關(guān)于分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)英語
計(jì)算機(jī)真的是我們?nèi)祟悜?yīng)該很偉大的發(fā)明，它促進(jìn)了我們的生活，小編今天就給大家整理了有關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)的英語，僅供參考
計(jì)算機(jī)英語
Distributed Database System
A decentralized system-known in the database world as a distributed system can be highly responsive to differences in data gathering, storage, and access. It can adjust to differences in user psychol-ogy-between, say, a multinational corporation's employees in individualistic Greece and in disciplined Japan. It can also adapt to the management styles of strong managers in different locations.
An organization that prefers homogeneity and top-down control will naturally choose a centralized database system. It may also prefer the hierarchical data model.
By contrast, an organization that prefers local improvisation and free wheeling may well choose distributed database system. It may also choose the network data model，which is well suited to searching and updating data in a distributed system.
Communication between distributed commutinies of computer is required for many reasons.At a national level, for example, computers located in different parts of the country use public communication services to exchange electronic messages(mail) and to transfer files of information from one computer to another: Similarly, at a local level within, say, a single building or establishment, distributed communities of computer-based workstations use local communication networks to access expensive shared resources-for example, printers, copiers, disks and tapes, etc.-that are also managed by computers.Clearly, as the range of computer-based products and associated public and local com-medication networks procreate, computer-to-computer communication will expand rapidly and ultimately dominate the field of distributed system.
Historically, computers were so expensive that most large organizations did all their data processing on a single, centralized machine. While very efficient for such tasks as payroll and generating accounting reports, the centralized approach was very useful to those who needed a quick response to a unique, local problem.
With today's inexpensive micros and minis, there is no reason why a branch office, the engineer-in department, or any other group needing computer support cannot have its own computer. By linking these remote machines to a centralized computer via communication lines, local activity can be monitored and coordinated. This approach is called distributed data processing.
分散式系統(tǒng)在數(shù)據(jù)庫領(lǐng)域中稱為分布式系統(tǒng)，這種系統(tǒng)能處理不同的數(shù)據(jù)采集、存儲(chǔ)和訪問方一式。它可以根據(jù)用戶的心理，例如可針對(duì)個(gè)性強(qiáng)的希臘雇員和守紀(jì)律的日本雇員之間的差異作出調(diào)整，它也可適應(yīng)不同地方的各種管理人員的不同管理風(fēng)格。
傾向于均質(zhì)的、從上向下管理的組織機(jī)構(gòu)自然要選擇集中式數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)，這種組織也樂于使用層次型數(shù)據(jù)模型。
相反，傾向于臨時(shí)配置和對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫循環(huán)訪問的組織機(jī)構(gòu)必然要選擇分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)，這種組織也樂于選擇網(wǎng)絡(luò)型數(shù)據(jù)模型，因?yàn)檫@種模型根適合于分布式系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)查找和修改。
分布式計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)間需要進(jìn)行通信有許多原因，例如在一個(gè)國(guó)家內(nèi)，處于各地的計(jì)算機(jī)使用公共通信設(shè)施交換電子信息(郵件)，從一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)向另一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)傳送文件。同樣，在一個(gè)局部區(qū)域內(nèi)。例如在一個(gè)大樓或機(jī)關(guān)內(nèi)，分布式的計(jì)算機(jī)工作站間 使用局部通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)訪問昂貴的共享資源，例如打印機(jī)、復(fù)印機(jī)、 磁盤和磁帶等，這些設(shè)備也由計(jì)算機(jī)管理。很明顯，隨著基于計(jì)算機(jī)的產(chǎn)品和相應(yīng)的公共及局部通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的激增，計(jì)算機(jī)一計(jì)算機(jī)通信也將得到迅速的發(fā)展，最終將在分布式系統(tǒng)中占統(tǒng)治地位。
從歷史上看，計(jì)算機(jī)是如此昂貴，這使得許多的大型組織機(jī) 構(gòu)在作他們的數(shù)據(jù)處理時(shí)都得用一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)一一中央機(jī)。這種集中處理的方法，對(duì)一些如象工資 和財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表等任務(wù)來說是非常有效的，然而對(duì)另一些任務(wù)，如象需要對(duì)單一的、局部的問題作出快速相應(yīng)的任務(wù)，就不是那么有效了。
由于現(xiàn)在微機(jī)和小型機(jī)都很便宜，因此在科室、工程部門， 或者任問需要計(jì)算機(jī)支持工作的團(tuán)體部可以擁有自己的計(jì)算機(jī)。用通訊線路線路把這些遠(yuǎn)程機(jī)器與中央計(jì)算機(jī)相連接，局部的話動(dòng)就可以被監(jiān)視和協(xié)調(diào)。這種方式稱之為分布式數(shù)據(jù)處理。
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