同義轉(zhuǎn)換在雅思閱讀中的重要性
同義轉(zhuǎn)換作為一種核心考察技能，在雅思考試聽說讀寫四門當中都有著舉足輕重的位置?？谡Z和寫作需要同義轉(zhuǎn)換體現(xiàn)詞匯水平及語言的多樣性。聽力原文和題目之間也必然存在同義轉(zhuǎn)換以考核學員的聽力理解能力。下面是小編為您收集整理的同義轉(zhuǎn)換在雅思閱讀中的重要性，供大家參考!
同義轉(zhuǎn)換在雅思閱讀中的重要性
一、詞的轉(zhuǎn)換
詞的轉(zhuǎn)換一般指的是只涉及單個單詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。單個單詞的轉(zhuǎn)換包括詞性轉(zhuǎn)換及同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換。其中詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是比較容易的一種，考生即便遇見不認識的單詞，也可以通過詞根詞綴進行猜測。如劍6中原文出現(xiàn)diabetes，考生并不熟悉糖尿病這個詞匯，但是題目中使用的是diabetic。相信考生在定位的過程中遇見這樣的轉(zhuǎn)換不會出現(xiàn)太大的定位困難。另，在不帶選項的Summary題型中，介于其很多題目仍然以細節(jié)為主，詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換在解題的過程中常常是一個考察的主要技能。如，
原文：Beyond this, it is also of paramount importance to recognize and understand the conventions of discourse structure, both generally and within specific subject areas.
題目要求：Complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of two words from the above paragraph to fill the spaces.
題目：To extract meaning quickly are effectively, it is also important to recognize conventional ___________ and the importance of the topic sentence and discourse markers.
這個Summary題目中的空格前的conventional 和原文當中的conventions既是一對典型的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換形式?？忌词箤τ赾onventional這個詞不熟悉也可以根據(jù)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的原則定位到原文相關(guān)的地方，對應(yīng)到相應(yīng)的答案the conventions of discourse structure。根據(jù)題目要求，答案的詞數(shù)限定為兩個詞，因此答案為discourse structure。
同義詞就另當別論了。同義轉(zhuǎn)換如果以同義詞的形式出現(xiàn)就很考察一個考生的詞匯量了?？忌绻幕蝾}目中有任何一個詞不明白意思的話，都很有可能造成定位不到的情況或者出現(xiàn)理解上的誤差。如，
原文：Understandings of word order, and the significance of changes in word order, are vital. The anticipation and recognition of common, acceptable and essential collocations clearly help the process of extracting information and meaning.
題目要求：Complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of two words from the above paragraph to fill the spaces.
題目： Word order is very important in predicting and __________ the most usual combinations.
空格要填的內(nèi)容是并列結(jié)構(gòu)中的一部分?？忌谠闹卸ㄎ坏竭@一句的主題Word order之后，只要找到并列結(jié)構(gòu)中的predicting就很容易篩選出相關(guān)答案。但是動詞的活躍性比較高。Predicting這個詞在原文當中已經(jīng)進行了同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，變成了anticipation。這個情況下，考生如果不熟悉anticipation的意思，將會比較難得出正確的答案recognizing。另外這一題的空后也涉及到了一個同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，combination和原文的collocation?？忌趥淇歼^程中如果做錯了這樣的題目，應(yīng)該注意同義詞的積累。
二、詞組的轉(zhuǎn)換
詞組的轉(zhuǎn)換一般情況下是同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換的一個衍生。當一個詞沒有辦法用另一個同義詞到位的解釋時，可能會出現(xiàn)用詞組解釋的情況。另外如果本身就是詞組的形式，那么一般來講還是會用詞組的形式進行解釋。如劍5當中的Text 4 Q36題目中的表述是 birds in temperate climates，而原文對應(yīng)的描述是temperate-zone birds.這種情況在T/F/NG當中也有體現(xiàn)。絕大多數(shù)選TRUE的情況，原文和題目一定會經(jīng)過同義轉(zhuǎn)換，如，
原文：Computers are gaining in popularity, despite their cost.
題目：Computers are more popular than they used to be.
原文當中的gaining in popularity題目中用more popular than they used to be作為替換。兩者在意思上市完全一致的統(tǒng)一轉(zhuǎn)換，所以答案為TRUE。
答案是FALSE的題目也可以通過同義轉(zhuǎn)換的比對來進行判斷，
原文：Biologically, a species becomes extinct when its last individual dies.
題目：In biological terms, a species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.
原文當中的biologically用題目的in biological terms作為替換。Become則由is said to be作為替換。但是原文當中的die在題目中變成了exist，直接相反的意思。介于這一處沒有實現(xiàn)正確的統(tǒng)一轉(zhuǎn)換，那么考生就可以判斷出此題是FALSE。
三、句子的轉(zhuǎn)換
雅思閱讀考試里涉及到的句子轉(zhuǎn)換一般是指句子結(jié)構(gòu)或語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換或者是對原文的概括，即用一兩句話對于原文的多句話進行一個總結(jié)概括。語態(tài)變化主要是指主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變。如，
原文：The Internet has often been criticized by the international society as a newly-emerging dangerous tool in the hands of terrorists.
題目：The international society has often criticized the Internet because it is not safe.
原文的被動語態(tài)在題目當中變成了主動的語態(tài)。單是因為題目缺少了條件狀語in the hands of terrorists，所以題目的正確答案為NOT GIVEN。
句子轉(zhuǎn)換的另一種形式是對原文的總結(jié)概括。Summary或者T/F/NG題目當中，有時候會出現(xiàn)原文和句子之間是總結(jié)概括關(guān)系。如，
原文：It has been proved that a rapid response leads to a great likelihood of arrest only if it is 1-2 minutes after a call is received by police. When the response time increases to 3-4 minutes, the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.
題目：A delay of 1-2 minutes in response may have substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal is caught.
這道題目源自一片講反應(yīng)速度的文章。原文中的兩句話講述的內(nèi)容為，如果警察在接到電話后的1-2分鐘反應(yīng)，抓住罪犯的可能性就非常大;如果3-4分鐘反應(yīng)，拘捕的可能性就會降低。這樣的意思在題目當中被概括為一句話，即延后反應(yīng)一到兩分鐘會降低抓住罪犯的可能性。
雅思詞匯 快餐式婚姻
認識很短的時間就閃婚了，然后又閃離。到了現(xiàn)在，人們對這種情況估計已經(jīng)司空見慣了吧，以至于都有了“快餐式婚姻”這樣的統(tǒng)稱了。
Marriages in modern society are like French fries produced on restaurant assembly lines, coming and going in the twinkle of an eye. There is flash marriage and flash divorce. Young men and women may get married soon after their first date, and then file for divorce not long after the wedding. Marriage is treated like a game. Getting married and divorced is just like having a meal in a fast-food restaurant, that’s where the term “fast-food marriage” comes from.
現(xiàn)代人的婚姻就像快餐廳里流水線上生產(chǎn)出來的薯條一樣，可以來去迅速。說穿了，就是我們平常所說 “閃婚”、 “閃離”。有好多青年男女認識不久就結(jié)婚，結(jié)婚沒幾年又離婚，把婚姻視同兒戲。結(jié)婚、離婚如吃快餐一樣快，這就是我們所說的“快餐式婚姻”。
With an increasing number of fast-food marriages, we may see fewer long-lasting marriages, like golden and silver weddings, in the future, but more broken families and lonely hearts.
隨著“快餐式婚姻”的增多，“銀婚”、“金婚”之類長久的婚姻今后可能會越來越少了。“快餐式婚姻”只會導致更多破裂的家庭和孤寂的心靈。