮比經(jīng)常用來反應(yīng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的效率。排量由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的尺寸決定，汽缸體的總體積除以壓縮室的體積成為壓縮比。
“沖程”這一個(gè)術(shù)語是用來描述活塞在汽缸體中的運(yùn)動(dòng)的。一個(gè)工作循環(huán)可以通過兩個(gè)或者四個(gè)沖程來完成大多數(shù)的汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)都是四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。
這種類型的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)因?yàn)檫@種四沖程循環(huán)而出名，然后是以發(fā)明者發(fā)明者的名字而命名，尼古拉斯·奧托在1876年第一次運(yùn)用這種原理。在四沖程發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中，活塞的四個(gè)沖程在氣缸中運(yùn)動(dòng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)完美的運(yùn)動(dòng)循環(huán)。每一個(gè)沖程都是以他們的作用而命名。他們分別按順序扮演進(jìn)氣、壓縮空氣、做功和排氣。
1.進(jìn)氣沖程
當(dāng)活塞向下往下止點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)候，氣缸中就行成了一個(gè)真空。這時(shí)候進(jìn)氣門打開，空燃混合物進(jìn)入氣缸。為了保證有更多的混合氣進(jìn)入氣缸中，進(jìn)氣門在活塞到達(dá)上止點(diǎn)之前10’打開。所以就有了一個(gè)20’的氣門重疊角。為了保證能有更多的混合氣進(jìn)入汽缸，當(dāng)活塞經(jīng)過下止點(diǎn)50’之前都是一直保持打開的。
2.壓縮沖程
空燃混合物是在燃燒室內(nèi)被壓縮的，而里面的壓縮壓力上升到大概1MP，要取決于很多因素，其中包括壓縮比、節(jié)氣門開度和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速。當(dāng)活塞到達(dá)上止點(diǎn)的時(shí)候火花塞就點(diǎn)燃里面的空燃混合氣，在這整個(gè)過程中所有的氣門都是關(guān)閉著的。
3做功沖程
空燃混合氣膨脹產(chǎn)生的力量推動(dòng)著活塞向下運(yùn)動(dòng)，當(dāng)達(dá)到下止點(diǎn)附近的時(shí)候排氣門打開。
4.排氣沖程
當(dāng)活塞開始往上運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)候，排氣門打開，活塞往上運(yùn)動(dòng)迫使廢棄排除汽缸體，進(jìn)氣門通常是在排氣沖程結(jié)束之前打開。
以上這四個(gè)沖程就這樣連續(xù)反復(fù)的不斷重復(fù)，從而使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)保持運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
汽車專業(yè)英語文章2
About car engine
Of all automobile components,an automobile engie is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an autombile.So, the engine is generally called the"heat"of an automobile.
在汽車的所有部件中，汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是最復(fù)雜的組件，其對(duì)整車性能有著決定性的作用。因而發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)往往被稱作發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的“心臟”。
There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors,stream engines,andinternal combustion engines.The internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field.The internal combustion engine,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.
事實(shí)上，按動(dòng)力來源分發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有很多種，如電動(dòng)機(jī)、蒸汽機(jī)、外燃機(jī)等。然而內(nèi)燃機(jī)似乎在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)領(lǐng)域有著絕對(duì)的統(tǒng)治地位。就像其字面意思一樣，內(nèi)燃機(jī)的染料在氣缸內(nèi)燃燒，通過將燃燒產(chǎn)生氣體的膨脹力轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)力來驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前進(jìn)。
Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.However,this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or trucks.The puston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large bearings called rod bearing.Similar bearings, called main bearings,are used to mount the crankshaft in the block.
發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是整部車的動(dòng)力來源。能量來自于活塞在氣缸內(nèi)的(往復(fù))直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。然而這種(往復(fù))直線運(yùn)動(dòng)必須要轉(zhuǎn)換成旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)才能驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪?；钊c連桿通過一個(gè)銷來連接，這個(gè)銷稱為活塞銷。連桿的下部連接于曲拐。連桿把活塞的上下往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)傳遞給曲拐，從而將往復(fù)直線運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變成旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)。連桿和曲拐的連接使用大的軸承，稱之為連桿軸承，類似的軸承也用于將曲軸連接到機(jī)體，稱之為主軸承。
They are generally two different types of cooling system:water-cooling system and air-cooling system.Water-cooling system is more common.The cooling medium, or coolant, in them is either water or some low-freezing liquid, called antifreeze.A water-cooling system consists of the engine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and neccessary hoses.
主要有兩種類型的冷卻系統(tǒng)：水冷和風(fēng)冷。水冷系統(tǒng)更為普遍。系統(tǒng)所用冷卻介質(zhì)或是冷卻液水或其他低凝固點(diǎn)液體，稱為抗凝劑。一個(gè)完整的水冷系統(tǒng)包括機(jī)體水套，節(jié)溫器，水泵，散熱器，散熱器罩，風(fēng)扇，風(fēng)扇驅(qū)動(dòng)皮帶和必需的水管。
A water-cooling system means that water is used as a cooling agent to circulate through the engine to absorb the heat and carry it to the radiator for disposal.The ebgine is cooled mainly through heat transfer and heat dissipation.The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the waterin the water jacket.The outside of the water jacket dissipates some of the heat to the air surrounding it, but most of the heat is carried by the cooling water to the radiator for dissipation.When the coolant temperature in the system reaches 90°,the termostat valve open fully, its slanted edge shutting off the sforter circuit so that coolant circulates through the longer one: water-pump-cooling jacket-thermostat-radiator top-tank-radiator core-bottom tank-pump.
水冷系統(tǒng)意味著水將用作冷卻介質(zhì)，用于在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中循環(huán)吸收熱并將之帶到散熱器中散出。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)主要是通過熱傳導(dǎo)和熱輻射來散熱。由混合氣燃燒產(chǎn)生的熱通過鐵質(zhì)或鋁制氣缸傳至水套中的冷卻水中。水套外部通過向空氣散熱輻射部分熱能，然而主要部分由冷卻水帶至散熱器耗散掉。當(dāng)冷卻液溫度達(dá)到90度時(shí)，節(jié)溫器閥全部打開，關(guān)閉小循環(huán)從而使冷卻液在大循環(huán)中流動(dòng)：水泵-冷卻水套-節(jié)溫器-進(jìn)水室-散熱器芯-出水室-水泵。
Water pumps have many designs, but most are the centrifugal type.They consist of a rotating fan,or impeller,and seldom are of the positive displacement type that uses gears or plungers.Many water pumps have a spring-loaded seal to avoid leakage of water around the pump shaft.Some V-type engines have a pump on each cylinder biock.
水泵也有不同的設(shè)計(jì)，多數(shù)使用離心式，這種水泵包括一個(gè)螺旋風(fēng)扇或是葉輪。少數(shù)水泵使用齒輪或是柱塞。許多水泵有一個(gè)彈簧密封,避免泄漏泵軸周圍的水分。一些v型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的兩個(gè)氣缸體組各有一個(gè)水泵。
The radiator is a device designed to dissipate the heat which the coolant has absorbed from the engine;it is constructed to hold a large amount of water in tubes or other passages which provide a large area in contact with the atmosphere.
散熱器是用來向外散發(fā)冷卻液從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)吸收來廢熱的裝置;其結(jié)構(gòu)中包括可以容納大量冷卻液的管道或其他通道，用來增大與空氣的接觸面積。
The radiator usually mainly consists of the radiator core, radiator bottom tank,and radiator top tank.Radiator cores are of two basic types,the fin and tube(fins are placed around the tubes to increase the area for radiating the heat)and of the ribbon cellular or honey comb tybe.The popular fin and tube type of radiator core has the advantage of fewer soldered joints and is there a stronger construction.It consists of a series of pareller tubes extending from the upper to the lower tank.The honeycomb type core consists of a large number of narrow water passage made by soldering pairs of thin metal ribbons together their edges.These tubes are separated by fins of metal ribbon which help dissipate the heat.
散熱器主要包括散熱器核心，散熱器底部水箱(可譯為出水室)和散熱器頂部水箱(可譯為進(jìn)水室)。散熱器核心主要包括兩種基本形式，鰭管型(鰭片安放在管道旁以增大散熱面積)和蜂窩型。流行的鰭管型優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于較少的焊點(diǎn)和由此而來的較高結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度。其包含很多從進(jìn)水室向出水室延伸的平行管道.蜂窩型則包含大量由焊接在邊緣的成對(duì)金屬片形成的窄水道，這些水道被鰭片隔開以利于散熱。
The radiator cap serves not only to prevent the coolant from splashing out the filler opening,but also to prevevt evaporation of the coolant.
散熱器罩不僅用于防止冷卻液濺出而且用于防止冷卻液的揮發(fā)。
The fan designed to draw cooling air through the radiator core. The fan is usually mounted on an extension of the water pump shaft and is driven by V-belt from a pulley mounted on the front end of the cramshaft.Usually the same belt drives the alternator, and belt tension is adjusted by swinging the alternator on its mounting.
風(fēng)扇設(shè)計(jì)來驅(qū)使制冷空氣通過散熱器芯。風(fēng)扇常常裝在水泵軸的伸出物上，由安裝在曲軸前段的滑輪上的v帶驅(qū)動(dòng)。通常將一臺(tái)機(jī)器的皮帶換到另一臺(tái)機(jī)器的時(shí)后，帶的張緊力需要通過調(diào)節(jié)安裝來調(diào)節(jié)。
汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介
在汽車的所有部件中，汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是最復(fù)雜的組件，其對(duì)整車性能有著決定性的作用。因而發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)往往被稱作發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的“心臟”。
事實(shí)上，按動(dòng)力來源分發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有很多種，如電動(dòng)機(jī)、蒸汽機(jī)、外燃機(jī)等。然而內(nèi)燃機(jī)似乎在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)領(lǐng)域有著絕對(duì)的統(tǒng)治地位。就像其字面意思一樣，內(nèi)燃機(jī)的染料在氣缸內(nèi)燃燒，通過將燃燒產(chǎn)生氣體的膨脹力轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)力來驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前進(jìn)。
發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是整部車的動(dòng)力來源。能量來自于活塞在氣缸內(nèi)的(往復(fù))直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。然而這種(往復(fù))直線運(yùn)動(dòng)必須要轉(zhuǎn)換成旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)才能驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪。活塞與連桿通過一個(gè)銷來連接，這個(gè)銷稱為活塞銷。連桿的下部連接于曲拐。連桿把活塞的上下往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)傳遞給曲拐，從而將往復(fù)直線運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)變成旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)。連桿和曲拐的連接使用大的軸承，稱之為連桿軸承，類似的軸承也用于將曲軸連接到機(jī)體，稱之為主軸承。
主要有兩種類型的冷卻系統(tǒng)：水冷和風(fēng)冷。水冷系統(tǒng)更為普遍。系統(tǒng)所用冷卻介質(zhì)或是冷卻液水或其他低凝固點(diǎn)液體，稱為抗凝劑。一個(gè)完整的水冷系統(tǒng)包括機(jī)體水套，節(jié)溫器，水泵，散熱器，散熱器罩，風(fēng)扇，風(fēng)扇驅(qū)動(dòng)皮帶和必需的水管。
水冷系統(tǒng)意味著水將用作冷卻介質(zhì)，用于在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中循環(huán)吸收熱并將之帶到散熱器中散出。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)主要是通過熱傳導(dǎo)和熱輻射來散熱。由混合氣燃燒產(chǎn)生的熱通過鐵質(zhì)或鋁制氣缸傳至水套中的冷卻水中。水套外部通過向空氣散熱輻射部分熱能，然而主要部分由冷卻水帶至散熱器耗散掉。當(dāng)冷卻液溫度達(dá)到90度時(shí)，節(jié)溫器閥全部打開，關(guān)閉小循環(huán)從而使冷卻液在大循環(huán)中流動(dòng)：水泵-冷卻水套-節(jié)溫器-進(jìn)水室-散熱器芯-出水室-水泵。
水泵也有不同的設(shè)計(jì)，多數(shù)使用離心式，這種水泵包括一個(gè)螺旋風(fēng)扇或是葉輪。少數(shù)水泵使用齒輪或是柱塞。許多水泵有一個(gè)彈簧密封,避免泄漏泵軸周圍的水分。一些v型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的兩個(gè)氣缸體組各有一個(gè)水泵。
散熱器是用來向外散發(fā)冷卻液從發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)吸收來廢熱的裝置;其結(jié)構(gòu)中包括可以容納大量冷卻液的管道或其他通道，用來增大與空氣的接觸面積。
散熱器主要包括散熱器核心，散熱器底部水箱(可譯為出水室)和散熱器頂部水箱(可譯為進(jìn)水室)。散熱器核心主要包括兩種基本形式，鰭管型(鰭片安放在管道旁以增大散熱面積)和蜂窩型。流行的鰭管型優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于較少的焊點(diǎn)和由此而來的較高結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度。其包含很多從進(jìn)水室向出水室延伸的平行管道.蜂窩型則包含大量由焊接在邊緣的成對(duì)金屬片形成的窄水道，這些水道被鰭片隔開以利于散熱。
散熱器罩不僅用于防止冷卻液濺出而且用于防止冷卻液的揮發(fā)。
風(fēng)扇設(shè)計(jì)來驅(qū)使制冷空氣通過散熱器芯。風(fēng)扇常常裝在水泵軸的伸出物上，由安裝在曲軸前段的滑輪上的v帶驅(qū)動(dòng)。通常將一臺(tái)機(jī)器的皮帶換到另一臺(tái)機(jī)器的時(shí)后，帶的張緊力需要通過調(diào)節(jié)安裝來調(diào)節(jié)。
汽車專業(yè)英語文章
