2022高三英語知識點歸納
英語是不能一步登天的,我們必須要學(xué)會一步一個腳印慢慢積累。因為人的大腦不容易像計算機一樣高效率做很多任務(wù),下面是小編為大家整理的高三英語知識點,歡迎閱讀!
高三英語知識點歸納
一、就近一致原則
1.由or,not
only...butalso...,neither...nor...,either...or...,whether...or...,not...but...等連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時,通常根據(jù)就近一致原則,謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
2.here/there引導(dǎo)一個句子而主語又不止一個時,通常根據(jù)就近原則,謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。
Here is a ruler,a few pencils and two copybooks.
二、意義一致原則
1.謂語動詞必須用單數(shù)的情況
(1)表示學(xué)科的名詞以及works(工廠),news(消息)等作主語時,雖然本身為復(fù)數(shù)形式,但表示單數(shù)意義時,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。
Politics is his favorite subject.
(2)表示某些組織機構(gòu)的名詞、書/報名、國名、地名等作主語時,雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但所表示的意義是單數(shù),所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?
2.謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)的情況
表示總稱意義的名詞,如people,police,public,cattle等作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The police are searching for the murderer.
3.謂語動詞的形式依據(jù)主語表示的意義而定
(1)集體名詞,如family,class,group,team,club,company,government,population等作主語時,謂語動詞的形式根據(jù)其在語境中表示的意義而定。當(dāng)其表示集體意義,強調(diào)整體概念時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);當(dāng)其表示集體中各個組成部分,強調(diào)個體概念時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
As far as I know,his family is not very large but the family are all musiclovers.
(2)“the+形容詞/分詞”表示“一類人”時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
三、語法一致原則
1.由and連接的兩個名詞作主語
(1)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+名詞單數(shù)”表示一個人(雙重身份),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.
(2)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+a/the+名詞單數(shù)”表示兩個人,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
(3)“every+名詞單數(shù)+and+every+名詞單數(shù)”表示每一個人,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in ourcountry.
(4)通常由兩個部件組成的物品如:a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Bread and butter is not to his taste.
2.表示時間、數(shù)量、長度及價格的名詞,盡管有時是復(fù)數(shù)形式但常被看作是一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
Is fifty pounds enough?
3.“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞的形式根據(jù)of后的名詞的形式來定,如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;
如果名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
Two-thirds of the books are about science.
Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.
高三英語重點知識
一、全部倒裝
1.There be句型:可以用在這類句型中的動詞除b。
外,還可用live,happen,exist,remaln,stand等作這類句型的謂語。例如:
(l)There are many students in the classroom
(2)Long long ago there lived a king who loved horsesvery much.
2.Here/there/now+vi(常為come,go)+主語(必須是名詞)。此句型中here/there是用來喚起注意,意為:
喂,注意了。例如:Here comes Mary.可轉(zhuǎn)換為:I can seeMary coming.
here在句中也可接系動詞,例如:Here is John3.then引起謂語為come,follow的句子,例如:
(l)Then came a new difficulty.然后產(chǎn)生了一個新的困難。
(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-JapaneseWar.接著是八年抗戰(zhàn)。
4- out,in,up,down,away之類的副詞作狀語放在句首,主語比較長,也就是說主語不能是很短的人稱代詞,謂語為不及物動詞come,go,run,rush等。句式為:副詞_LVi.+主語(必須是名詞)。例如:
Away went the boy.
5.介詞短語作狀語放在句首,謂語為不及物動詞,主語比較長,也就是說主語不能是很短的人稱代詞。句式為:介詞短語+Vi.+主語(必須是名詞)。例如:
In the middle of our school stands a high building.
6.表語放在句首,表語常為形容詞、分詞、副詞、介詞短語。要求主語比較長,也就是說主語不能是很短的人稱代詞。句式為:表語十系動詞十主語(必須是名詞)。例如:
(1) Very important in the farms' life is the radioweather report.
(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
7.直接引語中間或后面表示某人說這句話的插入語(特別是謂語較短時),例如:“Help! Help!”cried the littlegirl.小姑娘叫道:“救命!救命!”
如果主語沒有謂語長,或是它后面有賓語,主語就仍然放在前面,例如:“That man is a famous film star,”XiaoYang told me in a whisper.小楊低聲告訴我說:“那個人是著名的電影明星?!?/p>
二、部分倒裝
1.only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句置于句首,例如:
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
注意:
①在only+狀語從句十主句結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)但從句用正常語序。
②only修飾主語,不倒裝。
2.否定詞(短語)開頭的句子,表示否定意義的副詞never, nor,neither.表示半否定意義的副詞hardly,few,seldom,little,含有no和not的詞組如by no means(絕不),in no time(很快),at no time(在任何時候都不,在任何情況下都不),not until,not only..but also...no sooner...than.
hardly.一when,scarcely when等情況下,結(jié)構(gòu)為“否定詞十助動詞/情態(tài)動詞十主語十其他”。例如:
(1) Never have I been in this city.
(2) Little/Seldom d0 1 watch TV.
(3)Not until I began to work did I realize how muchtime I had wasted.
注意:①關(guān)聯(lián)詞的搭配;②前一分句倒裝,后一分句不倒裝。
3.以so開頭,用“so+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞十主語”表面;前面敘述的肯定情況也適合于另一個人或物,譯作“也,同樣,也如此”。表示前面敘述的否定情況也適合于另一個人或物,用“neither/nor+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞十主語”。譯作“也不是,也沒有”。例如:Society has changedand so have the people in it.社會變了,人也變了。
注意:
①當(dāng)s0表示對前句內(nèi)容的肯定、附和,或進一步強調(diào)前面所說的情況,或者贊同前面的說法譯作“的確,正是”時應(yīng)用自然語序:
-Tom works hard.
-So he does and so do you.
②倒裝部分的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、連系動詞的時態(tài)和形式要與前句相一致,主謂一致的變化要與后面主語相呼應(yīng)。例如:If you don't go, neither/nor shal] I.(If youdon't go,I shall not go.)注意:表示前面的多種情況也適合于另一人或物,或者既有肯定又有否定情況或涉及不同類型的動詞時可用:
It is the same with something /somebody.或So it is withsomething/somebody.例如:She does well in English, butis poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.
4.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)為表語/狀語/動詞原形+as+主語十其他,例如:Hard as he tried,he didn,t succeed注意:表語前的名詞無形容詞修飾時,冠詞要省略。
5.so+adj. /adv.放在句首,例如:So afraid was he inthe darkness that he didn't dare to move an inch.
6.如果虛擬條件句的謂語含有were,。hould,had,可以把if省略,而將這三個詞放于條件句主語前構(gòu)成倒裝。
例如:If there should be a flood,what woulci we d07一Should there be a flood, what would we do?
7.頻度副詞及短語often,always,now and then,many8 tlme,e”ery other day等放在句首時,有時也倒裝。例如:
Many a time has he come to comfort me.
8.某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒裝語序,例如:
May you succeed.祝你成功!
高三英語知識點總結(jié)
1.定義:用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。
2.構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句
3.引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類:
(1) 從屬連詞that。 如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facialresemblance between them.
很明顯,她們確是親姐妹,她們的臉型很相似。
(2) 從屬連詞whether。如:
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否會來這里還不清楚。
(3) 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如:
What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.這事怎樣發(fā)生的,誰也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome.不論誰來都?xì)g迎。
Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我的家。
解釋:
1.主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。
常以it作形式主語的句型有:
A.It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny,possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如:
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。
It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告訴她了。
B.It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise,etc.)+that從句。如:
It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遺憾我們不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。
C.It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced,arranged, etc.)+that從句。如:
It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite intoorbit.
據(jù)報道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。
D.It+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句。如:
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不來參加晚會。
It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。
E.It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如:
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我們在哪里開會毫無區(qū)別。
F.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時,要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。如:
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報告是真的嗎?
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎?
G.當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時,要以it作形式主語,而把主語從句后置。如:
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!
2.注意連接代詞whoever,
whatever, whichever等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義
Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who) 來的人將受到歡迎。
Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正確的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of youwho) 你們當(dāng)中不論哪個進來將會得到獎
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