八年級英語語法知識
八年級英語語法知識
學好英語的語法是相當重要的。下面是學習啦小編收集整理的八年級英語語法知識以供大家學習。
八年級英語語法知識(一)
動詞形態(tài)不對應
下面兩則廣告中的第二個動詞形態(tài)就和前面的不對應，因此屬于一種字形上的錯誤：
① If you intend to buy or sell your property or having any queries, please feel free to call me .
?、?You will be in charge of interviewing and shortlisting candidates and to assist in the recruitment of 500 staff.
在第一句里的“having”應改為“have”才對。不然，就要把這個分句完全寫出來：
“…… or if you have any queries, ……”
第二句里的“and”是銜接前面的動名詞“interviewing and shortlisting”和后面的動名詞“assisting”。顯然，這里不用動名詞而用不定式動詞“to assist”，也是犯了動詞形式不對應的錯誤，非改正不可。
還有，根據(jù)字詞的排列，“shortlisting”要排在“ interviewing”前面，才合邏輯。
?、俸廷谶@類的錯誤相當普遍。雖然這樣的錯誤不會影響人們對文章的理解，但是總不是件文字上的好事，還是多多注意，盡量避免好。
同樣的，下列5個從學生作業(yè)中找出來的句子，也犯了同樣的毛?。?/p>
?、?This will enable the parent to experience the new style of life and allows him or her enough time to consider settling down.
?、?Utopianism violates the human conscience, denies privacy to individuals and discard human rights.
?、?They have to reach a decision on either sending their child to a day-care centre or employ a maid.
⑥ It is very hard to relate the stories through other means and at the same time retains the critical aspects of the book.
⑦ This problem can be solved by developing correct language skills, concentrating on studies day by day, and try not to exert too much pressure.
?、鄣舰呔渥永锏膭釉~形態(tài)的錯誤是明顯的，改正也是容易的，即：
?、?allow; ④ discards; ⑤ employing; ⑥ retain; ⑦ trying.
八年級英語語法知識(二)
英語多義詞
由于一詞多義在英語詞匯的運用上非常重要，這里不厭其煩地再舉一個家喻戶曉的常用字 break，以加強我對這點的重視。
作為動詞，break 有下列 12 個常用意思：
?、?打破、斷，如：(a)If you drop the cup, you will break it. (b)The rope suddenly broke.
?、?違反、違約，如：(a)Don't break the law. (b)Tom is notorious for breaking promises.
③ 傷、毀，如：(a)Tony broke Jane's heart by not marrying her. (b)Judy dropped her watch and broke it.
?、?中斷、打斷，如：(a)The barking of the dog broke our sleep. (b)The stranger rushed in and broke our conversation.
?、?破曉，如：They arrived at the airport just as the day was breaking.
?、?放棄，如：It is hard to break the habit of smoking.
?、?開路，如：We sometimes saw voluntary workers help break paths in villages.
?、?毫無得失，如：He bought the sewing machine at 0 and sold it at the same price. He broke even on the deal.
?、?闖入，如：A thief broke into my neigbour's house and ran away with some valuables.
?、?爆發(fā)，如：If a new world war breaks out, can you imagine the consequences?
11. 突破，如：The soldiers tried to break through the enemy's line.
12. 停止，如：The meeting suddenly broke up.
當名詞時，break 有 5 個常見義，如下：
?、?裂口：Please send for a plumber to repair the break in the water pipe.
?、?拂曉：Fish mongers start work at the break of the day.
?、?吃茶點時間：A few of us have a tea-break at 11am every day.
④ 休息：There is one-hour break for lunch.
?、?變動：The bankrupt man has a break in his way of living.
八年級英語語法知識(三)
動詞主語別忘了呼應
根據(jù)英語語法規(guī)律，形容詞分句(也叫定語從句，adjective clause)里的動詞必須和主句里的先行詞(antecedent)呼應。先行詞是單數(shù)，形容詞分句中的動詞便是單數(shù);先行詞是復數(shù)，形容詞分句中的動詞便是復數(shù)。例如：
?、?Do you know the woman who is walking the dog?(陪狗散步)
?、?Those who have performed well in the tournament will be rewarded.
在①里，先行詞the woman是單數(shù)，形容詞分句里的動詞is也是單數(shù)。反之，②里的先行詞those是復數(shù)，who后面的動詞也是復數(shù)have.
根據(jù)這原則，who is upgrading 中的is便要改為are了。
動詞與主語不呼應的錯誤比比皆是。除了上述例子外，常見的錯誤還有下面幾種類型：
?、跦as Mr and Mrs Li decided to emigrate?
④Do your uncle live in Malaysia?
?、軹here is several beautiful paintings on the wall.
?、轙he news of Henry's resignation were received with great surprise.
?、遅hat we are doing are good for the nation as a whole.
?、郤omeone have forgotten to turn off the light.
在③里，助動詞 has 和復數(shù)主語 Mr and Mrs Li 不符，要改為 have.第④句里的 do 和 your uncle 不搭配，要改為 does.第⑤ 句里的 is 和真正主語 paintings 的數(shù)不一致，應改為 are.這個句子也可改變?yōu)椋?ldquo;Several beautiful paintings are on the wall”。在⑥里的主語 news，其形式是復數(shù)，但意思是單數(shù)，動詞也要單數(shù)的 was received 才行。⑦里的主語是名詞分句(noun clause)，是個單數(shù)的單位，動詞也要單數(shù)的 is，不是 are.在⑧ 里的主語 someone 是單數(shù)代名詞，隨后的動詞必須是 has forgotten 才對。
上述動詞和主語不一致的毛病，屢見不鮮;即使英語能力好的人，也難幸免。
下面這句英語很好，但是里面的動詞對嗎?是 has 還是 have 呢?
“Its unique concept and impressive magnitude has made it the talking point of the region.”
既然這句的主語是由 concept 和 magnitude 組成，便是復數(shù)，謂語動詞當然也要復數(shù) have 才是。