托?？谡Z第一題考試時間如何分配

　　在托?？荚囍?，托福口語第一題的重點還是15秒準(zhǔn)備時間中。那么 ，對于我們正在備考的學(xué)生來說，應(yīng)該怎樣應(yīng)對好這樣的托?？谡Z第一題考前15秒呢?下面是小編給大家?guī)淼耐懈？谡Z第一題考試時間如何分配，希望能幫到大家!

　　托?？谡Z第一題考試時間如何分配?闡明例證是重點

　　明確需要表達(dá)的例子

　　首先。我們要明確一下"細(xì)節(jié)"或"例子"所指的是什么?！豆俜街改稀访鞔_要求在第一題中，"You should include specific details and/or examples"(p. 167)去支撐理由，而具體怎么操作，《官方指南》也給出了范例，比如167頁的例題："Choose a teacher you admire and explain why you admire him or her. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation."在針對這道題的分析當(dāng)中，《官方指南》指出在說原因時可以說是這位教師表現(xiàn)出了很獨特的個人品質(zhì)，而后面的細(xì)節(jié)就應(yīng)該是對此進(jìn)行描述或者提出相關(guān)證據(jù)："occasions when you noticed it, the effect it had on you, and so forth"(p. 168)。由此看來，考生在提供具體細(xì)節(jié)時不一定是要講一個故事，也可以是具體的現(xiàn)象、場合或影響。根據(jù)官方的這種要求，一般可以用兩種方法迅速擴(kuò)展細(xì)節(jié)：分層法和列舉法。

　　學(xué)會使用分層法闡述

　　對于托?？谡Z第一題考試時間分配來說，分層法是最為普通也是最為有效的方法。分層法是指先將理由信息縮小到一個更具體的范圍，然后再迅速給出細(xì)節(jié)的方法，這些常用的具體范圍可包括"學(xué)習(xí)"、"生活"、"思想"三方面。一般來講，理由信息越是抽象越是不容易給出細(xì)節(jié)。比如說之前2012年1月14日那道人物題--要求考生描述最喜歡花時間相處的人，我們用之前的方法已經(jīng)很快可以確定對象和理由，但關(guān)于人物特征的理由往往會比較抽象，比如有考生會回答這個人是"my father"，原因之一是"He is open-minded"。在這里open-minded的細(xì)節(jié)如何給出會讓考生感到頭疼。那么我們先把open-minded這個詞分層，比如將其范圍縮小到"學(xué)習(xí)"上，什么樣的現(xiàn)象可以證明在"學(xué)習(xí)"方面是open-mined的呢?這時很多同學(xué)就會立即想到"不會因為孩子一次考試不好就責(zé)備孩子"這樣的實例，而大學(xué)生往往也會想到"尊重孩子對自己學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)的選擇"等具體情況。如果將這個詞范圍縮小到"生活"上，又會有同學(xué)馬上想到"尊重孩子的興趣愛好和生活習(xí)慣"等等可以舉例的角度。照此看來，所謂"思想"上的open-minded也不難猜測了，一般定是與尊重孩子的某一想法有關(guān)。同學(xué)們在這項練習(xí)中往往會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個神奇的事實：先分層次，例子竟會如泉水般從頭腦中涌出。

　　學(xué)會使用列舉法闡述

　　列舉法則是直接列舉出具體的體現(xiàn)，對于托?？谡Z第一題考試時間也是很有幫助的。比如要證明"My father is very talented", 則可以直接擺出以下事實："He read a lot of classical literature works in his youth and he can play three kinds of music instruments"。 如要證明"My father is forward-looking",也可以直接陳述以下事例："My father thought it was a smart move to send me to study abroad, so he taught me English when I was little"。列舉的事實可以成為分層后的實例，也可以單獨使用。兩種方法如果都能夠熟練掌握或者融會貫通，勢必會幫助考生在黃金15秒之內(nèi)完成基本的準(zhǔn)備工作。

　　托福口語：家庭話題

　　與家庭相關(guān)的話題是托?？谡Z考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的話題，除此之外，考生也可以在談?wù)撈渌掝}時靈活的將家庭話題中使用的一些語句運用到其中，因此，掌握家庭話題相關(guān)的詞匯和句子非常有用，我們將這些詞匯和句子整理如下供同學(xué)們參考。

　　1 家庭成員： great-grandfather, great-grandmother, grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, wife, husband, son, daughter, older brother, older sister, young brother, young sister, grandson, granddaughter, etc.

　　2 家庭類型： a nuclear / small family核心家庭a big / large/extended family大家庭a single-parent family單親家庭

　　3 親戚關(guān)系： grandaunt姑婆，姨婆;granduncle伯公，叔公，舅公，姑公，姨公; aunt 嬸母，伯母，姨母，舅母; uncle 叔父，伯父，姑父，姨父; cousin堂兄弟(姐妹)，表兄弟(姐妹); cousin-in-law堂姐(妹)夫，堂嫂，堂弟媳，表姐(妹)夫，表嫂，表弟媳; brother-in-law 姐夫，妹夫; sister-in-law姑，姨，嫂，弟媳; son-in-law女婿; daughter-in-law兒媳; nephew 侄兒，外甥; niece侄女，外甥女; grandnephew甥(外)孫，侄(外)孫; grandniece甥(外)孫女，侄(外)孫女; grandson-in-law孫女婿;granddaughter-in-law孫媳婦;etc.

　　4 常用短語： feed / raise / support a family撫養(yǎng)家庭; found / start a family 建立家庭;family property家產(chǎn); family financial situation家境; family history家史; family tree家譜;family origin家庭出身; family responsibilities家庭責(zé)任; family function 家庭功能; family relationship 家庭關(guān)系; family planning 家庭計劃; family education 家庭教育; family structure 家庭結(jié)構(gòu); family ethics 家庭倫理; family consumption 家庭消費;etc.

　　5 常用句型： 1. What do you want to say about your family? 2. How many people are there in your family? 3. Do you have any brothers or sisters? 4. Are you the oldest/youngest in your family?5. What do your parents do? 6. I grew up in a very close, loving family.7. I keep in touch with my family regularly. 8. I miss my family very much.

　　實例：

　　Narrator：

　　Now first listen to a conversation about the family and say something about Brian’s family. Please Listen Carefully. Lin: Brian, what’s up? You look unhappy. Brian: Oh, nothing particular, Lin. Just that I miss my family terribly. Lin: Me too. How many people are there in your family? Brian: Four. My parents, my elder sister and I. Lin: What do they do? Brian: My father works in a computer company, and my mother is a nurse. My older sister studies in Beijing, and we email each other fairly often. Lin: Are your parents strict with you? Brian: Yes, I think so. When I was at home, I had to clean my own room, help with house chores, finish my homework before dinner time, get back home no later than 9:00 in the evening, and so no. Lin: That’s good for you. Do you get along well with your family? Brian: Sure. I’m lucky to live in a strict yet loving family. I love them. Narrator:

　　You may begin to prepare your response after the beep.

　　2 seconds beep] Preparation time: 15 seconds

　　Response time: 45 seconds

　　Narrator:

　　Please begin speaking after the beep.

　　2 seconds beep] Suggested Answer:

　　There are four members in Brian’s family, his father, his mother, the elder sister and him. His father works in a computer company, and his mother is a nurse in a hospital. His older sister studies in Beijing, and they get in touch with each other by email. His parents are strict with him. When he was at home, he had to clean his own room, help with house chores, finish his homework before dinner time and get back home before 9:00. In short, Brian lives in a strict yet loving family.

　　詞匯與解析： WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

　　1. be strict with: 嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)格的

　　2. house chores: 家務(wù)事，家務(wù)活

　　3. get along with: 進(jìn)展(情況);生活地，(友好地)與……相處

　　4. get in touch with 保持聯(lián)系 答案解析：

　　這是兩名學(xué)生在討論家庭的一篇對話。這篇對話傳遞了三個信息。我們首先了解了Brian的家庭成員(Brian: Four. My parents, my elder sister and I.);其次，了解了Brian父母親的職業(yè) (My father works in a computer company, and my mother is a nurse.)，他的父親在一家計算機(jī)公司工作，母親是護(hù)士。最后，我們從對話中得知，Brian的父母親對他要求很嚴(yán)格：Brian在家的時候，他得自己打掃房間，幫助父母做家務(wù)活，晚飯前必須做完家庭作業(yè)，晚上九點之前必須回家。這些具體事例有力地證明了Brian的父母對他的嚴(yán)格要求。

　　我們不難看出Brian父母的良苦用心，希望Brian學(xué)習(xí)上養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣，生活上鍛煉他自理的能力，要求他分擔(dān)家務(wù)。家長培養(yǎng)孩子長大成材，就得從小事抓起，溺愛孩子只會使孩子嬌生慣養(yǎng)，依賴性強(qiáng)，事業(yè)上無所成就。這篇對話篇幅不長，卻體現(xiàn)了值得大家學(xué)習(xí)的一種家庭教育理念。