高中英語(yǔ)美文摘抄帶翻譯欣賞
高中英語(yǔ)美文摘抄帶翻譯欣賞
英語(yǔ)美文誦讀有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感,提高學(xué)生表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性,豐富學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)口頭表達(dá)內(nèi)容,發(fā)展學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、寫(xiě)能力。本文是高中英語(yǔ)美文摘抄帶翻譯，希望對(duì)大家有幫助!
高中英語(yǔ)美文摘抄帶翻譯：Evolution of Sleep
Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles.
There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal's vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it? Wilse Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.
睡眠的進(jìn)化
睡眠是古老的。 從腦電圖上看，我們?nèi)祟?lèi)和所有靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物以及幾乎所有的哺乳動(dòng)物和鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)都一樣需要睡眠;甚至爬行類(lèi)動(dòng)物也有睡眠。 有證據(jù)顯示，有夢(mèng)睡眠和無(wú)夢(mèng)睡眠這兩種類(lèi)型的睡眠取決于該動(dòng)物的生活方式。 從統(tǒng)計(jì)上看，食肉動(dòng)物比被捕食動(dòng)物有更多的有夢(mèng)睡眠，而被捕食動(dòng)物更多地?zé)o夢(mèng)睡眠。 動(dòng)物在有夢(mèng)睡眠時(shí)，被有效地解除動(dòng)作能力，并且對(duì)外界刺激缺乏反應(yīng)。 無(wú)夢(mèng)睡眠則要淺得多。 我們都看到過(guò)貓和狗在顯然的酣睡中，有一點(diǎn)響動(dòng)耳朵就會(huì)豎起來(lái)。 被捕食動(dòng)物很少有深度的有夢(mèng)睡眠，這看來(lái)顯然是自然選擇的結(jié)果。 而且這一點(diǎn)是有道理的：當(dāng)睡眠高度進(jìn)化以后，愚笨的動(dòng)物比聰明的動(dòng)物更少在深度睡眠狀態(tài)下喪失動(dòng)作能力。但是動(dòng)物為什么要進(jìn)入深度睡眠呢?為什么這樣的無(wú)動(dòng)作狀態(tài)也會(huì)進(jìn)化出來(lái)呢?海豚、鯨魚(yú)以及水生哺乳動(dòng)物睡眠都極少，這一事實(shí)可以給睡眠的根本功能提供有用的線索。 海洋中是沒(méi)有藏身之處的。 會(huì)不會(huì)是這樣，睡眠不但不增加動(dòng)物受傷害的可能性，反而是減少了這種可能性呢?佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)的Wilse Webb 和倫敦大學(xué)的Ray Meddis 認(rèn)為情況就是如此。 可以想像得出，在危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)刻，那些由于太愚笨而不能自動(dòng)保持安靜的動(dòng)物，會(huì)不由自主地變得動(dòng)彈不得。 這一點(diǎn)在食肉動(dòng)物的幼獸身上表現(xiàn)得特別明顯。 這是一個(gè)很有意思的看法，它至少部分是正確的。
高中英語(yǔ)美文摘抄帶翻譯：Evolution and Wheels
In the past, evolutionary biologists contemplating the absence of wheels in nature agreed thatthe explanation was not undesirability: wheels would be good for animals, just as they are forus. Animals were prevented from evolving wheels, the biologists reasoned, by the followingdilemma: living cells in an animal's body are connected to the heart by blood vessels, and tothe brain by nerves. Because a rotating joint is essential to a wheel, a wheel made of livingcells would twist its artery vein and nerve connections at the first revolution, making livingimpracticable.
However, there is a flaw in the argument that the evolution of wheeled animals was thwartedby the insoluble joint problem. The theory fails to explain why animals have not evolvedwheels of dead tissue with no need for arteries and nerves. Countless animals, including us,bear external structures without blood supply or nerves - for example, our hair andfingernails, or the scales, claws, and ho rns of other animals. Why have rats not evolved bonywheels, similar to roller skates?Paws might be more useful than wheels in some situations, butcats' claws are retractable: why not retractable wheels?We thus arrive at the serious biologicalparadox flippantly termed the RRR dilemma: nature's failure to produce rats with retractableroller skates.
進(jìn)化與輪子
從前，研究自然界沒(méi)有輪子的進(jìn)化論生物學(xué)家都同意不能用無(wú)此需要來(lái)解釋這種現(xiàn)象：輪子對(duì)于動(dòng)物會(huì)像對(duì)于我們?nèi)祟?lèi)一樣有好處。 生物學(xué)家們推論，動(dòng)物沒(méi)有進(jìn)化出輪子是由下述困難所致：動(dòng)物身上的活細(xì)胞通過(guò)血管與心臟相連，通過(guò)神經(jīng)與大腦相連。 因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)的接頭對(duì)輪子來(lái)說(shuō)是至關(guān)重要的，由活的細(xì)胞構(gòu)成的輪子在第一次轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)便會(huì)扭傷其上的動(dòng)脈和神經(jīng)的連結(jié)，因而不現(xiàn)實(shí)。
不過(guò)，動(dòng)物未能進(jìn)化出輪子是受阻于無(wú)法解決接頭問(wèn)題的說(shuō)法有一個(gè)缺陷。 這種理論無(wú)法解釋為何動(dòng)物沒(méi)有進(jìn)化出由死組織構(gòu)成的而無(wú)需動(dòng)脈和神經(jīng)的輪子。 包括人在內(nèi)的無(wú)數(shù)動(dòng)物都有一些沒(méi)有血液供應(yīng)和神經(jīng)的體外構(gòu)造，例如，我們的頭發(fā)和指甲，或者鱗片、爪子和其它一些動(dòng)物的角。為什么老鼠沒(méi)有進(jìn)化出類(lèi)似于滑輪溜冰鞋的骨質(zhì)的輪子呢?在某些情況下，爪子可能比輪子更有用，但貓的爪子是可以伸縮的： 為什么不能有可以伸縮的輪子呢?這樣，我們便得出了一個(gè)被戲稱(chēng)為RRR 的嚴(yán)肅的生物學(xué)悖論：大自然未能產(chǎn)生出有可伸縮的滑輪溜冰鞋的老鼠。
高中英語(yǔ)美文摘抄帶翻譯：Electricity
The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions,and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is apower failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets becausethere are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators.
Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuriesago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for millions of years. Scientists arediscovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricitythat could benefit humanity.
All living cells send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses ofrecord; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well theheart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded inan electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremelysmall -- often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in someanimals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they donot work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cells are linked together, theeffects can be astonishing.
The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can send a jolt of as much as eight hundredvolts of electricity through the water in which it lives. (An electric house current is only onehundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel's body arespecialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver correspondsroughly to the length of its body.
電
當(dāng)今時(shí)代是電氣時(shí)代。 人們對(duì)電燈、收音機(jī)、電視和電話早已司空見(jiàn)慣以致很難想象沒(méi)有它們生活會(huì)變成什么樣。 當(dāng)停電時(shí)，人們?cè)趽u曳不定的燭光下暗中摸索; 因沒(méi)有紅綠燈的指示，汽車(chē)在道路上遲疑不前;冰箱也停止工作，導(dǎo)致食物變質(zhì)。人們只是在兩個(gè)世紀(jì)前一點(diǎn)才開(kāi)始了解電的使用原理，自然界卻顯然在這方面經(jīng)歷過(guò)了數(shù)百萬(wàn)年。 科學(xué)家不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)許多生物世界里可能有益于人類(lèi)的關(guān)于電的有趣秘密。所有生物細(xì)胞都會(huì)發(fā)出微小的電脈沖。 當(dāng)心臟跳動(dòng)時(shí)，把它發(fā)出的脈沖記錄下來(lái)就成了心電圖，這可讓醫(yī)生了解心臟的工作狀況。大腦也發(fā)出腦電波，這可在腦電圖上記錄下來(lái)。 許多生物細(xì)胞發(fā)出的電流都是極微小的，小到要用靈敏儀器才能記錄和測(cè)量。 但一些動(dòng)物的某些肌肉細(xì)胞能轉(zhuǎn)化成一個(gè)個(gè)發(fā)電機(jī)，以致完全失去肌肉細(xì)胞的功能。 這種細(xì)胞大量地連接在一起時(shí)產(chǎn)生的效果將是非常令人吃驚的。電鰻就是一種令人驚異的蓄電池。 它可以在水中發(fā)出相當(dāng)于 800 伏特電壓電流(家庭用戶的電壓只有 120 伏特)。 在電鰻的身體里，多至五分之四的細(xì)胞都專(zhuān)門(mén)用來(lái)發(fā)電，而且發(fā)出的電流的強(qiáng)度大約和它身體的長(zhǎng)度成正比。
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