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英語(yǔ)課外閱讀1
Deep among the streams and Kauri trees of ruralsouth Auckland, New Zealand’s newest and mostalternative school is in session. The weather is fineso a bout of fishing is in order, followed by lunchcooked on an open fire. Homework and classes? Indefinitely dismissed.
在南奧克蘭鄉(xiāng)間的溪流邊和貝殼杉樹(shù)下,新西蘭最新最另類(lèi)的學(xué)校正在“上課”。天氣很好,所以學(xué)生們將會(huì)去釣魚(yú),接著大家會(huì)在野外生火做午飯。作業(yè)和聽(tīng)課呢?無(wú)限期取消了。
“We are called a school but we look nothing like anyschool out there,” says Joey Moncarz, co-founder andhead teacher at Deep Green Bush School, which is in term two of its inaugural year.
深綠叢林學(xué)校的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人、校長(zhǎng)喬伊?蒙卡茲說(shuō):“我們名為學(xué)校,但一點(diǎn)也不像其他學(xué)校。”現(xiàn)在是學(xué)校創(chuàng)辦以來(lái)的第二學(xué)期。
“We don’t do things like telling kids it is time to write or learn maths. When they are interestedin doing it, they do it.”
“我們不會(huì)告訴孩子該寫(xiě)字或該學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)了。當(dāng)他們感興趣的時(shí)候,他們就會(huì)去學(xué)。”
Moncarz is an ex-mainstream teacher. After five frustrating years in mainstream schools in NewZealand he quit to found Deep Green Bush school, which has a roll of eight, and no classroomwalls, time-out chairs or tests.
蒙卡茲以前也是一個(gè)主流學(xué)校的老師。在新西蘭的主流學(xué)校里待了五年后他覺(jué)得很灰心,于是就辭職創(chuàng)辦了深綠叢林學(xué)校。這個(gè)學(xué)校只有八名學(xué)生,沒(méi)有教室,沒(méi)有罰坐椅,也沒(méi)有考試。
Concerned that mainstream schools were not preparing children for the global problems of thefuture – such as climate change – Moncarz envisioned a radically different kind of education, rooted in the primal skills of hunting, gathering and survival.
由于擔(dān)心主流學(xué)校沒(méi)有指導(dǎo)孩子為將來(lái)的全球性問(wèn)題——比如氣候變化——做好準(zhǔn)備,蒙卡茲設(shè)想出了一種截然不同的教育,這種教育基于打獵、覓食和生存等原始技能。
If the weather allows, pupils spend the majority of their day outdoors, exploring the NewZealand bush, learning to fish and hunt, trapping possums (which are considered a pest) andlearning about the flora and fauna of their home.
如果天氣允許的話(huà),學(xué)生大半天都會(huì)在戶(hù)外活動(dòng),探索新西蘭的叢林,學(xué)習(xí)釣魚(yú)和打獵,抓捕負(fù)鼠(負(fù)鼠被認(rèn)為是害畜),學(xué)習(xí)了解自家附近的動(dòng)植物。
The more traditional school skills, such as reading, writing and arithmetic, are acquired attheir own pace, after they begin showing an interest in them. Not, says Moncarz, when theteacher dictates it is time to learn.
至于那些更傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)校技能,比如閱讀、寫(xiě)作和算術(shù),學(xué)生將在產(chǎn)生興趣之后,按照自己的節(jié)奏來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。而不是由老師來(lái)發(fā)號(hào)施令說(shuō)該學(xué)習(xí)了,蒙卡茲說(shuō)道。
“We don’t have what you’d traditionally consider problem kids,” says Moncarz.
蒙卡茲說(shuō):“我們沒(méi)有人們傳統(tǒng)意義上認(rèn)為的問(wèn)題小孩。”
“Our parents saw their kids were unhappy and stressed in mainstream education and theystarted questioning; is it normal or right for kids to come home stressed and unhappy? Having taught in a mainstream school, I’d say most kids are stressed and unhappy.”
“我們學(xué)校的家長(zhǎng)看見(jiàn)他們的孩子在主流學(xué)校里不快樂(lè),壓力也很大,于是他們開(kāi)始質(zhì)疑:孩子們每天回家時(shí)都?jí)毫χ刂?、不開(kāi)心,這難道是正常的、是對(duì)的嗎?因?yàn)槲易约壕驮谥髁鲗W(xué)校里教過(guò)書(shū),所以我敢說(shuō)大部分孩子都有壓力,都不快樂(lè)。”
Bush school is registered with the Ministry of Education as an independent school, andtherefore does not have to abide by the standard New Zealand curriculum, although it issubject to ministerial oversight.
叢林學(xué)校在教育部登記為私立學(xué)校,因此不必按新西蘭標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程來(lái)教,不過(guò)它也要接受教育部的監(jiān)督。
Loosely inspired by the Sudbury Valley School in the US, which in turn was inspired by A.SNeill’s Summerhill school in the UK, since launching in January Moncarz has been fieldingrequests from around New Zealand and abroad to open chapters of Bush School in places as farafield as China and Europe.
這所學(xué)校是受到美國(guó)瑟谷學(xué)校的啟發(fā),而瑟谷學(xué)校又是受到英國(guó)AS奈爾夏山學(xué)校的啟發(fā)。自從一月份建校以來(lái),蒙卡茲就不斷收到新西蘭各地和國(guó)外請(qǐng)求開(kāi)立叢林學(xué)校分校的請(qǐng)求,這其中也有來(lái)自中國(guó)和歐洲的請(qǐng)求。
Dr David Berg, a senior lecturer in education at the University of Otago, says there is agrowing precedent for alternative “bush” schools worldwide, especially in Scandinavia, wheresome kindergarten children go ice-fishing during the school day.
奧塔哥大學(xué)教育系的高級(jí)講師戴維?伯格博士說(shuō),世界各地和叢林學(xué)校類(lèi)似的先鋒學(xué)校越來(lái)越多,尤其是在斯堪的納維亞,那里有些幼兒園的孩子在教學(xué)日去冰上釣魚(yú)。
Moncarz insists that the school isn’t an “experiment” in education, and is based on two millionyears of evidence of how parents have raised their kids, at one with nature.
蒙卡茲堅(jiān)稱(chēng),這所學(xué)校并不是教育上的“實(shí)驗(yàn)”,而是基于200萬(wàn)年來(lái)父母養(yǎng)育孩子的自然經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
“We don’t want to be one of a kind, we want to replace mainstream schools,” said Moncarz.
蒙卡茲說(shuō):“我們不想做獨(dú)一無(wú)二的學(xué)校,我們想替代主流學(xué)校。”
“We are using the same wisdom parents have used to teach their kids for millions of years. Locking kids in a classroom and forcing them to learn just causes a lot of problems.”
“我們用的是數(shù)百萬(wàn)年來(lái)父母教育孩子的智慧。把孩子關(guān)在教室里,強(qiáng)迫他們學(xué)習(xí)只會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多問(wèn)題。”
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