英語(yǔ)里什么是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)用法有哪些
對(duì)于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō),補(bǔ)語(yǔ)雖然是一常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象,但卻很難加以區(qū)分。英語(yǔ)里什么是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)呢?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的英語(yǔ)里什么是補(bǔ)語(yǔ),歡迎閱讀。
英語(yǔ)里什么是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是述補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明述語(yǔ)的結(jié)果、程度、趨向、可能、狀態(tài)、數(shù)量,目的等成分。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)與述語(yǔ)之間是補(bǔ)充與被補(bǔ)充,說(shuō)明與被說(shuō)明的關(guān)系。
補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的作用對(duì)象是主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),具有鮮明的定語(yǔ)性描寫(xiě)或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用的成份。最常見(jiàn)的是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。名詞、動(dòng)名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補(bǔ)。
英語(yǔ)里的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)用法
一、主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ):它用在系動(dòng)詞后,是句子的一個(gè)基本成分。常用主-系-表結(jié)構(gòu)。
1.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他們?cè)谝黄?,至少我認(rèn)為是她。(第一個(gè)her做賓 語(yǔ),them做介詞賓語(yǔ),第二個(gè)her做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
2.. -- Who broke the vase? --誰(shuí)打碎了花瓶?
-- Me. --我。 (me做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)= It's me.)
3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. (she做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。
二、賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
1.不定式(to do)
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠!?/p>
We believe him to be guilty. 我們相信他是有罪的。
We made him copy the sentence.
He is made to copy the sentence.
I felt my hands tremble.
2.名詞
At the meeting we elected him monitor.
I think your brother a clever boy.
3.形容詞
What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
I found the classroom empty
4.副詞
Please call the students back at once.
He was seen to take his cap off.
5.現(xiàn)在分詞
We hear him singing in the hall.
I found him lying in bed, sleeping.
6.過(guò)去分詞
He saw his face reflected in the water.
I heard it spoken of in the next room.
定義 置于賓語(yǔ)之后補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)者叫做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(Object Complement)。
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需取賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)才能完整清楚地表達(dá)其句意者稱為不完全及物動(dòng)詞(Incomplete transitive verb)。
主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的聯(lián)系
1、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),可以轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 eg. They caught the boy stealing. (stealing 作為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
轉(zhuǎn)化為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) The boy was caught stealing. (stealing轉(zhuǎn)化為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
2、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是密切相關(guān)的。例如:
(1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday.
(2) He was seen playing basketball yesterday.
句(1)中的含義不是我看見(jiàn)他,而是我看見(jiàn)他正在打籃球。playing basketball是賓語(yǔ)him的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。所以叫賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
句(2)中的含義也不是他被看,而是別人看見(jiàn)他正在打籃球。這里的playing basketball是主語(yǔ)he的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),故稱作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起稱作復(fù)合主語(yǔ)。所以含有主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子一般是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是可以接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))的及物動(dòng)詞。句首的主語(yǔ)就是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)。
看了英語(yǔ)里什么是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的人還看了: