高三英語的相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)
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高三英語的相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)1
一、就近一致原則
1.由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語時(shí)，通常根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
2.here/there引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子而主語又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，通常根據(jù)就近原則，謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。
Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.
二、意義一致原則
1.謂語動詞必須用單數(shù)的情況
(1)表示學(xué)科的名詞以及works(工廠)，news(消息)等作主語時(shí)，雖然本身為復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。
Politics is his favorite subject.
(2)表示某些組織機(jī)構(gòu)的名詞、書/報(bào)名、國名、地名等作主語時(shí)，雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但所表示的意義是單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?
2.謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)的情況
表示總稱意義的名詞，如people，police，public，cattle等作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The police are searching for the murderer.
3.謂語動詞的形式依據(jù)主語表示的意義而定
(1)集體名詞，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的形式根據(jù)其在語境中表示的意義而定。當(dāng)其表示集體意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù);當(dāng)其表示集體中各個(gè)組成部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.
(2)“the+形容詞/分詞”表示“一類人”時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
三、語法一致原則
1.由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語
(1)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+名詞單數(shù)”表示一個(gè)人(雙重身份)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.
(2)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+a/the+名詞單數(shù)”表示兩個(gè)人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
(3)“every+名詞單數(shù)+and+every+名詞單數(shù)”表示每一個(gè)人，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.
(4)通常由兩個(gè)部件組成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Bread and butter is not to his taste.
2.表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、長度及價(jià)格的名詞，盡管有時(shí)是復(fù)數(shù)形式但常被看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
Is fifty pounds enough?
3.“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的形式根據(jù)of后的名詞的形式來定，如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
Two-thirds of the books are about science.
Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.
高三英語的相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)2
一、一般過去將來時(shí)
1.概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。
2.時(shí)間狀語：The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語
+was/were +going to + do+其它;主語+would/should + do+其它
4.否定形式：主語+was/were+not + going to + do; 主語+would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說他第二天要去北京。
I asked who was going there.我問，誰要去那里。
二、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen
3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be +doing +其它
4.否定形式：主語+be +not +doing+其它
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。
6.例句：How are you feeling today?你今天感覺如何?
He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。
高三英語的相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)3
1. 定義：用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。
2. 構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句
3. 引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：
(1) 從屬連詞that。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。
(2) 從屬連詞whether。如：
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否會來這里還不清楚。
(3) 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如：
What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰來都?xì)g迎。
Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我的家。
解釋：
1. 主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有：
A. It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如：
It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。
It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告訴她了。
B. It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that從句。如：
It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遺憾我們不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。
C. It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that從句。如：
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
據(jù)報(bào)道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。
D. It+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句。如：
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來參加晚會。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。
E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如：
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我們在哪里開會毫無區(qū)別。
F. 當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報(bào)告是真的嗎?
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎?
G. 當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!
2.注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義
Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 來的人將受到歡迎。
Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正確的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你們當(dāng)中不論哪個(gè)進(jìn)來將會得到獎(jiǎng)
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