考研英語(yǔ)必背范文30篇(2)
考研英語(yǔ)必背范文30篇
Direction 23
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the picture;
2. interpret the meaning of the picture;
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
這道題的出題方式我們已遇到多次了，是“描述圖畫(huà)+闡釋含義+作出評(píng)論”的模式，這種模式在寫(xiě)作中的靈活程度比較大。
Sample:
In the picture, a young man asks an old man, “What can be got without pains in this world?” The old man replies, “There is only one thing: poverty.”
Looking at the drawing, I think a lot. It tells us that we have to make strenuous efforts whenever we want to be successful in a particular field. How can a person achieve his ultimate goal without long?time practices and continuous attempts?
A good case in point is mountaineering. Nobody is born a good mountain climber, and one can only become a skilled one after countless injuries. The scenery at the mountaintop is fantastic, but the road to the summit is always rough and full of hardships and dangers. Isn’t scientific research the same? Countless sleepless nights, thousands of failures and even more—all of these are part of a scientist’s life. Only a few of them can make great scientific breakthroughs, and all of these people are the most persevering.
On the contrary, if a person is determined to live an idle life, and wait for God to put something in his hands, then that thing should and could only be poverty. If a person has neither ideal nor the determination to live better and let others live better, his existence is not meaningful at all.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
這篇文章共分四段：首段是描述圖畫(huà);次段是總結(jié)寓意;第三段是舉例說(shuō)明;第四段是下結(jié)論。該文最引人注目之處是第三個(gè)段落，整段舉了兩個(gè)例子。我們?cè)诙嗄甑目佳虚喚碇邪l(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)同學(xué)的舉例是不成功的。舉例子要具備兩個(gè)條件才能成功，一是典型——既要緊扣主題，又要具有代表性，能夠震撼人心，切忌不痛不癢;二是精練——用簡(jiǎn)潔的話語(yǔ)表達(dá)深刻的意義，切忌拖泥帶水。本文第三段在這點(diǎn)上很值得學(xué)習(xí)。
文章第一段非常簡(jiǎn)潔。第二段的首句是過(guò)渡性的句子，次句直接對(duì)圖畫(huà)的意義做出總結(jié)——無(wú)論我們想在哪個(gè)領(lǐng)域獲得成功，都必須付出艱辛的努力。接著采用了語(yǔ)氣非常強(qiáng)烈的反問(wèn)句——沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的實(shí)踐和不斷的努力，一個(gè)人又怎能實(shí)現(xiàn)最終的目標(biāo)?第三段包括了兩個(gè)例子，一個(gè)是登山，一個(gè)是科學(xué)研究。第四段是結(jié)尾段落，首先與第三段是相對(duì)的，其次又呼應(yīng)了文章的首段，非常精妙。該段共有兩句話，第一句話說(shuō)如果一個(gè)人下定決心要過(guò)閑散的生活，等著上天在他手中放上某樣?xùn)|西，那么這樣?xùn)|西就只能是貧窮。第二句話進(jìn)一步說(shuō)，如果一個(gè)人既沒(méi)有理想也沒(méi)有決心讓自己和別人過(guò)得更好，那么他的存在就失去了意義。第二句話與第一句采用了同樣的句式，語(yǔ)氣卻更加強(qiáng)烈，給人留下了很深刻的印象。該段第一句話中的should and could be...是一個(gè)高級(jí)用法，意思是“將會(huì)是而且只能是”。
心得：
我們重點(diǎn)來(lái)看一下舉例的段落，即第三段。該段共有六句話。第一句話引出了登山。第二句話是一個(gè)經(jīng)典句子，沒(méi)有人生來(lái)就是一個(gè)好的登山者，一個(gè)人只有在無(wú)數(shù)傷痛后才能成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)——該句的內(nèi)在邏輯聯(lián)系非常強(qiáng)。第三句話說(shuō)山頂?shù)娘L(fēng)光綺麗，但通往頂點(diǎn)的路卻充滿艱辛(句中有平行名詞的用法)。第四句話采用反問(wèn)句巧妙過(guò)渡到科學(xué)研究上來(lái)。第五句先用平行的名詞詞組，而后在破折號(hào)后寫(xiě)道“所有這些都是科學(xué)家生活的一部分”相當(dāng)獨(dú)特。注意句中part一定不要加冠詞。最后一句寫(xiě)道，他們中只有一小部分人能取得重大的科學(xué)突破，而這些人又都是最堅(jiān)忍之人。
請(qǐng)大家仔細(xì)學(xué)習(xí)這一段落。一是該段的構(gòu)建方法，看句子與句子是怎樣有機(jī)結(jié)合，層層推進(jìn)，構(gòu)成一個(gè)理想的段落的。二是學(xué)習(xí)本段的舉例方法。例子是用來(lái)說(shuō)明道理的，如果能說(shuō)到點(diǎn)子上，說(shuō)得透徹，就一定能服人。
Direction 24
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the picture,
2. interpret the meaning of the picture;
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
《踢皮球》圖畫(huà)題最常見(jiàn)的有兩種情況，一是寫(xiě)世間的哲理，一是寫(xiě)常見(jiàn)的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或社會(huì)問(wèn)題，這里是后一種情形。簡(jiǎn)單的圖畫(huà)，深刻的寓意——這是當(dāng)前圖畫(huà)題最主要的趨勢(shì)之一。
拿到這個(gè)題目后，我們認(rèn)為它和其它的一些題目反映的情況不盡相同——隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，顧客被生產(chǎn)者和銷(xiāo)售商推來(lái)搡去的現(xiàn)象已大有改觀，所以我們可以這樣來(lái)安排全文——首段描述圖畫(huà)，次段以自身感受為基礎(chǔ)，描述過(guò)去的這種情形，第三段寫(xiě)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)大為改善的情況，末段下結(jié)論。
Sample:
The picture describes a match of kicking the ball: the person on the left has just kicked the ball toward the person on the right, who has already been ready to kick the ball back. A close examination will help us find out that this is a match between the producer and the seller—both of them refuse to take on the responsibility whenever the customer reports a problem.
We can’t forget those days in the past when we went shopping. The shop assistant was so cold and indifferent that we usually had to wait for long. We often had no right of comparing and selecting. Later when we found there was something wrong with the product, the chance of getting it exchanged was slim, not to mention returning it to the shop. The shop always said the producer was to blame, and if we went to the producer directly, the latter would say that it was not common practice for a customer to contact the producer. Even if we finally succeeded in exchanging the product, it always took too much time and wasted too much energy.
In the present environment of market economy, we are happy to see that the situation in our nation has improved significantly. When a customer is not satisfied with a product, he is entitled to return it to the store and get refunded during a certain period of time. If that time limit has passed, the customer still has the right to get the product exchanged.
In this era of fast economic development, both the producer and the seller should first cater to the needs of the customer. Anyone who fails to do so will be driven out of the market sooner or later.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
首段先寫(xiě)看到一場(chǎng)足球比賽，而后仔細(xì)一看，原來(lái)是生產(chǎn)者和銷(xiāo)售商在產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí)將消費(fèi)者推來(lái)搡去。
第二段用六句話描述我們?cè)?jīng)有過(guò)的痛苦的經(jīng)歷。第一句話是個(gè)引子。第二、三句描寫(xiě)購(gòu)物時(shí)不愉快的經(jīng)歷。第四句說(shuō)發(fā)現(xiàn)質(zhì)量問(wèn)題后，要換非常麻煩，更用不著說(shuō)是退了。第五句話生動(dòng)地再現(xiàn)了銷(xiāo)售者和生產(chǎn)商都拒絕負(fù)責(zé)的情形。末句說(shuō)即使最后商品得以調(diào)換，也花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間和精力——話語(yǔ)中充滿了無(wú)奈。
第三段說(shuō)現(xiàn)在的情況已大幅改善。顧客有權(quán)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)退貨，如果期限已過(guò)，也可以換貨。段中be entitled to表示“有權(quán)利做某事”，refund表示“退款”。
末段總結(jié)。第一句說(shuō)在這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的時(shí)期，生產(chǎn)商和銷(xiāo)售商都應(yīng)把顧客的需求放在首位。第二句反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)，任何做不到的人都遲早會(huì)被市場(chǎng)淘汰。
心得：
首段由遠(yuǎn)及近的寫(xiě)法非常有效。第二段以時(shí)間為線索，描述了過(guò)去不愉快的經(jīng)歷。這一段以時(shí)間為線索，所以即使句子較多，也絲毫不顯得凌亂。第三段說(shuō)明了現(xiàn)在的情形，與第二段形成鮮明的對(duì)比。末段正說(shuō)加反說(shuō)的辦法很有說(shuō)服力。
Direction 25
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the picture;
2. interpret the meaning of the picture;
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
該圖畫(huà)描寫(xiě)的是一個(gè)敏感的社會(huì)問(wèn)題——平價(jià)藥店受到各方遏制的現(xiàn)象。這篇文章的難度比較高。在描述圖畫(huà)后，可分三段來(lái)寫(xiě)：先寫(xiě)藥價(jià)偏高的現(xiàn)象，再寫(xiě)平價(jià)藥店的崛起及受到的壓制，最后寫(xiě)解決辦法。
Sample:
We can see from the picture that several people are condemning a person so violently that it seems that some of them even want to beat him hard. The person has crouched down, with virtually no possibility of striking back. After looking at the picture carefully, we realize that the low?price drugstore has evoked anger and even hatred in many drug factories, various dealers, traditional drugstores and hospitals.
As we all know, the price of drugs in our nation has been too high for quite a long time. After drugs are produced in factories, they go first to the chief dealer, then the subsidiary dealer, and then finally to the hospitals and drugstores. Such a traditional mode of drug circulation drove the total medical expenses higher, putting a heavy burden on urban and rural residents alike.
The rise of low?price drugstores changes the situation completely. When drugs succeed in flowing to such drugstores immediately after production, the cost of management becomes much lower, thus selling drugs at a much lower and reasonable price also becomes possible. But such operation irritates many parties who feel that their interests have been hurt in the process. Among them are dealers, traditional drugstores, hospitals and even some factories. When all of them combine to oppose the newcomers, the existence of these new drugstores is at risk.
I believe that the government should endeavor first to foster such drugstores and then to reform the drug circulation and the medical system as a whole. When we give priority to the interests of the common people, the making of a harmonious society will not be difficult.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
該文共分四段。第一段還是采用先描寫(xiě)圖畫(huà)表層表現(xiàn)的打斗場(chǎng)面，而后再進(jìn)一步引出本文的主題——新生的平價(jià)藥店受到各方打壓。
第二段寫(xiě)了藥價(jià)過(guò)高的現(xiàn)象及其原因。主要原因就是藥店流通環(huán)節(jié)過(guò)多，層層加價(jià)，給居民帶來(lái)了巨大的負(fù)擔(dān)。
第三段先寫(xiě)了平價(jià)藥店的誕生改變了當(dāng)前的局面。之后寫(xiě)了它們激怒了利益受損的各方，其中有銷(xiāo)售商、傳統(tǒng)藥店、醫(yī)院和一些藥廠。當(dāng)它們?nèi)浩鸸ブ畷r(shí)，新的平價(jià)藥店的生存就受到了威脅。
第四段寫(xiě)政府應(yīng)當(dāng)扶植這些平價(jià)藥店，并改革藥品流通和整個(gè)醫(yī)療體系。最后進(jìn)一步說(shuō)，當(dāng)我們首先考慮普通大眾的利益時(shí)，和諧社會(huì)的構(gòu)建就不是難事了。
心得：
這篇文章涉及的話題比較難寫(xiě)，我們?nèi)绻麑?duì)此問(wèn)題并不是非常熟悉，就不必深入去寫(xiě)，因?yàn)榭疾斓闹攸c(diǎn)是語(yǔ)言，這一點(diǎn)大家切記。
下面來(lái)看一些重點(diǎn)的詞和詞組。
首段首句中的condemn意即“聲討”。次句中的crouch表示“蜷縮”。第三句中的evoke表示“激起”。
第二段中的drug circulation意思是“藥品流通”。
第三段第二句中flow的意思是“流通”，the cost of management表示“管理成本”。第三句中的irritate表示“激怒”。末句的at risk表示“受到威脅”。
末段首句的endeavor表示“努力”，后接不定式。次句中的give priority to表示“優(yōu)先考慮”，harmonious society表示“和諧社會(huì)”。
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Directions 16
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the picture;
2. interpret the meaning;
3. suggest possible solutions.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
該文的圖畫(huà)畫(huà)了兩個(gè)人望樓興嘆，很明顯該文談的是我國(guó)當(dāng)前的房?jī)r(jià)過(guò)高、房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)如何良性發(fā)展的問(wèn)題。
Sample:
In the picture, two people are talking about a newly built set of apartment buildings. One says, “It is too expensive.” The other goes on to say, “How can we afford it?” It is obvious that the drawer of this picture wants to draw our attention towards our real estate industry.
Nowadays, our real estate industry has experienced such an unprecedented boom that all of us begin to consider it as too hot in one way or another. The average price has been soaring for quite a few years. In some big cities it seems to be out of control—it has been nearly impossible for the common local citizens to afford a satisfactory apartment in the downtown area. Consequently, how to create a healthier and more reasonable property market has been a problem of great importance.
Among all the possible measures, I believe the following ones are the most appropriate. In the first place, the legislators should establish a series of policies so as to curb speculation and thus keep the price of houses at a reasonable level. In the second place, the governments at all levels should make better use of the limited land resources by building theme communities in the suburbs. Last but by no means the least, more economically affordable housing should be built so as to relieve the burden of common citizens.
Only through the joint efforts of all sides can we realize the healthy development of our housing market. Until that time, our people will surely possess their own houses and enjoy a better and more harmonious life.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
該文分為四段來(lái)寫(xiě)。第一段先描寫(xiě)兩個(gè)人的對(duì)話。之后末句引到主題上，即我國(guó)的房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)。
第二段先寫(xiě)當(dāng)前房地產(chǎn)過(guò)熱，而后說(shuō)價(jià)格猛漲。在某些大城市里房?jī)r(jià)似乎失控——人們無(wú)力購(gòu)房。末句寫(xiě)創(chuàng)造健康理性的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)成為了重要問(wèn)題。
第三段分三點(diǎn)來(lái)寫(xiě)應(yīng)采取的措施。
最后一段做結(jié)，第一句承上段說(shuō)只有各方通力合作才能實(shí)現(xiàn)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的健康發(fā)展。第二句說(shuō)到那個(gè)時(shí)候，人們將能擁有自己的房屋并享受更好更和諧的生活。這一句是呼應(yīng)第一段，非常重要。
心得：
文中real estate industry是“房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)”，而property market和housing market指的是房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)。
首段末句是引出主題的句子，請(qǐng)大家用心識(shí)記。
第二段首句是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。第三句有破折號(hào)的用法。第四句中有平行的形容詞比較級(jí)的用法，相當(dāng)精彩。
第三段首句是模板句。第二句中的curb speculation表示“遏制投機(jī)”。第三句中的theme communities表示“主題社區(qū)”。第四句中的economically affordable housing表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房”。
末段首句是倒裝句，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈。第二句有兩處平行結(jié)構(gòu)，先有平行的動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)，后有形容詞比較級(jí)的平行，非常引人注目，特別是后面一對(duì)，一個(gè)是以er結(jié)尾，一個(gè)是加more，顯得錯(cuò)落有致。
Directions 17
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the picture;
2. interpret the meaning;
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
這道題目比較特殊——圖畫(huà)上沒(méi)有對(duì)話，只有一個(gè)忘情彈奏的人，下面有一句極富哲理的話。而提綱中的第二點(diǎn)和第三點(diǎn)分別是闡釋含義和作出評(píng)論，而不是具體的指令，這樣寫(xiě)來(lái)難度更大，自由度也更大。
Sample:
As can be seen from the picture, a person is playing the piano—he is so much immersed in the beautiful music that he seems to forget completely what is going on around him. The Chinese characters below the picture say: Writing is like playing the piano—first you must learn to play by the rules, then you must forget the rules and play from your heart. What significant and thought?provoking words they are!
To me, writing is a life?long endeavor: it is often hard and frustrating at the beginning, but it often becomes enjoyable and fruitful as time goes by. First, you have to learn the fundamental knowledge and acquire the simple skills, just as you must know the keys on a piano before you can really produce a whole piece of music. Afterwards, I believe there should a prolonged period of practice, largely characterized by recitation, analysis and imitation. This is the period when we fully understand and deeply appreciate the beauty and excellence of masterpieces. This is also the period when we apply the particular skills of manipulating words, fabricating sentences and creating paragraphs by imitating great writers directly. Finally, when all of this is done, one day we will suddenly forget all those rules and regulations—like a bird flying freely in the sky, we begin to take on our own styles. We can eventually express our ideas, feelings and emotions smoothly—like beautiful notes, words spring out from our hearts one after another, until they merge into a stream or even a river. At that time, we can be sure to say that we begin to understand what writing is.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
這篇文章寫(xiě)成了兩段而不是三段，是非常特殊的。如果提綱中的第二點(diǎn)和第三點(diǎn)分別是給出原因和解決辦法，就不能這么寫(xiě)。
第一段分別描述了忘情彈奏的人和圖下面的一句話，而后末句用了一個(gè)感嘆句。
第二段是關(guān)鍵段落。首先是總結(jié)性的話語(yǔ)。而后以時(shí)間為線索分三個(gè)階段來(lái)寫(xiě)。第一個(gè)階段只有一句話，用了類(lèi)比法：你得先學(xué)會(huì)寫(xiě)作的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和簡(jiǎn)單技能，就象認(rèn)識(shí)鋼琴上的鍵一樣。第二個(gè)階段有三句話，先說(shuō)這個(gè)階段是以背誦、分析和模仿為特征的一般較長(zhǎng)的練習(xí)時(shí)期。而后兩句話作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，這兩句話是平行的：這是我們能夠完全理解和欣賞經(jīng)典杰作之美的時(shí)期，也是我們通過(guò)直接模仿大作家來(lái)應(yīng)用具體的詞、句、段的技能的時(shí)期。第三個(gè)階段共有三句話。首先說(shuō)當(dāng)所有這些都完成之后，我們有一天會(huì)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己忘記了所有的規(guī)則——就象一只自由飛翔的鳥(niǎo)兒，我們開(kāi)始有了自己的風(fēng)格。而后說(shuō)我們終于能夠自由地表達(dá)思想和情感——就象美妙的樂(lè)章一樣，詞從我們的心中噴涌而出，直到匯成小溪或河流。最后一句說(shuō)，直到那時(shí)，我們知道我們開(kāi)始理解寫(xiě)作了。最后這句結(jié)語(yǔ)舉重若輕，效果卻很強(qiáng)烈，就象米開(kāi)朗基羅彌留之際說(shuō)的自己開(kāi)始懂得一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)繪畫(huà)了一樣，看似平淡，卻非常具有震撼力。
心得：
一般說(shuō)來(lái)，哲理性的文章是相當(dāng)有難度的。本文是一篇以類(lèi)比來(lái)表達(dá)深刻道理的文章，這就需要大家先弄清一對(duì)事物之間的類(lèi)比關(guān)系，體會(huì)其中的妙處，再一步步地深入細(xì)致地進(jìn)行描述，這是不容易的。請(qǐng)大家仔細(xì)研讀范文，必能在這方面有所收獲。
在行文中，不斷地體現(xiàn)開(kāi)始的這種類(lèi)比關(guān)系，能使主題進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)。這在第二段的第一個(gè)和第三個(gè)時(shí)期均有明顯的體現(xiàn)。
Direction18
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the picture,
2. list the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization;
3. draw your conclusion.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
由于提綱清晰，這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)易于把握：先描述圖畫(huà)，之后分兩段來(lái)說(shuō)城市化的利與弊，最后下結(jié)論。
Sample:
In the picture, we see a newly emerging community: there are supermarkets, schools, banks and hospitals. A resident tells us, “Eight years ago it was still the countryside.” The history of reform and opening?up is the history of rapid economic development; it is also the history of large?scale urbanization of our nation.
I firmly believe that the advantages of urbanization are many. First, when more and more people flood into cities, the city is often becoming bigger and bigger and many people move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs. This trend of urban construction is beneficial to future city development as a whole. Second, it provides more development opportunities for big cities. With more and more people coming to the city, urban development is experiencing a new round of leaping forward.
Urbanization may also bring a series of unfavorable consequences. First, the farmland in the country is shrinking. Second, sometimes, the rural land, rivers and air are polluted. When more and more new factories are set up, the surrounding environment is likely to decay. In my mind, it is not necessarily the result. Finally, the young people who still practice farming are becoming fewer and fewer. Some of them go to big cities to pursue a better life. Some of them stay at home, but begin to do business or work in local factories.
All in all, urbanization brings more benefits than problems. The present society is experiencing great changes—what we should be sure is that we strike a balance between economical development and environmental protection.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
在提綱中出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞，是少見(jiàn)的，我們一定要抓住這里的重要信息。這里的urbanization即是文章討論的主題。
文章共分四段。首段在描述圖畫(huà)后做了小結(jié)，巧妙引入本文主題——城市化。第二段與第三段分別談?wù)摮鞘谢睦捅住５诙瘟信e了城市化的兩個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。第三段寫(xiě)了城市化的三個(gè)缺點(diǎn)。第四段下結(jié)論——城市化的利大于弊。
心得：
該文結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單，解決了結(jié)構(gòu)問(wèn)題后，我們就應(yīng)該在語(yǔ)言上面多下功夫。
首段末句使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)與分號(hào)引出本文主題——城市化，非常引人注目。次段第一點(diǎn)中的move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs這一詞組是同一動(dòng)詞接不同地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的情形。第二點(diǎn)中的With more and more people coming to the city是介詞引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。第三段第一點(diǎn)中的shrink表示縮減，用在這里很妥當(dāng)。第二點(diǎn)中的decay表示“變壞”。第三點(diǎn)中的pursue表示“追求”。末段的第二句中有破折號(hào)的用法。
Direction 19
Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the table;
2. give possible reasons for the change;
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
年份 1999 2000 2001 2002
我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)人數(shù)(萬(wàn)人) 575 595 681 770
我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率(%) 3.1 3.1 3.6 4.0
審題：
這是一道圖表題。在考研的大作文中，近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)幾率最大的是圖畫(huà)題，而圖表題出現(xiàn)的幾率就要小一些。與圖畫(huà)題相似，圖表題的首段總是要描述圖表。按照這篇文章的提綱，第二段應(yīng)寫(xiě)成描寫(xiě)原因的段落。第三點(diǎn)提綱是給出評(píng)論，對(duì)于社會(huì)問(wèn)題類(lèi)的情形，一般寫(xiě)作解決問(wèn)題的辦法。最后可有一段做結(jié)。
Sample:
As can be seen from the table, the number of registered unemployed persons in urban areas of our nation has increased from 5.75 million in 1999 to 7.7 million in 2002. Accordingly, the registered unemployment rate in urban areas has jumped from 3.1 percent to 4 percent during the same period.
In my mind, the reasons why the unemployment rate of our nation has been on the rise are as follows. First of all, under market economy, private factories and foreign companies take the lead in improving efficiency and lowering the cost—in the due process, cutting the number of employees is always a choice. Furthermore, state?owned enterprises also have been undergoing fundamental changes. The traditional mode of high employment, low salary has largely been reformed to keep pace with the economic take?off. In such a transformation period, some of them fail to meet the needs of the market, and finally go bankrupt, leaving many more people jobless.
To successfully cope with the present problem, several measures should be taken. On the one hand, the government should create more job opportunities by gradually optimizing the industrial structure. On the other hand, the employees should seize every chance to improve personal skills. With higher expertise, they are able to stand up to the challenges of a new job.
Such problems are largely the natural result of the rapid economic development initiated by the reform and opening?up policy. When all of us have the courage to face the challenge and the determination to adapt to the change, a sound solution will not be far away.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
本文分為四段。第一段描述圖表非常簡(jiǎn)潔，將頭尾趨勢(shì)描述了出來(lái)，每個(gè)變量的數(shù)據(jù)超過(guò)三個(gè)，所以不必一一描述。
第二段是描述原因的段落，首句是模板句。第一點(diǎn)中的take the lead in improving efficiency and lowering the cost表示“率先提高效率、降低成本”。第二點(diǎn)分三句話，第一句中的state?owned enterprises表示“國(guó)有企業(yè)”，undergo fundamental changes表示“經(jīng)歷了根本的變化”。第二句中的the traditional mode of high employment, low salary表示“高就業(yè)率、低工資的傳統(tǒng)模式”，the economic take?off表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛”。第三句中的go bankrupt表示“破產(chǎn)”。
心得：
圖表題出現(xiàn)得較少，變化也比圖畫(huà)題少一些。我們應(yīng)首先熟悉圖表中對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)變化的描述，而后對(duì)全文段落的安排做到心中有數(shù)。
Direction 20
Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the table;
2. interpret the trend;
3. make your comments.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
指標(biāo)名稱(chēng) 1989 1997 2002
每萬(wàn)人口醫(yī)院床位數(shù)(張) 22.8 23.5 23.2
每萬(wàn)人口醫(yī)生數(shù)(人) 15.2 16.1 14.7
人均衛(wèi)生總費(fèi)用支出(元) 76.7 186.4 442.5
審題：
審題包括兩個(gè)部分，一個(gè)是讀圖畫(huà)或圖表，一個(gè)是看提綱。成功的審題就是將兩者有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)，確定文章的最終布局。這道題還是屬于圖表題中的表格題，比較特殊。表格中共有三個(gè)變量，應(yīng)該看出來(lái)有一個(gè)變量，即人均衛(wèi)生總費(fèi)用支出是大幅增長(zhǎng)的，而另兩個(gè)變量，即每萬(wàn)人口醫(yī)院床位數(shù)和每萬(wàn)人口醫(yī)生數(shù)，是基本未變的。第一段的工作就是描述這兩個(gè)趨勢(shì)。第二段中闡釋這一趨勢(shì)，就是要重點(diǎn)突出這一對(duì)比。第三段做出評(píng)論，對(duì)于一種不能令人滿意的現(xiàn)狀甚至令人擔(dān)憂的社會(huì)問(wèn)題，大多數(shù)時(shí)候最好的選擇就是寫(xiě)改進(jìn)或解決問(wèn)題的辦法了。
Sample:
From the table we can see clearly that total medical expenses per capita rose from 76.5 yuan in 1989 to 186.4 yuan in 1997 and then to 442.5 yuan in 2002. In the same period, the number of hospital beds every 10,000 people and the number of doctors every 10,000 people stayed at almost the same level.
This table illustrates clearly the discrepancy between the soaring medical expenses and the unsatisfactory hospital facilities. On the one hand, the money spent on medical care has climbed sharply in the past decade. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the medical expense has soared to 7.3 percent of the total expenses of urban residents, and 6.0 of that of rural residents in 2003. On the other hand, the limited scale of hospitals cannot meet the needs of our people. It is true that we have more advanced medical instruments, but the numbers of beds and doctors have changed little over the last decade. We all know that timely medical operation is extremely important in many cases, but how can we ensure it without finding a bed first?
To improve the present situation we have a long way to go. In the first place, we have to standardize medical practices, regulate the drug circulation and perfect the medical care system to bring down the medical expenses. In the second place, we should build more first?class hospitals, expand the scale of present hospitals and turn out more medical talents. If all of these can be accomplished our people will surely receive better medical care and live a happier life.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
本文共分三段。第一段兩句話，第一句話以常見(jiàn)的句型From the table we can see clearly that開(kāi)始，描寫(xiě)了人均衛(wèi)生總費(fèi)用支出逐年攀升的事實(shí)。而第二句以In the same period強(qiáng)勢(shì)開(kāi)頭，描述了其它兩個(gè)變量基本不變(stay at almost the same level)的情形，概括性很強(qiáng)。
第二段首句對(duì)上面的數(shù)字變化進(jìn)行總結(jié)，突出了discrepancy(差異)一詞，一方面是高漲(soar)的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用，另一方面是不能令人滿意的醫(yī)院設(shè)施，而后分兩方面來(lái)說(shuō)。第一方面分兩句話，先說(shuō)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用劇烈攀升。而后舉出國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局的數(shù)字，是醫(yī)療費(fèi)用占城市和農(nóng)村居民支出的百分比，很有說(shuō)服力。如果我們沒(méi)有確鑿的數(shù)據(jù)，就不要這樣寫(xiě)，切忌胡編亂造。另一方面的描述共分三句話，先說(shuō)醫(yī)院有限的規(guī)模無(wú)法滿足人民的需求。第二句相當(dāng)于although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但是語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)一些——我們雖然醫(yī)療器械有所改進(jìn)，但床位數(shù)和醫(yī)生數(shù)無(wú)甚改觀。最后一句話說(shuō)我們都知道及時(shí)的手術(shù)很重要，可如果連床位都沒(méi)有怎能保證手術(shù)呢?
第三段寫(xiě)改進(jìn)的辦法。首句是總括句，說(shuō)我們?nèi)沃氐肋h(yuǎn)，而后分兩方面來(lái)說(shuō)。第一方面是說(shuō)采取措施(規(guī)范醫(yī)療操作、調(diào)控藥品流通和優(yōu)化醫(yī)療保健體系)來(lái)降低醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。第二方面是說(shuō)通過(guò)建立更多的一流醫(yī)院、擴(kuò)充現(xiàn)有醫(yī)院的規(guī)模和培養(yǎng)更多的醫(yī)學(xué)人才來(lái)解決當(dāng)前的矛盾。最后一句是結(jié)語(yǔ)——如果所有這些都能實(shí)現(xiàn)，我們的人民一定能接受更好的醫(yī)療保健，過(guò)上更幸福的生活。
心得：
要想寫(xiě)好一篇文章，首先是審題——對(duì)圖表(圖畫(huà))和提綱所構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)境的把握一定要準(zhǔn)確。其次是具體到段落，在遣詞造句上一定要考究，要多下功夫。平時(shí)多積累，多寫(xiě)作是很重要的，因?yàn)槟軌虺蔀榭碱}的潛在主題不超過(guò)兩百個(gè)，很多詞、詞組與句型出現(xiàn)的幾率更要高得多，所以平時(shí)的積累和操練至關(guān)重要。
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Directions 11
Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the two pictures,
2. give the reasons of such a phenomenon, and
3. list possible solutions.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
這篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)很典型，而選擇的寫(xiě)法卻很特殊——我們選擇兼顧圖畫(huà)所體現(xiàn)的兩方面的問(wèn)題，即自私和違反規(guī)則兩個(gè)方面。如果第一段這樣來(lái)點(diǎn)明，那么第二段和第三段均應(yīng)這樣展開(kāi)，使文章形成一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。
Sample:
In the first picture, two persons are talking loudly in the library as if they were the only persons there. In the second picture, a man is talking happily on the phone in the cinema, while a film is on. From these two pictures, we come across such people who are so selfish as to always think of themselves instead of others on the one hand, and who are so bold as to defy those rules and regulations on the other hand.
Why do they behave in this way? On the one hand, they are brought up in such a way as to take their own interests into consideration whenever anything arises. This may not be the original purpose of parents and teachers, but this is largely the result of today’s education. Children learn from what adults do, not what they say. Years of teaching in class and family may tell them how to do, but hours of real?life practice may be more influential. On the other hand, they are brought up in such a way as not to take rules and regulations seriously. In their belief, rules and regulations only restrain those silly people, and the violation of them can be both exciting and admirable.
To solve this problem, all of us have a long way to go. First, teachers and parents should act in such a way to teach young children to always take others into consideration whenever they take action. Second, the authorities should severely punish anyone who violates rules and regulations. To protect the rights of more people, such punishment is more than necessary.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
第一段先用兩句話描述兩幅圖畫(huà)，而后用一句話做總結(jié)，用on the one hand和on the other hand將問(wèn)題的兩個(gè)方面清晰地表達(dá)了出來(lái)。
第二段的首句沒(méi)有使用傳統(tǒng)的表示原因的模板句，如The reasons for this phenomenon are twofold / threefold.而是用了一個(gè)設(shè)問(wèn)句，使行文顯得生動(dòng)活潑。之后分兩個(gè)方面來(lái)說(shuō)明為何他們會(huì)自私和不遵守規(guī)則。
第三段首句是典型的辦法類(lèi)的模板句。而后分兩方面來(lái)說(shuō)解決問(wèn)題的辦法，與第一段、第二段嚴(yán)格對(duì)應(yīng)。
心得：
這篇文章給我們留下的最大的印象就是前后呼應(yīng)，三段采用了同樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，這樣讀來(lái)自然覺(jué)得流暢。
就句子寫(xiě)作而言，內(nèi)部突出對(duì)比的句子總是給人留下深刻的印象，下面我們就以第二段的第一點(diǎn)為例來(lái)說(shuō)明。這一點(diǎn)分四句話，后三句都屬于句內(nèi)表示對(duì)比的情形。第二句話一針見(jiàn)血——這不一定是父母和老師的初衷，但卻是今天教育的結(jié)果。大家自然要想，為何結(jié)果偏離了初衷呢?下面接著說(shuō)，孩子們學(xué)的是大人的做法，而不是說(shuō)法。這句話簡(jiǎn)練、深刻。下面一句最為精彩，多年的學(xué)校和家庭教育告訴他們?nèi)绾稳プ觯鴶?shù)小時(shí)的實(shí)踐可能更加有影響力。這明確地說(shuō)明，只有投入了真實(shí)的生活之中，孩子們才能真正有所體會(huì)，才能真正成長(zhǎng)。沒(méi)有真實(shí)生活的洗禮，孩子們又怎能了解人生的真理，怎能為他人考慮呢?
好的句子是深入思索(思想方面)和不斷練習(xí)(語(yǔ)言方面)相結(jié)合的結(jié)果，只要我們不懈努力，總有達(dá)到“何意百煉鋼，化為繞指柔”的那一天。
Directions 12
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the picture,
2. interpret their meaning, and
3. make your comment on this phenomenon.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
這篇文章配的圖很簡(jiǎn)單，而意義卻是深刻的。提綱的第二部分和第三部分分別是闡釋含義和做出評(píng)論，我們可以分成三塊來(lái)寫(xiě)：提出問(wèn)題——從兩方面分析——下結(jié)論。這樣文章包含開(kāi)始描述圖畫(huà)的部分就有了四個(gè)部分。
筆記本電腦可以寫(xiě)作laptop computer, portable computer, notebook computer, notebook PC，在文中應(yīng)替換使用。
Sample:
In the above picture a university student is phoning his mother, “In order to make progress in my study, I want to buy a laptop computer.”
Is a laptop computer indispensable? Does a laptop computer mean greater possibility of academic excellence? Does a student without a laptop computer have no chance of success? It is obvious that the drawer wants all of us to think deeply before providing the answer. To reach a reasonable conclusion, we should analyze this problem from two perspectives.
On the one hand, we cannot guarantee that the student will use the portable computer solely for study?related purposes. Most of them have not lived independently, so they do not know how hard it is to make a living. Once they have the computer at hand, those students who lack selfcontrol may be indulged in computer games or online chatting, which will waste their time and affect their health.
On the other hand, a student without a notebook computer can also be a top student. Sometimes students do need computers to finish assignments, and the computer rooms on campus can often meet that purpose. For those students whose majors call for frequent use of computers, they also can buy the desktop one, which is much cheaper.
After careful consideration, we should say that the luxurious learning equipment such as a laptop computer is not necessary unless the parents can easily afford it and the student uses it only to facilitate his work and study.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
大家可能會(huì)問(wèn)：出題人是讓我們就題論題寫(xiě)筆記本電腦呢，還是推衍開(kāi)去泛泛而論這樣的奢侈類(lèi)學(xué)習(xí)用品呢?在這里我們寫(xiě)成兩種情形都是可以的，范文中是先就筆記本電腦展開(kāi)提問(wèn)和思索，最后做結(jié)時(shí)用了“諸如筆記本電腦的奢侈型學(xué)習(xí)用品”的字眼。
文章共分五段。第一段描述圖畫(huà)，非常簡(jiǎn)潔。第二段連問(wèn)了三個(gè)問(wèn)題：筆記本電腦必不可少嗎?它一定會(huì)推動(dòng)學(xué)業(yè)進(jìn)步嗎?沒(méi)有就學(xué)不好嗎?第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是核心，包含了后面兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。之后的兩句話是過(guò)渡句，起承上啟下的作用。第三段和第四段分別回答上面的后兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，均得到了否定的答案。而最后一段下結(jié)論直接呼應(yīng)了第一個(gè)問(wèn)題——說(shuō)明筆記本電腦不是必需的，只有同時(shí)符合兩個(gè)條件時(shí)，筆記本電腦才是有益的。
心得：
第二段的連續(xù)提問(wèn)很有震撼力——為了能在考試中運(yùn)用出豐富多彩的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)方式，平時(shí)多積累、多練習(xí)是很關(guān)鍵的。
第三段是寫(xiě)有了手提電腦后不一定會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)。下面分兩句來(lái)寫(xiě)，先寫(xiě)原因，后寫(xiě)結(jié)果。由于不知道賺錢(qián)的艱辛，所以缺乏自制力的學(xué)生很可能沉迷于電腦游戲或網(wǎng)絡(luò)聊天。
第四段寫(xiě)沒(méi)有手提電腦也可以成為優(yōu)等生。的確需要電腦時(shí)，可以去機(jī)房。個(gè)別確實(shí)需要常用電腦的學(xué)生，可以購(gòu)買(mǎi)便宜得多的臺(tái)式機(jī)。
最后一段非常精彩，說(shuō)只有兩個(gè)條件齊備，象手提電腦這樣的學(xué)習(xí)用品才能發(fā)揮作用。這兩個(gè)條件就是家庭承受得起和學(xué)生將之用于學(xué)習(xí)與工作的目的。
文章中有許多優(yōu)秀的詞組與句型，下面以第三段為例，希望大家用心識(shí)記。該段第一句中的guarantee表示“保證”，use...solely for study?related purposes表示“只用于學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)的目的”，是個(gè)很地道的表達(dá)方式。第二句比較難以表達(dá)，如果這樣寫(xiě)就不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)：They have not earned money, so they do not know how hard it is to make a living.建議改作范文中的寫(xiě)法，或者：Most of them have not lived on their own, so they do not know how hard it is to earn money.
寫(xiě)作中的推敲琢磨很重要，我們一邊學(xué)習(xí)、模仿別人的文章，磨礪、比較自己的寫(xiě)法，這樣就一定能獲得進(jìn)步。第三句使用了once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，使得時(shí)間接續(xù)非常緊密，而后使用at hand表示“得到”，非常精妙，遠(yuǎn)勝于普通的寫(xiě)法：Once they have bought the computer, ...句中使用定語(yǔ)從句who lack self?control是嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膶?xiě)法，因?yàn)椴⒉皇撬械膶W(xué)生都會(huì)沉湎于壞習(xí)慣中。后面的be indulged in表示“沉湎于”，句子最后使用了非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，分兩個(gè)方面說(shuō)明危害。
Directions 13
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the picture,
2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon,and
3. suggest possible solutions.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
我們拿到題目后，首先要分析圖畫(huà)和提綱所構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)境。對(duì)于全體考生來(lái)說(shuō)，一個(gè)圖畫(huà)可能有不止一種含義，不同的寫(xiě)法都是可行的，都可能得高分，如2004年考研作文“溫室里的花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨”就既可寫(xiě)孩子教育問(wèn)題，也可以寫(xiě)入世后的部分中國(guó)企業(yè)的情況。但是對(duì)有些圖畫(huà)來(lái)說(shuō)，有的理解就肯定是錯(cuò)誤的，如2005年的考研，寫(xiě)成老年人加強(qiáng)體育鍛煉的問(wèn)題，就是不行的。對(duì)于大家來(lái)說(shuō)，一定要加強(qiáng)審題的能力，平時(shí)多看多想，考試中就會(huì)水到渠成。
這篇文章分為三段。第一段是描述圖畫(huà)，第二段在引入主題后。
Sample:
In the above picture, a mother is seeing her son off at a railway station. It is most likely that the son is traveling by himself for the first time. We are most surprised to notice what the mother says: “My son, all of the people on the train are vicious, so be careful to protect yourself.”
Although this mother is radical to some extent, this picture reflects a worrying social problem—loss of social trust. Three reasons, in my belief, can account for the current phenomenon. First, when economy develops quickly and resources become more and more limited, social competition will become more and more fierce, and people will concentrate on the protection of personal interests. Second, the present education puts emphasis on knowledge and skills instead of morality and ethics. Last but not the least, sometimes the mass media play a negative role in focusing on the dark side of society, such as murder and robbery.
It is high time that we called on the efforts from all sides to solve this problem quickly and effectively. In the first place, teachers and parents should try their best to cultivate love, affection and unselfishness in the hearts of adolescents. In the second place, the government, with the help of the mass media, should play a dominant role in the making of a harmonious society. When every one of us participates in this campaign, the restoration of mutual trust will not be far away.
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
這篇文章首段先描述圖畫(huà)，第二段開(kāi)頭做了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵性的工作——確定本文章的主題。這個(gè)主題是由圖畫(huà)所決定的，也是根據(jù)提綱展開(kāi)文章的基礎(chǔ)。然后分三點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)明該問(wèn)題的原因。第三段分兩點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)明解決問(wèn)題的辦法。
心得：
文章沒(méi)有第四段，這主要是由于第三段的最后一句帶有結(jié)論性，是個(gè)非常成功的句子，亦可以寫(xiě)成：
When every one of us participates in this campaign, the dream of the restoration of mutual trust will be realized in the near future.
Directions 14
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:
1. describe the picture,
2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon,and
3. suggest possible solutions.
You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
審題：
我們看了圖畫(huà)與提綱之后，對(duì)于這種文章的結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)非常熟悉了。文章分為四段來(lái)寫(xiě)，描述圖畫(huà)——說(shuō)明原因——提出解決辦法——下結(jié)論。
Sample:
In the above picture, a student has got 68 in an examination, but he asks the teacher to give him 80, for he wants to get the title of an excellent student. Looking at the picture, we can’t help thinking of the more and more serious phenomenon of students’ going to the teacher directly for higher grades.
Schools are places where students learn knowledge and acquire skills, but some students never devote themselves to such an arduous yet enjoyable process. When the examination season arrives, they are busy searching for various methods to get satisfactory grades. Some stay up late to memorize as much knowledge as possible. Some even cheat in examinations in order to win ideal marks. Others go directly to the teachers, begging them to let them pass. In extreme cases, some students tell the teachers directly that they need a certain mark for a certain purpose.
Such practices deprive national education of fairness and dignity. To prevent them from spreading, teachers should first of all take on their responsibilities. They should reject such students firmly and directly. If the students continue disturbing them with their unreasonable requests, the teachers should report to the school authorities. On this occasion, the school authorities should severely punish these students and those who help them in the efforts.
If young students are used to achieving personal goals through unjust methods, when can we stop worrying about their future?
點(diǎn)評(píng)：
文章的第一段，由于一句話就描述了圖表，所以第二句話可以對(duì)這個(gè)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行小結(jié)。而最后一段是總結(jié)性的段落，這一段只有一句話，采用了條件狀語(yǔ)從句加反問(wèn)句的模式，給人留下了非常深刻的印象。此段話還將第一段第二句話的小結(jié)做了進(jìn)一步提煉，總結(jié)是“以不正當(dāng)?shù)姆椒▉?lái)達(dá)到個(gè)人目的”，相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確。
原因段落和辦法段落均沒(méi)有采用最常見(jiàn)的分兩點(diǎn)或三點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)的方法。第二段寫(xiě)原因，前兩句描述一些學(xué)生不好好學(xué)習(xí)，一到考試的時(shí)候就找各種各樣的方法來(lái)得到滿意的分?jǐn)?shù)。而后采用排比句分成幾類(lèi)學(xué)生來(lái)寫(xiě)。最后一句話是聚焦第三類(lèi)學(xué)生，進(jìn)一步來(lái)說(shuō)明——在某些極端的情況下，有些學(xué)生直接告訴老師自己需要多少分，以達(dá)到某個(gè)目的。
第三段首句一針見(jiàn)血地點(diǎn)出了這種做法的危害。而后將重點(diǎn)落在教師身上，具體講教師該怎么做。之后補(bǔ)充寫(xiě)了校方的正確做法。
心得：
首先對(duì)于圖畫(huà)的小結(jié)(總結(jié)出寓意或主題)可以放在第一段后面或第二段開(kāi)頭。
原因段落和辦法段落均可以不采用傳統(tǒng)的分類(lèi)法，而采用層層遞進(jìn)的方法來(lái)寫(xiě)。
最后一段使用了由條件狀語(yǔ)從句和疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成的經(jīng)典復(fù)合句做結(jié)，還要給人留下了深刻的印象。