蜘蛛的英文怎么讀_翻譯是什么(2)
蜘蛛的英文怎么讀_翻譯是什么
關(guān)于蜘蛛的英文閱讀：致命蜘蛛毒液可減輕中風(fēng)帶來的影響
A protein in spider venom may help protect the brain from injury after a stroke, according to research.
研究表明，蜘蛛毒液中的一種蛋白質(zhì)或許能夠保護(hù)大腦免受中風(fēng)帶來損傷。
Scientists found a single dose of the protein Hi1a worked on lab rats. They said it showed "great promise as a future stroke treatment" but had not yet been tested in human trials.
科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)一劑量的Hi1a蛋白質(zhì)在小白鼠身上起了作用。他們表示，這種蛋白質(zhì)“作為未來的中風(fēng)治療手段大有前途”，不過尚未進(jìn)行人體試驗。
The Stroke Association said the research was at its early stages but it would "welcome any treatment that has the potential to reduce the damage caused by stroke".
中風(fēng)協(xié)會表示，該研究尚處于早期階段，不過該協(xié)會“樂于接受任何可能降低中風(fēng)損傷的治療手段”。
The researchers, from the University of Queensland and Monash University, travelled to Fraser Island in Australia to hunt for and capture three potentially deadly Australian funnel web spiders.
來自昆士蘭大學(xué)和莫納什大學(xué)的研究者們奔赴澳大利亞的費沙島，尋找并捕獲了三種可能符合條件的、可致死的澳大利亞漏斗網(wǎng)蜘蛛。
They then took the spiders back to their laboratory "for milking". This involved coaxing the spider to release its venom, which can then be sucked up using pipettes.
之后他們將這些蜘蛛帶回自己的實驗室進(jìn)行“擠乳”操作。這項操作包括誘騙蜘蛛釋放毒液，接著用吸管吸取這些毒液。
The scientists honed in on a protein in the venom and recreated a version of it in their lab. They then injected this Hi1a into the lab rats.
科學(xué)家們仔細(xì)研究了毒液中的一種蛋白質(zhì)，并在實驗室中人工制造了這種蛋白。然后他們將這種名為Hi1a的蛋白質(zhì)注射進(jìn)小白鼠體內(nèi)。
They found that the protein blocked acid-sensing ion channels in the brain - something the researchers say are key drivers of brain damage after stroke.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種蛋白質(zhì)阻斷了腦部的酸敏感離子通道--研究者們稱這種通道是導(dǎo)致中風(fēng)后腦損傷的關(guān)鍵因素。
Prof Glenn King, who led the research, said the protein showed "great promise as a future stroke treatment".
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這項研究的格倫·金教授表示，這種蛋白質(zhì)“作為未來的中風(fēng)治療手段大有前途”。
"We believe that we have, for the first time, found a way to minimise the effects of brain damage after a stroke. Hi1a even provides some protection to the core brain region most affected by oxygen deprivation, which is generally considered unrecoverable due to the rapid cell death caused by stroke."
“我們相信我們已經(jīng)率先找到了一種減小中風(fēng)后腦損傷影響的辦法。Hi1a甚至為腦部核心區(qū)域由缺氧帶來的絕大部分影響提供了保護(hù)措施，由于中風(fēng)會導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞的迅速死亡，通常認(rèn)為這一損害是無法恢復(fù)的。”
The research was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
這項研究發(fā)表在了美國科學(xué)院論文集上。
關(guān)于蜘蛛的英文閱讀：聰明的蜘蛛
You may have seen men setting nets in the sea, or in a river, to catch fish. Let me tell you about the little animals that are always setting nets in your house and in your garden in much the same way. These animals are called spiders, and they use their nets or webs to catch flies and other insects.
你可能看到過有人在海面或河面上撒網(wǎng)捕魚?，F(xiàn)在, 我來跟你說一說, 有一種動物經(jīng)常在你的家里、花園里結(jié)網(wǎng)捕食。這種動物叫做蜘蛛, 它們利用自己的網(wǎng)來捕食蒼蠅與其他昆蟲。
The spider itself is not an insect. An insect has only six legs, while the spider has eight. The insect's body is plainly divided into three parts; but the spider has its body in two parts only, the head and the chest being united into one part, while the belly forms the other. Insects have four wings;spiders have no wings. Spiders, again, have no feelers in front of their heads, as insects have.
蜘蛛并不屬于昆蟲, 因為昆蟲只有六條腿, 但蜘蛛有八條;昆蟲的身體很明顯地分為三個部分, 但是蜘蛛則只有兩個部分：它們的頭部與胸部連接在一起, 腹部則構(gòu)成另外一部分。昆蟲長有四只翅膀;而蜘蛛沒有翅膀。蜘蛛的頭部也沒有昆蟲那樣的觸角。
An insect lays an egg, which changes first into a grub or cater-pillar, then into a pupa or chrysalis, and lastly into an insect. The spider also lays eggs, but each egg produces a perfect little baby spider. The perfect insect never grows bigger;but the little spiders grow so fast for a time that they have to throw off their leathery skins, and grow larger ones every few weeks.
昆蟲產(chǎn)卵, 然后孵化為幼蟲或毛蟲, 再變成蛹并最終生長為昆蟲。蜘蛛同樣產(chǎn)卵, 但是每一顆卵都能夠孵化出結(jié)構(gòu)完整的小蜘蛛。昆蟲成蟲身體不會生長變大, 但是小蜘蛛的生長速度卻快, 經(jīng)過一段時間之后就要蛻皮, 每過幾周時間身體就會長大一些。
The web of the spider is made of silk. This silk is formed inside the spider's body as a gummy fluid. It is squeezed out of several holes at the end of the spider's body, and the moment it comes out into the air it hardens and forms a delicate thread. The spider twists several of these fine threads together to form one strong line.
蜘蛛網(wǎng)由細(xì)絲構(gòu)成, 這些細(xì)絲來自其體內(nèi)的粘稠液體。蜘蛛通過身體末端的幾個小孔將這些液體排出, 它們一遇到空氣就會立刻凝固并形成細(xì)線。蜘蛛將這些細(xì)線纏繞在一起, 形成一條結(jié)實的繩索。
Try to find a spider's web on a bush or on the grass in your garden, and look very closely at it. The spider makes the outside lines of the web first. Then it forms the lines which extend like the spokes of a wheel from the centre of the net to the edges. All these lines of the web are made of smooth elastic threads of silk.
走到花園中, 試試看能不能在樹叢或草地上找到一張蜘蛛網(wǎng), 然后仔細(xì)觀察。蜘蛛首先編織的就是外圍的蛛絲, 然后從中間往邊緣的方向搭建輪輻般的蛛絲。這些蛛網(wǎng)全部由極富彈性的柔順絲線組成。
Lastly, it starts from the centre of the web and fastens a slender line across the others, going round and round in a spiral. This spiral or cross thread is covered by the spider with thousands of tiny drops of a very sticky substance. Then the spider goes to one corner of the net and waits.
最后, 蜘蛛從蛛網(wǎng)中心繞上一圈又一圈的細(xì)絲, 它們構(gòu)成彼此交叉的橫絲。蜘蛛又在這些螺旋或交叉橫絲上涂抹了數(shù)以千計的非常粘稠的物質(zhì)。然后, 它便躲在一個角落里, 耐心等待。
Soon an insect—perhaps a common fly—rushes in its flight against the web, and is caught by the drops of sticky stuff. Out comes the spider, runs to the fly, and rolls a band of its gummy silk around it. Then the spider gives the fly a bite, to kill it, or carries it away to one corner of the web till it is wanted for food.
很快, 有只昆蟲——可能就是一只普通點的蒼蠅——在飛行中撞上了這張蛛網(wǎng), 然后便被粘稠物質(zhì)抓個正著。這時, 蜘蛛就會爬出來, 撲向蒼蠅, 用粘稠的細(xì)絲將其團團圍住。然后, 蜘蛛就會在蒼蠅身上咬上一口, 把它殺死或者把它搬運到蛛網(wǎng)的某個角落, 等到想吃的時候再慢慢品嘗。
The spider's jaws are grooved, and in its head are some tiny poison-bags. When the spider bites, some of the poison runs down the grooves, and so enters the body of the insect which is bitten. After this the insect is unable to move or to fly away.
蜘蛛的牙齒長有溝槽, 頭部則生有幾個很小的毒囊。當(dāng)蜘蛛咬下獵物時, 一部分毒液順著凹槽流入獵物。這時候, 被咬的昆蟲動不了也飛不走了。
There are many spiders which in habits and appearance are quite different from the garden spider. Some of them have their nests in little holes in the ground, and make little trap-doors to close them. Others live under water, and carry down little bubbles of air to breathe in their homes.
蜘蛛的種類很多, 它們的習(xí)性、外貌與我們在花園中見到的蜘蛛相差很大。有些蜘蛛在地下的洞中棲身, 在洞口造出一個既能遮擋地洞又能捕獲獵物的活門。還有些蜘蛛生活在水中, 它們能夠?qū)⑿馀輲胨? 用于在自己的巢穴中呼吸。
關(guān)于蜘蛛的英文閱讀：蜘蛛每年吃掉4到8億噸昆蟲
By now, you may have heard about a study that came out a couple of weeks ago about spiders. The study got a lot of attention because coverage of the research often focused on the idea that spiders could eat every single person on the planet in a year and still find room for a lot of cows and elephants and such. In other words, spiders need a lot of meat. Fortunately, the food of choice for the overwhelming majority of spiders is other arthropods, mostly insects and another type of tiny critter called springtails.
Anyway, the study—which never mentions spiders eating all the world's people—was done by Martin Nyffeler at the University of Basil in Switzerland and Klaus Birkhofer of Lund University and Germany's Brandenburg University of Technology.
Places with plenty of spiders. Because most places are places with plenty of spiders. The write-up the April issue of the journal The Science of Nature concluded that the world's spider population weighs some 25 million tons. Now, your average spider only weighs an itty-bit, so if you do the calculation you get a total worldwide population of some eleventy gazillion spiders. More or less. But the 25 million tons of spiders is a real number, derived from other published studies, dating as far back as 1951.
The researchers then estimated how much weight in food that much weight of spiders would need. And they also went through many other studies that had estimated how much spiders ate in particular habitats, ranging from tropical forests to farms. Once they crunched all those arthropods, the intrepid spider speculators reached their verdict: spiders snatch between 400 million and 800 million tons of meat annually.
So if you see a spider—and there's almost certainly a bunch in your home right now—you could stomp it. Or you could gently put it outside. Or you could wish it bon appétit! And leave it to dine on the other stuff you probably want in your home even less.
你可能聽說了幾周前發(fā)表的一項有關(guān)蜘蛛的研究。這項研究得到了廣泛關(guān)注，因為該研究主要關(guān)注這個想法：蜘蛛能在一年內(nèi)吃掉地球上的所有人，同時還有胃口吃下大量牛和大象之類的動物。換句話說，蜘蛛需要吃很多肉。幸運的是，絕大多數(shù)蜘蛛所選擇的食物是其他節(jié)肢動物——大部分是昆蟲以及另外一種叫做“彈尾蟲”的小動物。
無論如何，這項研究從未提及蜘蛛會吃掉世界上所有的人，該研究由瑞士巴塞爾大學(xué)的馬丁·尼弗勒和供職于隆德大學(xué)和德國勃蘭登堡科技大學(xué)的克勞斯·博科弗共同完成。
世界上有很多蜘蛛。因為大多數(shù)地方都有很多蜘蛛?！蹲匀豢茖W(xué)》雜志4月刊的評論文章推斷：世界上所有蜘蛛的總重量約為2500萬噸。蜘蛛的平均重量非常小，所以如果要計算蜘蛛的總重量，就要收集世界上無數(shù)只蜘蛛。差不多可以這樣說。不過，蜘蛛總重為2500萬噸這個數(shù)字是真實的，它來源于1951年發(fā)表的一項其他研究。
隨后，研究人員對如此重的蜘蛛需要的食物量進(jìn)行了估算。他們還查閱了其他多項研究，這些研究對特定棲息地的蜘蛛所需要的食物量進(jìn)行了估算，棲息地的范圍從熱帶雨林到農(nóng)場。一計算出蜘蛛吃掉的節(jié)肢動物的數(shù)量，無畏的蜘蛛投機者就下了定論：蜘蛛每年要捕食4億到8億噸肉。
所以，如果你看見了一只蜘蛛，基本上可以肯定現(xiàn)在你家里就有一群蜘蛛，你可以踩它?；蛘咻p輕地把它放到外面去。你也可以祝他好胃口!讓它在你家里享用你不想要的其他東西。
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