常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)
常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)
“臨床”即“親臨病床”之意，臨床醫(yī)學(xué)是研究疾病的病因、診斷、治療和預(yù)后，提高臨床治療水平，促進(jìn)人體健康的科學(xué)。接下來(lái)小編為大家整理了常用臨床醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，希望對(duì)你有幫助哦!
diseases 疾病
infectious diseases 傳染病
inherited diseases 遺傳病
malignant diseases惡性病
nutritional diseases 營(yíng)養(yǎng)病
occupation diseases 職業(yè)病
organic diseases 器質(zhì)性病
paroxysmal diseases 陣發(fā)性病
periodical diseases 周期病
acute diseases 急性病
cardiac massage 心臟按摩
cardiac pacing 心臟起博
electrotherapy 電療法
electroshock treatment 電休克療法
hemodialysis 血液透析
hyperbaric therapy 高壓氧療法
insulin-shock treatment 胰島素休克療法
light therapy 光療法
therapeutic gymnastics 醫(yī)療體育
advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病
chronic diseases慢性病
communicable diseases 傳染病
complicating diseases 并發(fā)病
congenital diseases 先天性疾病
acquired diseases 后天性疾病
contagious diseases接觸性傳染病
endemic diseases 地方病
epidemic diseases 流行病
functional diseases 機(jī)能病、官能病
primary(principal)diseases原發(fā)(主導(dǎo))病
secondary diseases 繼發(fā)病
sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病
terminal diseases 絕癥
wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主訴
clinical manifestation 臨床表現(xiàn)
delivery history 分娩史
etiology病因?qū)W
family history 家族史
history, medical history 病史
precipitating(induced)誘因
marital status婚姻狀況
menstrual history 月經(jīng)史
menarche 初潮
menopause閉經(jīng)
past history既往史
pathogenesis 發(fā)病機(jī)制
personal history 個(gè)人史symptoms 癥狀
cardinal symptom 主要癥狀
classical symptom 典型癥狀
concomitant symptom 伴發(fā)癥狀
constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身癥狀
indirect symptom 間接癥狀
induced symptom 誘發(fā)癥狀
local symptom 局部癥狀
mental symptom精神癥狀
symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 綜合癥，癥候群
signs體征
antecedent 前驅(qū)征
assident (accessory) 副征
commemorative 后遺癥
sign of death 死征
diagnostic診斷征
sign of disease 病征
subjective 自覺征，主觀征
vein sign靜脈征vital sign 生命體征
body length (height of the body) 身高
body weight 體重
barrel chest 桶狀胸
cachexia 惡病質(zhì)
compulsive position 被動(dòng)體位
critical facies 病危面容
emaciation 消瘦
enophthalmos 眼球下陷
entropion 瞼內(nèi)翻
exophthalmos 眼球突出
flushed face 面色潮紅
gain (loss) in weight 增加(減輕)體重
lock-jaw 牙關(guān)緊閉
lordosis 脊柱前凸
nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇動(dòng)
nystagmus 眼震
obesity 肥胖
pallor 蒼白
scolisis 脊柱側(cè)凸
agitation 焦急不安
debility, weakness 虛弱
diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗
dizziness, vertigo 眩暈
lassitude, fatigue 無(wú)力，倦怠
malaise 不適
night sweat 盜汗
numbness 麻木
rigor, chill 寒冷，發(fā)冷
perspiration, sweating 出汗
pruritus, itching 癢，
somasthenia 軀體無(wú)力
tingling 麻刺感abscess 膿腫
acidosis 酸中毒
adhesion 粘連
alkalosis 堿中毒
allergy 過敏
coagulation defect 凝血不良
congestion 充血
dehydration 脫水
distention 膨脹
edema 水腫
embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成
fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水電解質(zhì)紊亂
gangrene 壞疽
hematoma 血腫
hemorrhage, bleeding 出血
infarction 梗塞，梗死
infection 傳染
inflammation 炎癥
ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒
metastasis 轉(zhuǎn)移
perforation 穿孔
necrosis 壞死
shock 休克
response 反應(yīng)，應(yīng)答
reaction 反應(yīng)，感應(yīng)
thrombosis 血栓形成
ulceration 潰瘍fever, pyrexia 發(fā)燒，發(fā)熱
continuous fever 稽留熱
intermittent fever 間歇熱
low-grade fever 低熱
remittent fever 馳張熱
relapsing fever 回歸熱pain 痛
burning pain 灼痛
chest(flank,…) pain 胸(脅腹…)痛
cramp-like pain 痙攣性痛
dull, diffused pain 彌漫性鈍痛
pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛
radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 絞痛
cardiac angina 心絞痛
backache 背痛
colic 絞痛，急腹痛
earache 耳痛
headache 頭痛
neuralgia 神經(jīng)痛
migraine 偏頭痛
rebound tenderness 反跳痛
somatalgia 軀體痛
sore throat 咽喉痛
stomachache 胃痛
toothache 牙痛
bloody sputum 帶血的痰
cough 咳嗽
dry cough 干咳
expectoration 咳痰
expectoration of blood 咳血
hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧
apnea 呼吸暫停，窒息
asthma 氣喘，哮喘
Cheyne Stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸
dyspnea 呼吸困難
hyperpnea hyperventilation 過度呼吸，換氣過度
hypopnea 呼吸不全， 呼吸淺表
hypoxia 低氧，缺氧
orthopnea 端坐呼吸
respiratory arrest 呼吸停止
suffocation 窒息
tachypnea 呼吸急促
fetid breath 口臭
fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齊
atelectasis 肺不張，肺膨脹不全
cardiac arrest 心搏驟停
cardiac hypertrophy 心臟肥大
cyanosis 發(fā)紺，青紫
distension of jugular vein 頸靜脈怒張
extrasystole 期外收縮
gallop rhythm 奔馬律
hemopleura 血胸
hepatojugular reflux 肝頸靜脈回流
hypovolemia (循環(huán))血容量減少
palpitation 心悸
tachycardia 心動(dòng)過速
pneumothorax 氣胸
thrill 震顫
absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失
dull sound 濁音
hyperresonant 鼓音
rale 啰音
rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音
wheeze 哮鳴音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厭食
dysphagia 吞咽困難
eructation 噯氣
belching 噯氣
flatulence 氣脹
flatus 腸胃氣，屁
gaseous distention 胃脹氣
hematemesis 嘔血
hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆
nausea 惡心
pyrosis 胃灼熱
regurgitation 反胃，回流
thirsty 口渴
vomiting 嘔吐
anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂
ascites 腹水
board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板狀腹
decreased tactile fremitus 觸覺性震顫減弱
exophageal varices 食管靜脈曲張
fistula 瘺，瘺管
hemorrhoid 痔
hernia 疝
hepatomegaly 肝腫大
intussusception 腸套疊
jaundice 黃疸
muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌衛(wèi)
peristalsis 蠕動(dòng)
loss of peristalsis 蠕動(dòng)消失
mass peristalsis 總?cè)鋭?dòng)
retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕動(dòng)
prolapse 脫垂
prolapse of anus 脫肛
rectal prolapse 直腸脫垂，脫肛
volvulus 腸扭轉(zhuǎn)calculus 結(jié)石， 石
biliary calculus 膽結(jié)石
vesical calculus 膀胱結(jié)石constipation 便秘
defecation 排便
diarrhea 腹瀉
incontinence of feces 大便失禁
hematochezia 便血
fecal impaction 大便嵌塞
occult blood 潛血
painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牽動(dòng)
clay colored stools 陶土色便
dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡樣嘔吐物
fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 嘔糞，吐糞
foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 惡臭脂肪便，脂肪痢
scanty and hard stools 便少而硬
tarry (black) stools 柏油樣便anuria 無(wú)尿
burning sensation no urination 排尿時(shí)的灼燒感
dysurea 排尿困難，尿痛
enuresis, bed wetting 遺尿
frequency of urination 尿頻
micturation 排尿
uresis, urination, voiding 排尿
nocturia 夜尿
oliguria 少尿
polyuria 多尿
tenesmus 里急后重
vesical tenesmus 排尿時(shí)里急后重
uremia coma 尿毒癥昏迷
urgency of urination 尿急
urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿
chyluria 乳糜尿
cylindruia 管型尿
glycosuria 糖尿
hematuria 血尿
ketonuria 酮尿
pneumatinuria 氣尿
proteinuria 蛋白尿
pyuria 膿尿amenorrhea 經(jīng)閉，無(wú)月經(jīng)
dysmenorrhea 痛經(jīng)
menorrhagia 月經(jīng)過多
lochia 惡露
menorrhea 行經(jīng)，月經(jīng)過多
menstruation 月經(jīng)
uterine contraction 子宮收縮blotch 斑點(diǎn)
bruise 挫傷，青腫
acne 痤瘡，粉刺
desquamation 脫皮，脫屑
ecchymosis 瘀斑
loss of skin turgor 失去皮膚充盈
nevus 痣
papule 丘疹
petechia 瘀點(diǎn)，瘀斑
pigmentation 色素沉著
pustule 膿皰
purpura 紫癲
red nodule 紅結(jié)節(jié)
roseola 玫瑰疹
scar 傷疤
senile plaque 老人斑
spider anaioma 蛛形痣
subcutaneous nodule 皮下結(jié)節(jié)
urticaria 蕁麻疹
vesicle 小水皰
vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明
blurred vision, visual disturbance 視力模糊
impaired vision 視力下降
lacrimation 流淚
papilledema 視神經(jīng)乳頭水腫
photophobia 畏光，羞明
retinal detachment 視網(wǎng)膜脫離deafness 聾
hearing loss 聽力喪失
tinnitus 耳鳴
epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血
impaired smelling 嗅覺障礙
nasal discharge 鼻涕
nasal obstruction 鼻塞
sneeze 噴嚏
snore 打鼾
aphonia, loss of voice 失音癥
hoarseness 嘶啞
gum bleeding 齒齦出血
herpes labialis 唇皰疹，感冒瘡
Koplik's spots 科普利克斑
lead line of the gum 齦鉛線
salivation, drooling 流口水
straw-berry tongue 草莓舌
tremulous tongue 舌震顫atrophy 萎縮
contracture 攣縮
deformity 畸形，變形
dislocation 脫位
fracture 骨折
closed (simple)fracture 無(wú)創(chuàng)骨折，單純性骨折
comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折
compound fracture 哆開(開放性)骨折
knock-knee 膝外翻
opisthotonos 角弓反張
prosthesis 假體
spasm 痙攣
tetany (肌)強(qiáng)直，手足抽搦
wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失語(yǔ)
ataxia 共濟(jì)失調(diào)
coma 昏迷
consciousness 知覺，意識(shí)
convulsion 抽搐，驚厥
delirium 譫妄
delusion 妄想
faint 昏厥
hallucination 幻覺
hemiplegia 偏癱
increased intracranial pressure 顱內(nèi)壓增高
insanity 精神錯(cuò)亂
loss of orientation 定向喪失
mania 躁狂
memory defects, amnesia 記憶缺損，遺忘癥
paraplegia 截癱，下身麻痹
projectile vomiting 噴射性嘔吐
somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡，嗜睡
stupor 木僵，昏呆
tetraplegia 四肢癱瘓
unconsciousness 失去知覺
yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象
cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……) crisis
腦(熱、血性、溶血、高血壓、甲狀腺中毒…)危象
failure 衰竭，故障
central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure
中樞(循環(huán)、心力、心肌、周圍循環(huán)、充血性、腎、呼吸…)衰竭diagnosis診斷
auscultation 聽診
inspection 視診
palpation觸診
percussion 叩診
laboratory examination 實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查
physical examination 體格檢查
rectal (vaginal) touch 直腸(陰道)指診
impression 印象
tentative diagnosis 暫定診斷
differential diagnosis 鑒別診斷
final diagnosis 最后診斷
prognosis 預(yù)后
prescription 處方
incubation (latent) period 潛伏期
prodromal stage 前驅(qū)期
incipient stage 初期
quiescent stage 靜止期
alleviation 減輕，緩和
remission 緩解
attack 發(fā)作
convalescence (recovery) stage 恢復(fù)期
rehabilitation 康復(fù)
relapse 復(fù)發(fā)
sudden death 猝死
moribund 瀕死的
course of the disease 病程
course of the treatment 療程
indication 適應(yīng)癥，指征
complication 并發(fā)癥
contraindication 禁忌癥
side-effect 副作用
sequel (sequela), after effect 后遺癥
therapies 治療方法
acupuncture therapy 針刺療法
block therapy 封閉療法
chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化學(xué)療法
combined therapy 綜合療法
conservative therapy 保守療法
constitutional therapy 全身療法
dietetic therapy 飲食療法
operative treatment 手術(shù)療法
palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息療法
physical therapy 物理療法
psychotherapy 精神療法
radical treatment 根治
radio-therapy 放射性療法
supporting treatment 支持療法
symptomatic treatment對(duì)癥療法