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雅思閱讀選擇題找到重點(diǎn)

時(shí)間: 騰宇1219 分享

  雅思閱讀一般由三至四篇文章構(gòu)成,有40個(gè)左右的問(wèn)題。它的最大特點(diǎn)是大部分題不是傳統(tǒng)的多項(xiàng)選擇題。比如,試題中的一篇文章有8段,問(wèn)題中列出12個(gè)小標(biāo)題,要求考生根據(jù)每段的內(nèi)容從12個(gè)小標(biāo)題中挑出本段的小標(biāo)題。下面是小編給大家?guī)?lái)的雅思閱讀選擇題如何抓住重點(diǎn),希望能幫到大家!

  雅思閱讀選擇題抓住重點(diǎn)

  一、判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)或意圖

  我們經(jīng)常能遇到選擇題中有這樣的問(wèn)法:What is the writer’s main point about…? 或者The writer suggests …to illustrate… 還有What does the writer say about…? 我們把這些問(wèn)法歸類為判斷作者觀點(diǎn)或意圖的題目。那么,在解決這類題目時(shí),需要注意些什么呢?

  首先,我們要明確,閱讀文章是說(shuō)明文,由于文體的限制,作者不會(huì)明確地表達(dá)自己主觀的想法,因?yàn)檫@類文章不具有引導(dǎo)性,作者不會(huì)把自己的觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給讀者,因此,我們只能在作者的用詞、句式等細(xì)節(jié)上來(lái)判斷其意圖。例如:

  What does the writer say about America’s waste problem?

  A It will increase in line with population growth.

  B It is not as important as we have been led to believe.

  C It has been reduced through public awareness of the issues.

  D It is only significant in certain areas of the country.

  原文:People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste. Yet, even if America’s trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12000th of the area of the entire United States. 在這段文字中,作者用了轉(zhuǎn)折連接詞、表示程度的副詞來(lái)表達(dá)“數(shù)據(jù)的微乎其微、可以忽略”這樣的含義。因此,作者偏重于數(shù)據(jù)很小、問(wèn)題不嚴(yán)重這樣的觀點(diǎn)。因此選擇B項(xiàng)。

  其次,還有一類較為簡(jiǎn)單些的表示作者意圖的題目,就是問(wèn)作者提及一個(gè)例子、數(shù)據(jù)或事實(shí)的目的是為了說(shuō)明什么。這種題目我們只要根據(jù)文章的邏輯順序來(lái)判斷就可以了。通常,在列舉出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題后,作者會(huì)按照邏輯順序來(lái)舉例或數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)支持前面所提出的觀點(diǎn)。如果選擇題中問(wèn)作者提一個(gè)例子為了表達(dá)什么,我們只需要到緊挨著例子的前面尋找答案就可以輕松找到例子的依據(jù)或目的了。

  二、掌握文中的細(xì)節(jié)

  文章中的細(xì)節(jié)部分的考查是四選一題目的又一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。這類題目包括的范圍較廣,無(wú)法將它們細(xì)分為各種類型,這類題的集中難點(diǎn)就是同義轉(zhuǎn)換。建議考生在對(duì)待這類題目時(shí),要盡量找到定位詞或按題目順序鎖定答案的位置,再將鎖定位置的句義與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換,就能選出答案。文中涉及的細(xì)節(jié)通常比較容易看出來(lái),無(wú)需推斷,只要按客觀的描述來(lái)對(duì)號(hào)入座就可以了。

  例如:Lozanov claims that teachers should train students to

  A memorize details of the curriculum

  B develop their own sets of indirect instructions

  C think about something other than the curriculum content.

  D avoid overloading the capacity of the brain.

  原文:Lozanov therefore made indirect instruction (suggestion) central to his teaching system. In suggestopedia, as he called his method, consciousness is shifted away from the curriculum to focus on something peripheral. 題目中的定位詞為teachers,再根據(jù)順序,我們定位到原文,將原文中的句義與選項(xiàng)逐個(gè)進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換,我們可以確定答案為C選項(xiàng)。

  三、選擇原文的題目

  四選一當(dāng)中有一類常考的題型,就是給原文選擇一個(gè)合適的題目。這類題無(wú)非就是summary題型的變形,這類題目通常是不難做的。但是很多同學(xué)也在這類題上出錯(cuò),原因就在于大家不清楚應(yīng)該將選項(xiàng)中的哪些詞匯做依據(jù)來(lái)選擇。多數(shù)出錯(cuò)的同學(xué)都是將選項(xiàng)中的一個(gè)大寫(xiě)、名稱等詞與原文正好相同為依據(jù),而忽略了選項(xiàng)間的區(qū)別。這種題的選項(xiàng)其實(shí)看起來(lái)是很相似的,也正因?yàn)榇耍覀儾荒苤粦{一個(gè)詞就去選擇。選項(xiàng)間往往存在范圍上的差別、程度上的差別等,建議考生們需要做的是:先在選項(xiàng)中找到文章一直提及的高頻詞匯或同義詞匯,再看看選項(xiàng)間的范圍,看哪些選項(xiàng)是原文涉及了一小部分的細(xì)節(jié)、哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是概括了原文大部分的內(nèi)容,我們要的答案是后者。

  例如:What is the best title for this passage?

  A The rise of the cinema star

  B Cinema and novels compared

  C The domination of Hollywood

  D The power of the big screen

  這個(gè)題中,cinema star/novel在原文都有提及,但是我們不能以它們?yōu)橐罁?jù),因?yàn)樗鼈儾⒉皇俏恼轮懈哳l出現(xiàn)的詞匯,只是在一小段內(nèi)容中涉及。因此,我們要看另外兩個(gè)選項(xiàng):C選項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn),完全無(wú)法代表原文的意思。因此,只有D項(xiàng)是正確的。文中大量介紹了電影的發(fā)展、電影的魅力和對(duì)人們生活的沖擊,選項(xiàng)中的big screen就是文中一直提及的cinema的同義詞匯,而power正好概括了全文的意思。

  綜上所述,我們?cè)谧鏊倪x一題目的時(shí)候,要看題目是屬于以上提到的哪一類,針對(duì)不同類別的題,我們的應(yīng)對(duì)方式也有所差異。

  在上篇文章中,我們把四選一題目按照考查內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了分類,明確了有些題目是考作者的用詞來(lái)推敲其意圖,有些題目是考同義轉(zhuǎn)換,而有些題目則是按照高頻詞匯和概括性詞匯來(lái)選擇。那么,這類題型的選項(xiàng)又有什么難點(diǎn)呢?分析認(rèn)為,四選一題型選項(xiàng)的難點(diǎn)主要存在于干擾項(xiàng)上,所謂的干擾項(xiàng)就是看起來(lái)跟真正答案很相似,用來(lái)迷惑考生的判斷力的選項(xiàng)。我們按照干擾項(xiàng)的迷惑性由強(qiáng)到弱,分為重要干擾項(xiàng)、錯(cuò)誤干擾項(xiàng)和未提及干擾項(xiàng)。

  四、多選題目的重要干擾項(xiàng)

  重要干擾項(xiàng)就是指,這種選項(xiàng)雖然不是正確答案,卻與原文不沖突(或者很難判斷是否與原文沖突),它們與正確答案看起來(lái)比較相似,只不過(guò)不如正確答案更準(zhǔn)確、更完整或更嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。我們看下面的例子:

  In Tarkovsky’s opinion, the attraction of the cinema is that it

  A aims to impress its audience.

  B tells stories better than books.

  C illustrates the passing of time.

  D describes familiar events.

  我們可以定位到原文的C段和D段,C段提到:The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching a mere picture. Pictures were still, only reality moved; this must, therefore, be reality. In their confusion, they feared that a real train was about to crush them. 這一段文字表達(dá)了觀眾當(dāng)時(shí)的反應(yīng),觀眾們很難接受自己看到的是圖畫(huà)而不是事實(shí)。D段提到:The key to that magic was the way in which cinema created a dynamic image of the real flow of events. A still picture could only imply the existence of time, while time in a novel passed at the whim of the reader. But in cinema, the real, objective flow of time was captured. 這段文字描述了電影創(chuàng)造了事件隨時(shí)間的發(fā)展演變,并且用picture和novel進(jìn)行類比,強(qiáng)調(diào)電影的魔力是讓人清楚地看到事情流暢地隨時(shí)間演變。

  根據(jù)這兩段文字所表達(dá)的意思,很多學(xué)生會(huì)選擇A或B選項(xiàng),因?yàn)樵奶峒傲擞^眾、小說(shuō)(書(shū))的內(nèi)容。A和B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)與原文所講的內(nèi)容并不是矛盾或完全不符合的。因此,這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)就干擾了我們正確的選擇。當(dāng)我們把這兩段文字仔細(xì)推敲之后,發(fā)現(xiàn)描述觀眾的反應(yīng)和對(duì)比書(shū)和電影的區(qū)別,都是為了表達(dá)電影的魔力在于表達(dá)事件隨時(shí)間的發(fā)展這一主題含義。C項(xiàng)的含義比AB要更準(zhǔn)確,因此答案選擇C項(xiàng)。

  五、多選題目的錯(cuò)誤干擾項(xiàng)

  相比之下,多選題目的錯(cuò)誤干擾項(xiàng)就較容易識(shí)別出來(lái)了。我們可以看到,有些題目中,某個(gè)選項(xiàng)與原文是直接矛盾的,那么肯定不會(huì)選擇它為正確的答案。比如:

  A recent survey found that in British secondary schools,

  A there was more bullying than had previously been the case.

  B there was less bullying than in primary schools.

  C cases of persistent bullying were very common.

  D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.

  我們看到原文,其中有一句話是:There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying. 通過(guò)這句話,我們可以明顯地判斷出,C項(xiàng)的含義與原文是矛盾的。very common和one in twenty-five的比例是明顯不符的。因此,C選項(xiàng)就是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的干擾項(xiàng),我們可以確定地排除答案是C項(xiàng)的可能性。

  六、多選題目的未提及干擾項(xiàng)

  有的干擾項(xiàng)在原文中并不存在,或者說(shuō)根據(jù)原文無(wú)法判斷這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是否正確,這種就是原文未提及的干擾項(xiàng)。此類干擾項(xiàng)難度也不大,但是卻是考查四選一時(shí)最常出現(xiàn)的、數(shù)量最多的干擾項(xiàng)。這種題的考查形式類似于T/F/NG判斷題中,NOT GIVEN的考查點(diǎn)。也就是說(shuō),選項(xiàng)提到的所謂的“事實(shí)”、“實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果”、“某人的觀點(diǎn)”等內(nèi)容是原文沒(méi)有涉及的或是我們無(wú)法根據(jù)原文提及的點(diǎn)來(lái)清楚判斷的。這種選項(xiàng)當(dāng)然不是正確答案,像我們上文提到的個(gè)例子中的D選項(xiàng)和第二個(gè)例子中的A/D選項(xiàng),都是典型的未提及的干擾項(xiàng)。這種選項(xiàng)雖然干擾性很弱,容易被大家排除,但是,也是耗費(fèi)我們做題時(shí)間的地方。我們需要逐個(gè)對(duì)比原文,判斷每個(gè)選項(xiàng)是否是我們需要的、符合題干的選項(xiàng),這里面就夾雜了未提及干擾項(xiàng)。若是某個(gè)選項(xiàng)涉及的內(nèi)容沒(méi)有被我們找到,而我們誤判這個(gè)選項(xiàng)為未提及干擾項(xiàng),也會(huì)導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。因此提醒考生們?cè)趯⑦x項(xiàng)與原文對(duì)比的過(guò)程必須要謹(jǐn)慎,如果由于忽略了原文的線索,將正確答案誤判為未提及干擾項(xiàng),那么未提及干擾項(xiàng)反而成了最難的考點(diǎn)。

  總之,我們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí),要逐一將選擇題的選項(xiàng)與原文進(jìn)行對(duì)照,排除掉與原文相矛盾的選項(xiàng)和原文未提及的選項(xiàng),找出正確的答案,這樣才能夠提升四選一題型的正確率。按照通常的考題干擾項(xiàng)比率,在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,除去正確答案,剩余的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤干擾項(xiàng)和未提及干擾項(xiàng)的比率為1:2,因此,大家在做題時(shí),在找到正確答案之前,任何一個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不能忽略,必須有明確的依據(jù)和肯定的判斷才可以得到較高的正確率。

  細(xì)說(shuō)雅思閱讀heading題型的選項(xiàng)

  文章首段選項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞:

  1. Concept, conception, notion, explanation, core, essence, analysis, justification, definition+of+文章標(biāo)題

  2. What is, what makes, what leads to+文章標(biāo)題

  3. Defy, justify+文章標(biāo)題

  文章末段選項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞:

  effect, impact, consequence, result, summary, conclusion+文章標(biāo)題

  中間段落選項(xiàng)標(biāo)志詞:

  1. 所有比較選項(xiàng):compare, contrast, versus, match, rival, similar, akin to, alien to contrary to,

  2. 所有數(shù)字選項(xiàng):data, figure, calculation, census, statistics,

  3. 所有百分比選項(xiàng):percentage, percent, rate, ratio, proportion, density, demography

  4. 所有金錢(qián)指示選項(xiàng):salary, wage, income, expenditure, expense, revenue

  5. 所有時(shí)間集中選項(xiàng):century, ages, decades, generation, duration, tradition, heritage, process, procedure

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