英語(yǔ)必修五知識(shí)點(diǎn)(2)
英語(yǔ)必修五知識(shí)點(diǎn)：過去分詞
過去分詞兼有動(dòng)詞、副詞和形容詞的特征，可以帶賓語(yǔ)或受狀語(yǔ)修飾。過去分詞和賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成過去分詞短語(yǔ)。它在句中可以作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。這節(jié)課講解作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)的用法。
1. 作定語(yǔ)
作定語(yǔ)的過去分詞如果是單詞，一般放在被修飾詞的前面;過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，一般放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
This is a book written by a worker.
2. 作表語(yǔ)
過去分詞作表語(yǔ),多表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。
I was pleased at the news.
The door remained locked.
過去分詞作表語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，常見的有：delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。
過去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意與被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或具有的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn);被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。
The small village is surrounded by trees.(狀態(tài))
The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.(動(dòng)作)
I'm interested in chess.(狀態(tài))
3. 過去分詞做狀語(yǔ)
①表時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)過去分詞前可加連詞 when 或 while 來強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
②表原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
?、郾?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)過去分詞前可用 if 等詞
Heated, water changes into steam.
Given another chance, he will do better.
?、鼙碜尣?，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
⑤表伴隨，說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況。
Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.
The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.
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