介詞的用法總結歸納與辨析(3)
介詞的用法總結歸納與辨析
介詞From的用法
介詞 prep.
1.(表示時間)從…, 自…
We've been working from morning to night.我們從早到晚一直工作。
2.(表示狀態(tài))從某(位置、狀態(tài)等)開(kāi)始(shǐ)
He rose from office boy to managing director in ten years.他在十年間由辦公室勤雜員升至總經(jīng)理。
3.(表示范圍)從較低限度算起
The jackets are from 35 dollars.這些夾克衫起價是35美元。
4.(表示來源)來自…; 源于…; 從…里取出
I come from the north.我是北方人。
He took a shaving mirror from his bag.他從手提包里拿出一面剃須鏡。
5.(表示分離)與…分離[隔開]; 減去; 扣除
The wind blew his hat from his head.風將他的帽子從頭上吹走了。
Six from fifteen leaves nine.15減6等于9。
6.(表示否定)免于; 免遭
Wild fruit kept us from dying of starvation.我們靠著野果才沒被餓死。
7.(表示方位)從…; 以…為開始方向
Latitudes are the lines that go from east to west.緯線是從東到西的線。
8.(表示原因)因為, 出于
She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.她告訴他真相是出于忠誠。
9.(表示比較)與…相比; 與…區(qū)分
She is different from her sister in character.她和她姐姐性格不同。
He can tell a fake from the original.他能分辨出贗品和真品。
介詞With的用法
介詞 prep.
1.(表示關系)和…在一起
Would you like to go to the street with me?你愿和我一起上街嗎?
2.(表示狀態(tài))具有, 帶有
Many exhibits with characteristics of the Chinese art are on display.許多具有中國藝術特色的展品陳列出來。
3.(表示方式)用, 以, 藉
The room is cooled with air conditioner.這房間用空調降溫。
4.(表示對象)對…, 關于
She was always good with the unfortunate.她對不幸的人總是很友好。
5.(表示伴隨)與此同時, 隨著
I always rise with the bell.我總是聽到鈴聲就起床。
6.(表示讓步)雖然, 盡管
With all his abilities, he failed completely.盡管很能干, 他還是一敗涂地了。
7.(表示原因)由于, 因為
She flushed with delight.她高興得臉上通紅。
8.(表示態(tài)度)支持, 贊同
Is he with us or against us?他贊成我們還是反對我們?
9.(表示態(tài)度)跟(…對抗)
We are struggling with backwardness.我們在和落后現(xiàn)象做斗爭。
10.與…對立;反對
11.包括;還有
12.與…方向一致;順著
13.由…持有;由…負責
14.為…工作;受雇于;利用…的服務
15.雖然;盡管
16.在…旁邊;在…附近;在…身邊
17.在…之中;進入…之中
18.關于;就…而言
19.比較而言;與…相比較
20.同樣;完全一樣
21.同意的;和諧的
22.支持;站在…一邊
介詞By的用法
介詞 prep.
1.(表示位置)在…近旁; 在身邊; 靠近
On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.在寒冷的夜晚坐在爐火旁邊很舒服。
2.(表示時間)不遲于; 在…時候
Be here by four o'clock.四點鐘之前到這兒。
She should be back by now.她現(xiàn)在應該回來了。
3.(表示方向)從…中經(jīng)過
They came in by the back door.他們是由后門進來的。
4.(表示方式)搭乘, 通過; 抓住…; 靠, 采取; 就…而論; 以…稱呼方式; 以…的名義; 憑著
Are you to go there by bike or by bus?你騎車還是坐車去?
You can order tickets by telephone.你可以用電話訂票。
He seized her by the arm.他抓住她的手臂。
Man does not live by bread alone.人不能單靠面包生存。
They decided to raise the money by subscription.他們決定采取募捐的辦法來籌集這筆款項。
By temperament he was an artist.從氣質上看, 他是一位畫家。
They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他們總是以教名互相稱呼。
By God he's done it!老天為證, 他確實做了此事。
I did it all by myself!我完全是靠自己做此事的。
5.(表示原因)隨…而來, 由于(置于不帶 the 的名詞前，表示原因)
The meeting will be held in the school hall, by permission of the headmaster.由于有校長的準許, 會議將在學校大廳舉行。
6.(表示方位)偏于
The steamer will go west by north.這艘輪船將向西偏北方向航行。
7.(表示環(huán)境)借著…光亮
They were playing cards by electric light.他們正借著燈光打牌。
8.(表示關涉)經(jīng)過
I go by the house every day.我每天都要從這棟房子經(jīng)過。
9.(表示程度, 數(shù)量)以…之差
We lost the match by one goal.我們以一分之差輸了比賽。
10.(常置于表被動的動詞后，表示使為者)
11.在…期間;處于某種狀況
12.從…看;依;按照
13.(與 the 連用，表示時間或量度單位)
14.(表示速率)
15.(補充有關出生地、職業(yè)等的信息)
16.(起誓時用)以…的名義
17.(表示觸及或抓住的人或物的部份)
18.(用于乘除運算)
19.(表示尺寸時用)
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