描述分布式管理環(huán)境的計(jì)算機(jī)英語
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計(jì)算機(jī)英語
Distributed Management Environment
With the emergence of distributed multi- vendor computing environments, the creation of a standards framework to facilitate their effective management became a top priority. As a result, leading vendors, working through the Open Software Foundation(OSF) have developed a set of open, vendor-neutral standards known as Distributed management Environment (DME).
DME was conceived to get the most out of to-day's advanced distributed computing technologies.open standards，interoperability- and object-oriented technologies.Its standardized framework represents an industry consensus on application pro-gram interfaces (APIs) and protocols for open man-agreement. DME is a 'living' standard, evolving as technologies evolve enhancing the latest industry developments.
1.Why DME Works
DME builds on existing standards.It is not an alternative to other standards. Rather, it represents acomplementarv approach that encompasses existing SNMP and CMIP standards and endorses interfaces devised by the Network Management Forum X/Open and others.
DME is the product of a multi-vendor, consent-sus-based process.As a result, DME maps to your computing environment and manages growth inmulit-vendor systems and networks.And because DME is the product of industry consensus it accelerateates the process of reaching consensus within your organization.
DME is based on a comprehensive set of requirements developed through an open industry process to meet specific objectives and address real needs.
DME is vendor neutral. It enhances competition in the management market.This will result in lower costs and better solutions for users.
2.The Benefits
Dame's wide-ranging benefits include：
(1)A scaleable, distributed architecture that can accommodate growth in multi-vendor networks and distributed systems.
(2)Better management, interoperability and integration through the implementation of common management services and standardized protocol adobe definitions.
(3)Reductions in time and costs for system administration and training.
(4)Tightly integrated solutions utilizing objectoriented design, for easier and more flexible integration of scaleable，distributed，multi-vendor architectures
(5)Greater longevity of systems resulting from standards-based, backwards compatibility.
3.What you can do today
No matter where you are in the development of your network, we suggest evaluating DME as you build your enterprise management strategy. Portions of the DME will be available during 1993 from number of vendors.Complete implementations ode win begin appearing in 1994.
Distributed systems demand the same level of management and availability that IS has historically provided in a mainframe environment. Yet the technicely approach to distributed systems management is fundamentally different from that applied to central-sized system.
Hardware and software resources to be managed tend to be more numerous, widely-dispersed and provided by a wide variety of vendors.Put sumply, old approaches to systems management cannot be incrementally extended to manage these new distributed systems.A new approach is required.
When compared to centralized mainframe environment, tracking and intervention tools for distributed systems management still appear somewhat primitive even as the number and variety of systems IS professionals are expected to provided backup and recovery services，fault isolation and repair capability-ties, and updating procedures that provide levels of service similar to those users have come to expect from centralized systems.These demands all threaten to increase administrative and support expenses.
If these systems are poorly managed. there's real chance such expenses may actually erase the cost reductions achieved through downsizing .
Effective distributed systems management ad-dresses these issues.It provides the considerable business benefits of distributed computing with context that allow for effective management of IT resources and cost.
A strong distributed systems management policy will result in the same level of production-quality service provided by traditional mainframe opera-dons.Distributed systems management allows for growth in the number of managed systems while reducing support requirements and lowering costs.It increases system availability, security and integrity. It provides remote systems management, which intern provides an enterprise-wide perspective, the more effective use of limited support resources，and the basis for higher levels of automated management.
分布式管理環(huán)境
隨著分布式多廠商計(jì)算環(huán)境的出現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造一種有利于分布式多廠商計(jì)算環(huán)境有效管理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架便成為一件座予以最優(yōu)先考慮的事。因此，一些主要廠商通過 開放軟件基金會(OSF)制定了一套稱為分布式管理環(huán)境(DME)的、獨(dú)立于廠商的開放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
DME被認(rèn)為能最有效地利用當(dāng)今先進(jìn)的分布式計(jì)算技術(shù)、開放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、互操作性和面向?qū)ο蟮募夹g(shù)DME的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化框架代表了工業(yè)界對于開放管理的應(yīng)用程序接口(APL)和協(xié)議的一致意見DME是一種隨技術(shù)發(fā)展而演進(jìn)的“活”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，能把最新的工業(yè)發(fā)展增加進(jìn)去。
1.DME何以能發(fā)揮作用
DME以現(xiàn)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為基礎(chǔ)。它并不替代其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而是一種既包含現(xiàn)有的SNMP(簡單網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理協(xié)議)和CMIP(公共管理信息協(xié)議) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有支持由網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理論壇、 X/Open及其他組織開發(fā)的補(bǔ)充手段。
DME是在眾多廠商達(dá)成一致意見的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的。因此，DME也反映了你的計(jì)算環(huán)境，并能駕馭多廠商系統(tǒng)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面的發(fā)展。又因?yàn)镈ME是工業(yè)異一致意見的產(chǎn)物，所以它會加速你組織內(nèi)達(dá)成一致意見。
DME是以各方面的要求為基礎(chǔ)的這些要求是為達(dá)到特定目標(biāo)并滿足實(shí)際需求，在工業(yè)界以開放的方式逐漸形成的。
DME是獨(dú)立于廠商的，因此能強(qiáng)化管理市場的競爭。這將降低成本，并為用戶提供較好的解決方案。
2.種種優(yōu)點(diǎn)
DME具有如下多方面的優(yōu)占.
(1)可伸縮的分布式體系結(jié)構(gòu)、能容納多廠商網(wǎng)絡(luò)和分布式系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展。
(2)可通過實(shí)現(xiàn)公共管理服務(wù)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的協(xié)議和對象定義來改善管理、互操作性和集成能力。
(3)可減少系統(tǒng)管理和訓(xùn)練的時間與費(fèi)用。
(4)可提供利用面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)的、緊密集成的解決方案，以使可伸縮的分布式多廠商體系結(jié)構(gòu)的集成更方便、更靈活。
(5)基干標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的反向兼容性能延長系統(tǒng)的壽命。
3.你當(dāng)今能干的工作
無論你在哪里開發(fā)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，我們建議你在制定企業(yè)管理戰(zhàn)略時對DME作出評價。DME的某些部分在1993年期間將可從若干廠商那里得到。DME的全面實(shí)現(xiàn)要到1994年才開始。
分布系統(tǒng)所要求的管理水平和可用性與信息、系統(tǒng)歷來在主機(jī)環(huán)境中所提供的相同。不過，從技術(shù)上來說，分布系統(tǒng)管理方法與集中式系統(tǒng)管理方法是大相徑庭的。
要管理的硬件和軟件資源增多，非常分散。而且是由各樣各樣的制造商所提供?？傊?，老式的系統(tǒng)管理方法無法用來管理這些新的分布系統(tǒng)。人們需要一種新的方法。
與集中的主機(jī)環(huán)境相比，分布系統(tǒng)的跟蹤與干預(yù)工具仍然略顯原始些，但信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)人員所必須管理的系統(tǒng)的數(shù)量和種類卻在不斷增加。同時，人們希望 信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)人員提供備份與故障恢復(fù)服務(wù)、具有故障隔離與修理能力，并提供各種升一級工作， 用戶希望提供的這些服務(wù)的水準(zhǔn) 能達(dá)到與由集中系統(tǒng)提供的服務(wù)類似。這些要求全都預(yù)示著要增圳管理和支持費(fèi)用.
如果這些系統(tǒng)的管理很差，由此造成的費(fèi)用會把通過小型化實(shí)現(xiàn)的成本降低抵消，這種可能性是實(shí)際存在的。
有效的分布式管理，是針對解決這些問題的，就從能夠?qū)π畔ⅰ⒓夹g(shù)資源和成本進(jìn)行有效管理來看，分布系統(tǒng)管理能使分布計(jì)算給業(yè)務(wù)上帶來許多好處。
分布系統(tǒng)管理措施如果得力，在保證生產(chǎn)與質(zhì)量方面的服務(wù)水準(zhǔn)可以達(dá)到與傳統(tǒng)主機(jī)作業(yè)提供的服務(wù)水準(zhǔn)相同。分布系統(tǒng)管理，既能增加被管理系統(tǒng)的數(shù) 量也能降低支持要求和成本。它能提供遠(yuǎn)程系統(tǒng)的可用性、安全性和完整性。它還能提供遠(yuǎn)程系統(tǒng)管理，因而能全面了解整個企業(yè)情況，更有效地使用有限的支 持資源，并為更高級的自動化管理奠的基礎(chǔ)。
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