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高考英語科目沖刺復(fù)習(xí)知識

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2023高考英語科目沖刺復(fù)習(xí)知識

英語是高考必考科目,為了高考分數(shù)必須提高英語成績,那么英語高考的知識點有哪些呢?以下是小編整理的高考英語沖刺復(fù)習(xí)知識,希望可以提供給大家進行參考和借鑒。

高考英語科目沖刺復(fù)習(xí)知識

高三英語知識點總結(jié)

1. can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事,不由得不做某事

She couldn't hep smiling.

[比較]

(1) can't help but do 不得不……;不能不 When the streets are full of melting snow,

you can't help but get your shoes wet.

(2) cannot but 不能不,只能He could not but feel disappointed.

[歸納]

(1) help (sb.) (to) do sth. Help me get him back to bed at once. / By

helping them we are helping save ourselves.

(2) help...with sth. 幫助……做某事 In those days he used to help her mother with

her gardening.

(3) help oneself / sb. to sth. 給自己 / 別人夾菜 / 拿煙

等;擅自拿用 May I help you to some more vegetables?

(4) help...in sth. 在……方面幫助某人 She offered to help Rose in the housekeeping

when I am not here.

(5) help out 幫忙 (做事;克服困難等) I've often helped Bob out when he's been a bit

short of money.

2. 含go的短語

① go around 到處走/跑.(疾病)流傳,(謠言)傳開;go after 追求;go ahead 說吧,請吧,做吧;go away

離開,出去

② go back 走網(wǎng)頭路,翻悔改變;go bad 變壞;go boating 去劃船

③ go fishing 去釣魚;go for a walk去散步

④ go hiking 去徒步旅行;go home 回家

⑤ go in for 喜愛,從事于;go into 進入,加入

⑥ go mad 發(fā)瘋

⑦ go off 離去,去世;go on 繼續(xù),進展,依據(jù);go on doing 繼續(xù)做;go out 出去,發(fā)出去,熄滅,不時興;go over

研究,檢查,搜查

⑧ go shopping 去商店;go skating 去滑冰;go straight along 沿著;go swimming 去游泳

⑨ go through 通過,經(jīng)受,仔細檢查;go to bed

⑩ go up 上升

[例句] We'll go through the items one by one. 我們要逐條研究。She has gone back to

her old habits. 她又回到了已往的習(xí)慣。Come on Sunday by yourself - we can go over the house

together. 星期天你要過來.我們一起檢查一下房子。His speech went on for so long that people began to

fall asleep. 他的演講持續(xù)很長時間,結(jié)果人們開始想睡。That expression has gone out. Nobody Uses it

today. 那個短語已經(jīng)過時了,現(xiàn)在沒有人在用它。The young fellow hasn't realized that he has gone

wrong. 這個年輕人還沒有意識到他已經(jīng)誤入歧途。Tired of going shopping with his wife,Mr. Liu

pretended to have something important to do. 厭煩與妻子一起去購物,劉先生假裝有重要的事情要做。

高三英語必背知識點

虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣也是一個難點。所謂虛擬語氣是表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測或建議,而不表示客觀存在的事實。它通過句子的謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。

現(xiàn)歸納如下:純假設(shè),用虛擬,動詞時態(tài)退一級:條件句,分主從,主句謂語前加would

(should,could,might);表愿望,用虛擬,wish后面接賓語(從句):現(xiàn)在過去與將來,動詞時態(tài)退一級:提建議,用虛擬,賓語(從句)動詞用(should)do:倆建議,三要求,再加堅持與命令

(suggest,advise,demand,require,request,insist,order):It is time和eoukd

rather,后接叢句用虛擬:部分主語從句中, 謂語用虛擬結(jié)構(gòu) (It is necessry

/important/natural/natural/strange/strange that??should do)。 下面舉例說明:

A、If you came tomorrow,we would have the metting. (條件句虛擬)

B、Without air,there would be no living things.(同上)

C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虛擬)

D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建議虛擬)

E、It is(high)time that we left (should leave)now.(特殊從句虛擬)

F、I would rather you gave me the book.(同上)

G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday,(主語從句虛擬) H、He

speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊從句虛擬)

高考英語語法考點

一、定語從考點

1.which引導(dǎo)的代表整個主句內(nèi)容的非限制性定語從句which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時可代表主句內(nèi)容,前面有逗號與主句隔開。

例句:The CCTV’s 20__ Entertainment Party was successfullyheld on the evening of February 13th,20__, which wasanother great encouragement to all the Chinese.中央電視臺20__年春節(jié)文娛晚會于20__年2月13日晚成功舉行,這對全體中國人民來說又是一個巨大的鼓舞。

2.特定詞匯+of whom ,which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句介詞(包括復(fù)雜介詞),數(shù)詞(包括數(shù)量代詞)及其它含局部與整體關(guān)系的特定詞~E+of whom(指人)/which(指物)可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,此時前面不可加and,but等連詞,該結(jié)構(gòu)也可改為of whom /which+特定詞匯引導(dǎo)定語從句。

例句:Our English teacher has three daughters,all of whom /ofwhom all are considerate.

我們的英語老師有三個女兒,個個都很善解人意

3.由when.where引導(dǎo)的先行詞隱蔽度比較高的定語從句歷年的高考考查實踐表明,增加定語從句難度的手段之一是增加先行詞的隱蔽度,如用point,case,situation等抽象的地點名詞做先行詞,當其在定語從句中做地點狀語時用where引導(dǎo)定語從句的判斷難度會增加,用occasion,period等表示抽象時間的名詞做先行詞,當其在定語從句中做時間狀語時用when引導(dǎo)定語從句的判別難度也會增加。

例句:I’m sorry that I can’t think out a situation where thiskind of deion is used.

對不起我想不出這種描繪被使用的場合。

二、名詞性從句考點

1.what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

what可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,表示“. ·-的內(nèi)容(人、時間、地點、價格、速度、方式等)”。The Great Wall of China is what I most want to visit.長城是我最想?yún)⒂^的地方。

2. that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句

that可引導(dǎo)同位語從句,說明被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。

例句:Word hascome that the sports meeting will be put of.

有消息說運動會將被推遲。

3.whatever.whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 whatever和whoever可引導(dǎo)名詞Jl生從句,前者表示“無論什么 ,后者表示“不管誰 。

例句:You can give the book to whoever you think needs it.

你可以把這本書給任何你認為需要這本書的人。

4.whether,if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

if只可引導(dǎo)賓語從句且不能和or not連用。whether可引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從句且可和or not連用。

例句:When shall we discuss the question whether we will havea picnic next week?

我們什么時候討論下周是否搞一次野餐的問題?

三、狀語從句考點

1.where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句

where可引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句,表示“在..的地方 。0ur school lies where there is a small river.我們學(xué)校位于有一條小河的地方。

2.before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句

before引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時可表示“在..之前,尚未來得及,趁 。

例句:Thenaughty boy had run away before I could call him tostop.

我還沒有來得及叫住他,這個調(diào)皮男孩就跑開了。

3.unless.as/so long as引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句

unless,as/so long as可弓I導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,前者表示。除非 ,后者表示“只要 。

例句:As/So long as you treat them truly,you can win overtheir respect.

只要你真誠地對待他們,你會贏得他們的尊敬。

4 . so that.in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句

so that,in ease可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從旬,前者表示“以便”,后者表示“以免 。

例句:Please close all the doors and windows in ease it willrain.

請關(guān)上所有門窗,以防天會下雨。

5.while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句

while可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表示“盡管”。

例句:While this problem is very difficult,it is very important.

盡管這道題很難,卻很重要。

四、情態(tài)動詞考點

1.推測性情態(tài)動詞用法

may(可許,可能),might(可許,可能),must(一定,必定),can(或許,可能)均有推測性用法,其中might可能性最小,must可能性最大。may,might,must常用于肯定句,may,might用于否定句可表示“可能不 ,can常用于否定句和疑問句,用于否定句表示 不可能 。

例句:— — Can the man standing there be OUY physics teacher?

— — No.he can’t be our physics teacher.

— — 站在那邊的那個人可能是我們的物理老師嗎?

— — 不,不可能。

— — W i11 she buy you a birthday present?

— — 她會給你買生日禮物嗎

— — She may not.but I’m no so surf~.

— — 可能不會,但我不太有把握。

2.should的用法

should常表示“應(yīng)該”,但可置于句首用于條件狀語從句(省去if),表示。萬一 ,還可表示 竟然

例句:Should you see the thiel,try to catch him.如果你見到小偷,盡量捉住他。

I can’t imagine such a beautiful girl should be SO lazy.

我無法想像這樣一個漂亮的女孩竟如此懶惰。

3.may,must,earl’t,should (shouldn’t),ought to(oughtn’tto).needn’t的完成式用法mav have done表示“可能已經(jīng)做了某事 ,must have done表示“一定已經(jīng)做了某事”,can’t have done表示“不可能已經(jīng)做了某事”,should/ought to have done表示“本來應(yīng)該做某事但實際未做 ,shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done表示 本來不應(yīng)該做某事但實際已做”,Ileedn’t have done表示“本來沒有必要做某事但實際已做”。

例句:Our Chinese teacher isn’t in her offlee,so she may /might/must have gone home.

我們的語文老師不在辦公室,所以她可能/-~定回家了。

I saw his book ust now,so he can’t have lost it.

我剛才還見到了他的書,所以他不可能弄丟了這本書。

You failed the exam again.SO you should/ought to haveprepared for it.

你考試又失敗了,所以你本來是應(yīng)該為此做好準備的。

Thereare many mistakes in your article,SO you shouldn’t/oughtn’t have been SO careless.

你的文章中有許多錯誤,所以你本來是不應(yīng)該這么粗心的。

The exam tum ed out to be SO easy,so you needn’t aveworried about it.

這次考試結(jié)果證明這么容易,所以你本來是沒有必要為此而擔(dān)心的。

五、倒裝句型考點

1.完全倒裝句型考點

地點狀語置于句首時需要使用完全倒裝句型,將動詞直接提前。

例句:At the back of our school stands a high tower.

我們學(xué)校后面矗立著一座高塔。

SO(肯定句中表示“也”),neither,IOF(否定旬中表示“也”),80.that. (引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句)j only(不修飾主句),no[only.but also. (不連接主語,連接兩個分旬時第一個分旬倒裝,第二個分句不倒裝),not until,Never,hardly,little,hardly.when., SO SO01qe/"than,not a,nowhere,in no ease等詞或短語置于句首時應(yīng)使用不完全倒裝句型。

例句:Only then did we realize the harm of pollution.

只有在那時我們才意識到污染的危害。

Not until early the next morning did we know the truth ofthe matter.

直到第二天一大早我們才知道了事情的真相。

Not only does she work hard but also she is very honest.

她不但工作很認真,而且人也很誠實。

2.as引導(dǎo)的特殊倒裝句型

as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時可將表語、動詞、副詞提前,將as緊隨其后。如果表語為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,提前時應(yīng)去掉不定冠詞。

例句:Weak as she was,she still went on working.

盡管她身體虛弱,仍繼續(xù)工作。

Child as he is,he has rich knowledge. 盡管他還是一個小孩,卻有豐富的知識。

六、虛擬語氣考點

1.與過去事實相反的if虛擬條件狀語從句與過去事實相反時,從句動詞用had done,主句動詞用would,could,should,might have done,當從句動詞含有were,had,could,should時可將其提至句首將if省略。

例句:Had I known it at that time,I would have told you.

如果那時我知道這件事一定告訴了你。

2.混合虛擬條件從句

如果if虛擬條件狀語主從句時態(tài)不一致,應(yīng)根據(jù)各自所體現(xiàn)的時間關(guān)系加以適當?shù)恼{(diào)整,采用不同的動詞形式。

例句:If she had told me her telephone number yesterday,Icould phone her now.

如果她昨天把她的電話號碼告訴了我,我現(xiàn)在就可以給她打電話了。

3.with.without.but for引導(dǎo)的含蓄虛擬條件從句with,without,but for可取代if引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬條件從句。

例句:With your help,I could have made more achievements.

如果得到你的幫助,我一定會取得更多成就。

Without your support. I couldn’t have accomplished mytask SO smoothly.

沒有你的支持我不可能如此順利地完成任務(wù)。

But for the information.I couldn’t have made such agood plan.

要不是這個信息我不可能制定這么好的計劃。

4.wish引導(dǎo)的表示過去主觀愿望的賓語從句

wish引導(dǎo)賓語從句時如果表示過去的主觀愿望,從句動詞應(yīng)用had done或could have done。

例句:I wish I had /could have watched that basketball matchyesterdayafternoon.

我希望我昨天下午看了那場籃球賽。

5.insist,suggest引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

insist,suggest接賓語從若表示建議應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,動詞形式為(should)do,但如果insist表示 堅持認為,固執(zhí)己見 ,suggest表示。表明、暗示 ,所在賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述語氣。

例句:Thedoctor insisted that the patient was seriously ill and(should)be 0Dcrated 0n at once. 醫(yī)生堅持認為病人病得很嚴重,建議其立即做手術(shù)。

The dark cloud in the sky suggests that it is going torain,SO I suggest that you (should)get in all the crops.

天上的黑云表明天要下雨了,所以我建議你把所有的莊稼收上來。

七、不定式考點

1.不定式做目的狀語

不定式可做目的狀語,如果對其強調(diào)可將其提至句首,此時應(yīng)注意人稱一致。

為了及時趕到那里,她將自行車騎得很快。

誤:T0 get there in time.her bike waS ridden fast.

正:To get there in time.she rode her bike fast.

2.不定式做結(jié)果狀語

不定式可做結(jié)果狀語,強調(diào)出乎意料的動作,此時前面可加onlyo

例句:I went to see her to find her absent.

我去看她結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)她不在家。

She hurried to the station to be told the train had left.

她匆忙趕往火車站,結(jié)果被告知火車已經(jīng)開走。

3.不定式的復(fù)雜形式

不定式除有一般式外,還有否定式not to do,進行式to bedoing、完成式to have done、被動式to be done、完成被動式tohave beendone等復(fù)雜形式。

例句;All the employees worked hard not to be fired.

為了不被解雇,所有的員工努力工作。Mary is said to have come back from abroad. 據(jù)說瑪麗已經(jīng)從國外回來。

This book is reported to have been translated into manyforeign languages.

據(jù)說這本書已經(jīng)被譯成多國文字。

I’m sure she is sure to be impatiently waiting for US.

我相信她一定在不耐煩地等待我們。

Nobody likes to be scolded in public.

沒有人喜歡在公共場合受到別人的責(zé)備。

4.不定式獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

with+名詞+不定式可構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語,表示未來的動作。

例句:Witha lot of work to do,I can’t help you at present.

因為有許多工作要做,我現(xiàn)在不能幫助你。

八、V—ing形式考點

1.V—ing形式做賓語

excuse. f0r. ,can’t help,suggest,include,insist on,keep on, consider, finish, practice, put off, postpone, delay,miss,avoid,give up,imagine,feel like,enjoy,risk,mind,appreciate,stand,escape等詞后面只能接V—ing形式做賓語。remember 得曾做某事),forget(忘了曾做某事),mean(意謂著),try(嘗試),regret (后悔),go on (繼續(xù)做同一件事),stop(停止做某事),need(主語需要被..)等詞表示括號內(nèi)的含義時也應(yīng)接v—ing形式做賓語。

例句:The hare was lucky enough to have avoided being caught.

這只野兔很幸運,錯過了被捉住。

She can hardly stand being treated SO unfairly.她幾乎忍受不了被如此不公平地對待。

— —Sorry.I took your English—Chinese dictionary bymistake.

— — — — By mistake? I think you meant tO do SO.

— — 對不起,我拿錯了你的英漢字典。

— — 拿錯了 我認為你是有意這么做的。

2.V—ing形式做定語

V—ing形式做定語可表示被修飾名詞的的用途和性質(zhì),也可表示正在進行的動作。

例句:The great noise comes from the building being built now.

這巨大的噪音來自正在被建的樓房。

3.V—ing形式做狀語

V—ing形式做狀語常表示動作正在進行,此時應(yīng)注意它的邏輯主語為主句主語。

例句:Holding a book in his hand,he came into the room.

他手里拿著一本書走進了房間。

讀這本書時,這女孩熱淚盈眶。

誤:Reading this book,tears came to the girl’s eyes.

誤:Reading this book.the girl’s eyes were full of tears.

正:Reading this book.the girl bumt into tears.

4. V—ing形式做賓語補足語

V—ing形式做賓語補足語也表示動作正在進行。

例句:WhenI came to the five~ide.I f0und girl struggling inthe water.

來到河邊時我看見一個女孩在水中掙扎。

5. V—ing形式獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

with+名詞+V—ing形式可構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語,表示正在進行的動作。

例句:With the water still rising,the villages couldn’t return totheir village.

因為水位還在上漲,村民們無法回到村里。

6.V—ing形式復(fù)雜形式

V—ing形式除有一般式外還有完成式having done,被動式being done,完成被動式having been done,否定式not doing,完成否定式not having done,完成被動式的否定式not havingbeen done。

例句:Havingsaid goodbye to each other, the children wenthome.

彼此說了再見之后,孩子們回家了。

When 1entered their office,I found the meeting beingheld.

當我進入他們的辦公室時,我發(fā)現(xiàn)這次會議正在被舉行。

Having been put on many times,the film became verypopular.

被放映多次之后,這場電影變得非常走俏。

Not having been elected a model teacher, the youngwoman felt very disappointed.

沒有被選為模范教師,這個年輕女子感到非常失望。

九、過去分詞考點猜想

1.過去分詞做狀語

過去分詞做狀語常表示被動的動作,也可因來自系表結(jié)構(gòu)而表示主動的動作。

例句:Caught in a heavy rain,the girl was all wet.

因為被澆了一場大雨,這女孩渾身濕透了。

Dressed in a newly bought skirt,the young woman lookedmore charming.

因為穿著一條新買的裙子,這個年輕女子看起來更嫵媚了。

2.過去分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

with+名詞+過去分詞可構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語,表示被動的動作。

例句:With his homework finished, the boy went out to getrelaxed.

因為家庭作業(yè)完成了,這個男孩出去放松了一下。

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