初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
初三的學(xué)習(xí),是一個(gè)忙碌而緊張的階段,在英語的學(xué)習(xí)過程中,我們要做好每一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的總結(jié)。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編收集整理的初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)以供大家學(xué)習(xí)!
初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(一)
Since 用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間,for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法,很容易排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時(shí)中的誤用。
(1)(對)Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
(2)(錯(cuò))Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(二)
will與would的區(qū)別
1.表示意愿時(shí)的區(qū)別
will 表示現(xiàn)在的意愿,would 表示過去的意愿:
Go where you will. 你愿到哪里就到哪里。
She asked if I would go with them. 她問我是否愿意同他們一起去。
2.表示征求意見或提出請求的區(qū)別
主要用于第二人稱的疑問句中,will 和 would 均可用,would 此時(shí)并不表示過去,而表示委婉語氣:
Won’t you take off your coat? 你要不要把大衣脫掉?
Will you please post the letter for me? 請幫我寄了這封信好嗎?
3.表示習(xí)慣和傾向性的區(qū)別
will 表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣,would 表示過去的習(xí)慣:
This window won’t open. 這扇窗戶經(jīng)常打不開。
When he was a child, he would often go skating. 他小時(shí)候經(jīng)常去滑冰。
would like / would love可視為習(xí)語,意為“想要”,其后接名詞、代詞或不定式:
I would like a cup of tea. 我想要杯茶。
We would love to go with him. 我們想同他一起去。
初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(三)
The用法
1.表示特指的人或物
例:Please hand me the key on the desk. 請把桌上的鑰匙遞給我。
The girl in red is his sister. 穿紅色衣服的女孩是他妹妹。
The building over there is the tallest in the town. 那邊那幢大樓是這個(gè)城里最高的。
I like the music of the film. 我喜歡這部電影的音樂。
2.表示雙方都知道的或心中明白的人或物
例: Shut the door, please. 請關(guān)門。
Has he returned the book? 那本書他還了嗎?
Take the blue one, it is cheaper. 拿那個(gè)藍(lán)的,它便宜些。
3.第二次提到
某人或某物第一次提到時(shí)用不定冠詞,第二次提到時(shí)要用定冠詞。
例:He saw a house in the distance. Jim's parents lived in the house. 他看見遠(yuǎn)處有一所房子,吉姆的父母就住在那所房子里。
There was once an old fisherman. The old fisherman had a cat. The cat was white. 從前有一個(gè)老漁夫。這個(gè)老漁夫有一只貓。這只貓是只白貓。
4.用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的名詞前
the sun太陽, the earth地球, the moon月亮,
the sky天空, the world 世界
例:The moon goes round the earth. 月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。
There is not any cloud in the sky. 天空中沒有一絲云彩。
It was a fine day in spring. The sun shone brightly. 這是一個(gè)晴朗的春日,陽光燦爛。
He is the richest man in the world. 他是世界上最富的人。
5.用在表示方向、方位的名詞前
the east東方,the west西方,the south南方,
the north北方,the right右邊,the left左邊
例:The birds are flying to the north. 這些鳥向北方飛去。
The moon rises in the east and sets in the west. 月亮從東方升起,在西方落下。
The wind was blowing from the south. 風(fēng)從南方吹來。
She lived to the west of the Summer Palace. 她住在頤和園的西邊。
初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(四)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
常與always,often,sometimes, every day連用,表示習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。提醒你當(dāng)?shù)谌朔Q單數(shù)做主語時(shí),別忘了動(dòng)詞的變化。注意:象"地球大,月亮小"等客觀真理、事實(shí)一定用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):
要注意其構(gòu)成:由be+動(dòng)詞+ing,表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:We're studying now. 我們現(xiàn)在正在學(xué)習(xí)。
一般過去時(shí):
表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示過去時(shí)間的狀語連用。注意:We often went to dance last summer.有的同學(xué)一見到often就想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),其實(shí)因?yàn)楹竺嬗斜硎具^去時(shí)間的 last summer,所以要用過去式,千萬別誤用了,切記,切記。
過去進(jìn)行時(shí):
顯然過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在做什么,常和特定的時(shí)間狀語如at that time,at six yesterday,at that moment,when he came in等連用。如: When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking.
一般將來時(shí):
表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來時(shí)間狀語如 next year,tomorrow等連用。注意:在Will you …?問句中,回答必須是 Yes,I will.或 No,I won't而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shan't.來回答過去將來時(shí):過去將來時(shí)不可以單獨(dú)使用,它一般在賓語從句中作間接引語,表示從過去某一時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如:They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
顧名思義,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,但動(dòng)作造成的影響還在,常被just,already,yet 等副詞修飾。如:He has already gone to Tianjin. 對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是他已經(jīng)不在這兒了?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用來表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,常帶有for或since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。如:Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動(dòng)作,我們常用"過"來表示,常帶有twice, once, ever, never等時(shí)間狀語。如:I've never seen that film.
過去完成時(shí):
我們可以用"過去的過去"來概括過去完成時(shí),表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作,通常與by,before等構(gòu)成的短語或when, before, after引導(dǎo)的從句連用。也可表示過去某一時(shí)間開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,常和for或since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。用法和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)大致相同,只不過又向前推了一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。
初三英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(五)
時(shí)間狀語從句
時(shí)間狀語從句常用從屬連詞when,after,until,as soon as,等來引導(dǎo)。
當(dāng)主句是祈使句或謂語動(dòng)詞是一般將來時(shí)態(tài)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),其時(shí)間狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。這就是我們常說的“主將從現(xiàn)”。
如:Please call me when you get there.當(dāng)你到那時(shí),請給我打個(gè)電話。
I will write to you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就給你寫信。
<溫馨提示>since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句表示“自從…以來”,從句中的動(dòng)詞一般表示動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn),用過去時(shí);而主句的動(dòng)作延續(xù)的情況則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。常用的句型為:
It has been/is+一段時(shí)間+since+過去時(shí)。
如:I has been/is three years since we met last time.自從我們上次見面,已經(jīng)三年了。
條件狀語從句
引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞或詞組有:if(如果),unless(除非),as long as(只要)等。如果主句是將來時(shí),條件狀語從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示。
如:I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨,我就待在家。
You can’t learn English well unless you work hard.
除非你努力學(xué)習(xí),否則是學(xué)不好英語的。
<溫馨提示>由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,若從句表達(dá)的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的事實(shí),則常用虛擬語氣,即用過去時(shí)態(tài)表示(如果涉及到be動(dòng)詞,一律都用were)。此時(shí),主句則用過去將來時(shí)。
如:If I had enough money,I would buy it for you.如果我又足夠的錢,我將把它買給你。
I wouldn’t do it if I were you.如果我是你,我是不會(huì)做的。
原因狀語從句
because,since,as,for都可用來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,那么它們又有哪些區(qū)別呢?
?、賐ecause用來表示“造成某種結(jié)果的直接原因”,語氣較濃,常用來回答why提出的問句。如:
---Why are you late?
---Because my bike is broken.
?、赼s和since用來表示“看的到的或是不說也知道的原因”,since也可譯作:“既然”。
如:As he is old enough,let him do it.他既然長大了,就讓他干吧!
Since his shoes are worn out,let’s buy him a new pair.
既然他的鞋壞了,那我們就給他買雙新的吧。
③for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句不置于句首,常用來表示“順便提及的理由”,只是稍帶說明原因,并非強(qiáng)調(diào)。
如:I must stay here,for it’s raining so hard.我必須得待在這兒,因?yàn)橛晗碌暮艽蟆?/p>
初三英語練習(xí)題
As my friend was passing some elephants,he suddenly stopped.He was confused by the fact that these huge animals were being held by nothing but a small rope.The rope was tied to their front legs. It was 1 that the elephants could break away from the ropes at any time.But for some 2 ,they did not.
My friend saw a trainer nearby and asked why these elephants
just stood there and didn't 3 to get away.
“Well,” he said,“when they are very 4 and much smaller,we use the same size rope to tie them.At that age,it's enough to hold them.As they grow up,they are used to 5 that they cannot break away.They believe the rope can 6 hold them,so they never try to break free.”
My friend was amazed.These animals could at any time break free, 7 because they believed they couldn't,they were stuck right where they were.
Like the elephants,how many of us go 8 life hanging onto a belief that we cannot do something,simply because we 9 at it once before? How many of us are being held back by old,outdated 10 that no longer serve us?
1.A.clear B.necessary C.interesting D.important
2.A.business B.time C.duty D.reason
3.A.try B.continue C.remember D.refuse
4.A.strong B.sleepy C.young D.tired
5.A.guessing B.believing C.proving D.regretting
6.A.ever B.even C.never D.still
7.A.but B.and C.or D.so
8.A.across B.into C.through D.over
9.A.failed B.laughed C.aimed D.looked
10.A.dreams B.instructions C.beliefs D.Chances
答案:
1-5: ADACB
6-10: DACAC
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