非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題復(fù)習(xí)
有很多同學(xué)對(duì)語(yǔ)法不是很熟悉,小編今天給大家講講我們高考語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn),大家有需要的可以收藏起來(lái)看一看哦。
【考點(diǎn)一】不定式作狀語(yǔ)
不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)往往用來(lái)作目的狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)。
1.不定式用來(lái)作目的狀語(yǔ):作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常也是全句的主語(yǔ),這里往往譯作“為了,想要”。
To be a winner,you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成為贏家,你要付出所有并竭盡全力。
2.不定式用于so...as to ...,such...as to;enough to;too...to;only to等結(jié)構(gòu)中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?
你能不能行行好,借給我你的自行車?
He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others.他如此愚蠢以至于認(rèn)為他奇怪的行為會(huì)影響他人。
He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out.
他匆忙去了售票處,結(jié)果被告訴所有的票已經(jīng)賣完了。
專家提醒:“only+to do”表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,tell 和主語(yǔ)He 之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,因而應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。而現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)則表示自然而然的結(jié)果。
His parents died,leaving him an orphan.
他的父母去世了,使他成為孤兒。
【經(jīng)典考題】
1. There were many talented actors out there just waiting________.
A.to discover B.to be discovered
C.discovered D.being discovered
解析: 句意為:很多有天賦的演員就在那里等待被發(fā)現(xiàn)。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。此題空格處用不定式來(lái)表示目的,而且actors與discover之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以B項(xiàng)為答案。
答案: B
2. —Why are the students working so hard these days.
—________ready for the coming entrance examination.
A.To get B.Get
C.Getting D.Got
解析: 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“為了即將來(lái)臨的入學(xué)考試準(zhǔn)備”可知,此句是省略句,不定式作狀語(yǔ),表示目的。
答案: A
3. With Father’s Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank________presents for my dad.
A.buy B.to buy
C.buying D.to have bought
解析: 句意為:父親節(jié)就要到了,我已經(jīng)從銀行取了些錢出來(lái)準(zhǔn)備給爸爸買些禮物。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。從語(yǔ)境看,本空在句中作目的狀語(yǔ),用不定式,因此A的動(dòng)詞原形、C的現(xiàn)在分詞、D的不定式完成式都不符合題意。
答案: B
【考點(diǎn)二】過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
1.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)一樣,修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,意義上相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句,表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨狀況等。
Given the right kind of training,these teenager soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果得到正確的訓(xùn)練,這些少年足球選手有朝一日可能成為國(guó)際明星。
Reminded not to miss the flight at 15∶20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
提醒不要錯(cuò)過(guò)15∶20的航班 ,他匆忙出發(fā)過(guò)了機(jī)場(chǎng)。
2.某些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化,且往往用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu)中。此時(shí)這些過(guò)去分詞既不表示被動(dòng),也不表示完成,而表示一種狀態(tài),這樣的詞有:lost(迷路的),seated(坐),hidden(躲),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿著),tired of(感到厭倦)等,不管它們作什么成分都不用其?ing形式。
Lost in the mountains for a week,we were finally saved by the local police.在大山里迷失一個(gè)星期,我們最終被當(dāng)?shù)鼐焖取?/p>
Absorbed in his book,he didn’t notice me enter the room.
專心讀書,他沒(méi)注意到我進(jìn)入房間。
【經(jīng)典考題】
1. ________from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
A.Seen B.Seeing
C.Having seen D.To see
解析: 句意為:從塔頂往下看,南邊的山腳下是一片樹(shù)的海洋。本題考查分詞作狀語(yǔ)。分詞作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)一致。主語(yǔ)the south foot of the mountain 與see 在邏輯上為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)表被動(dòng)。
答案: A
2. ________by a greater demand for green products,the food company has set higher standards to ensure the quality.
A.Driven B.Being driven
C.To drive D.Having driven
解析: 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。綠色食品的巨大需求使食品公司制訂了更高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以保證質(zhì)量。動(dòng)詞drive與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the food com pany 存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,因此應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去分詞。
答案: A
3. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace,________with his old one.
A.comparing B.compares
C.to compare D.compared
解析: 句意為:和舊房子相比,Michael的新房子就像一座巨大的宮殿。compare與邏輯主語(yǔ)Michael’s new house之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
答案: D
【考點(diǎn)三】過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
1.動(dòng)詞的?ing 短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)表示在進(jìn)行一動(dòng)作的同時(shí)所進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作,它對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞起修飾和陪襯的作用。動(dòng)詞的?ing形式作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況。
Being ill,he couldn’t go to school.
因?yàn)樯?,他不能去上學(xué)。(原因)
My car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.
我的車被交通擁擠堵住,所以延誤了。(結(jié)果)
As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not moving,and asked myself what I was going to do.(伴隨)
當(dāng)交通路燈變綠燈時(shí),我站了一會(huì)兒,一動(dòng)不動(dòng),自問(wèn)要做什么事。
2.現(xiàn)在分詞有:一般式、被動(dòng)式、完成式和完成被動(dòng)式四種形式,每一種形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not 構(gòu)成。一般式(doing)表示主動(dòng)的一般性的動(dòng)作或者正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;被動(dòng)式(being done)表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作;完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作;完成被動(dòng)式(having being done)表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。
Not having received a reply,he decided to write again.
沒(méi)有得到答復(fù),他決定再寫信去。
The old man,having worked abroad for twenty years,came back to his motherland.(work 與句子的主語(yǔ)The old man之間存在主謂關(guān)系,而且work這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前)
在國(guó)外工作了二十年,這位老人回到了祖國(guó)。
Having been scolded many times,he determined to study hard to catch up with others.
多次被批評(píng)之后,他決定努力學(xué)習(xí)趕上他人。
3.有一些固定結(jié)構(gòu),如:generally speaking,taking everything into consideration,judging from/by等,無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是什么都用這種形式作狀語(yǔ)。
Taking everything into consideration,the result is better than expected.
把一切因素考慮進(jìn)去,結(jié)果比預(yù)料的要好。
Judging from what he said,he must be an honest man.
從他說(shuō)的話來(lái)判斷,他一定是一位誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。
4.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:如果是意義上的主謂關(guān)系,一般用動(dòng)詞?ing形式;如果是意義上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,則一般用過(guò)去分詞。
Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks even more beautiful.從山頂上看,這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。(see 與主語(yǔ)the park之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)
Seeing from the top of the hill,we find the park even more beautiful.
從山頂上看,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。(see與主語(yǔ)we之間存在主謂關(guān)系)
【經(jīng)典考題】
1. Dina,________for months t o find a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A.struggling B.struggled
C.having struggled D.to struggle
解析: 句意為:幾個(gè)月以來(lái),Dina 一直努力想找一份女服務(wù)員的工作,最終她在當(dāng)?shù)匾患覐V告代理處謀到了一個(gè)職位。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。設(shè)空處與句子主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故排除B項(xiàng);不定式作狀語(yǔ)一般表示目的,故排除D項(xiàng);C項(xiàng)相當(dāng)于:Dina had_struggled_for_months to find a job as a waitress.而A項(xiàng)相當(dāng)于:Dina was_struggling_for_months to find a job as a waitress.根據(jù)句意可知,C項(xiàng)更符合要求,故為答案。
答案: C
2. ________at my classmates’ faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A.Looking B.Look
C.To look D.Looked
解析: 句意為:看著同學(xué)們的面孔,我從他們的眼中讀出了同樣的興奮。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。look 是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,故排除;to look 通常表目的,在此不符合題意;look 與I構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,D項(xiàng)被排除。
答案: A
3. ________a written permission,he had to write another letter to the president of the university.
A.Not giving B.Not having been given
C.Having not given D.Having not been given
解析: 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且其動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生,故用過(guò)去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式,選B。
答案: B
【考點(diǎn)四】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)
1.現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。
There are two roads before us,one leading to the beach,the other to the park.
在我們面前有兩條路,一條通向沙灘,另一條通向公園。
2.過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。
For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit grown on his own farm.
早飯他只喝自己農(nóng)場(chǎng)種植的新鮮水果榨出來(lái)的果汁。
3.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)多表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作。
We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
我們被邀請(qǐng)參加下周五在我們俱樂(lè)部舉行的聚會(huì)。
【經(jīng)典考題】
1. I’m afraid we’ll have to work extra hours,for there are still some problems________.
A.remaining to settle B.remaining to be settled
C.remained to talk about D.to remain to discuss
解析: 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),remain與problems 之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式;問(wèn)題是亟待被解決,故應(yīng)用to be settled。綜上所述可知答案為B。
答案: B
2. Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one________first is the library.
A.repaired B.being repaired
C.repairing D.to be repaired
解析: 句意為:本市有許多建筑需要維修,但首先該維修的是圖書館。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。the one(building)與repair之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故排除C項(xiàng);A項(xiàng)表已經(jīng)完成;B項(xiàng)表正在進(jìn)行;D項(xiàng)表將來(lái)。根據(jù)題意,正確答案為D項(xiàng)。
答案: D
3. I’m calling to enquire about the position________in yesterday’s China Daily.
A.advertised B.to be advertised
C.advertising D.having advertised
解析: 句意為:我打電話來(lái)是想詢問(wèn)一下有關(guān)昨天在《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》上刊登的招聘職位的情況。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)??崭裉幉糠肿鱬osition 的定語(yǔ),與position 在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,根據(jù)句意“職位已在昨天的報(bào)紙上被刊登”,表示被動(dòng)及完成,故A項(xiàng)符合題意。
答案: A
【考點(diǎn)五】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)
1.過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),句中的賓語(yǔ)往往就是其邏輯主語(yǔ),該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
I’ll have my house painted tomorrow.
明天我會(huì)讓人把我的房子粉刷一下。(被動(dòng))
When I opened the door,I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.
當(dāng)我打開(kāi)門時(shí),我發(fā)現(xiàn)地面被落葉所覆蓋。
2.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),句中的賓語(yǔ)往往就是其邏輯主語(yǔ),該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間存在主謂關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作過(guò)程的一個(gè)部分。可以帶有這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有see,watch,hear,obser ve,feel,find,have,keep等。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他們使用電腦使交通暢通無(wú)阻。
【經(jīng)典考題】
1. Listen!Do you hear someone________for help?
A.calling B.call
C.to call D.called
解析: 句意為:聽(tīng)!你聽(tīng)到有人正在求救嗎?本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。設(shè)空處與賓語(yǔ)之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故排除D項(xiàng);不定式作感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)要省去to且不表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,故排除C項(xiàng);因?yàn)楸硎緞?dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,故排除B項(xiàng);現(xiàn)在分詞calling 表主動(dòng)且表正在進(jìn)行,故為答案。
答案: A
2. Alexander t ried to get his work________in the medical circles.
A.to recognize B.recognizing
C.recognize D.recognized
解析: 句意為:Alexander 試圖使自己的工作在醫(yī)學(xué)界得到認(rèn)可。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。get sth.done 表示使某事物被做,如get my hair cut 表示理發(fā);get her finger burnt 表示她的手指被燒傷。
答案: D
3.(2011?哈爾濱檢測(cè))It’s wonderful to hike with Dad and I have felt________with him.
A.to protected B.protected
C.protecting D.to be protected
解析: 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境知felt 與protect 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,排除選項(xiàng)A和C;和父親一起的徒步旅行已經(jīng)結(jié)束,排除選項(xiàng)D。
答案: B
【 考點(diǎn)六】have, get后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)
have,get 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),其中have,get表示“使、讓、叫”之意。
1.have sth.done=get sth.done 使/讓某事由別人去做(叫/讓某人做某事)
I’ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天得(請(qǐng)人)修一下我的自行車。
Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
史密斯先生在度假期間,他家的房子被別人破門而入。
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注意: have sb.doing 若用于否定句中,其中have 有“容忍”之意。
I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.
我不允許你和你父親那樣講話。
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【經(jīng)典考題】
1. —Hurry up,Mary! It’s time to go.
—I’m getting________.Have a little patience.
A.dress B.dressing
C.to dress D.dressed
解析: 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。get dressed是一個(gè)固定的詞組,表示“穿衣服”。語(yǔ)意:——Mary,快點(diǎn),我們?cè)撟吡恕?mdash;—稍等下,我正在穿衣服呢。
答案: D
2.(2010?山東卷)I have a lot of readings________before the end of this term.
A.completing B.to complete
C.completed D.being completed
解析: 句意為:本學(xué)期結(jié)束前我有許多閱讀要完成??疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。have sth.to do有某事要做,to do的邏輯主語(yǔ)需和主句主語(yǔ)一致;當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),可用have sth.to be done結(jié)構(gòu)。
答案: B
3.(2009?重慶卷)With the world changing fast,we have something new ________ with all by ourselves every day.
A.deal B.dealt
C.to deal D.dealing
解析: 本題考查不定式作定語(yǔ)。句意為:隨著世界的快速變化,我們每天都有新的問(wèn)題要獨(dú)自處理。have something to deal,動(dòng)詞deal 邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是we,也就是句子的主語(yǔ)。
答案: C
4.(2010?東城練習(xí)二)Every year,Tom remembers to have some flowers________to her mother on her birthday.
A.send B.sent
C.sending D.being sent
解析: 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。have something done表示某事被做。
答案: B
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