初二英語(yǔ)必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用

　　學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，掌握好英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是相當(dāng)重要的。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編收集整理的初二英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)以供大家學(xué)習(xí)。

　　初二英語(yǔ)必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用

　　英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞必須在人稱(person)、數(shù)目(number)、性別( gender)和格(case)這些方面和主語(yǔ)取得一致或互相呼應(yīng)。

　　在學(xué)生的英文作文中，動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)呼應(yīng)上的錯(cuò)誤，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。

　　下面這句話來(lái)自一個(gè)重要的公共部門的通告，里面也出現(xiàn)了動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)不一致的錯(cuò)誤：

　　ABC corporation, with its five main subsidiary companies, have taken over the operations of the previous electricity and gas departments of XXX with effect from 1 october 1995.

　　這里的主語(yǔ)是“ABC corporation”，它是單數(shù)的，動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該是單數(shù)的 has，不是復(fù)數(shù)的 have，因此犯了動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)不對(duì)應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤。

　　既然這是個(gè)常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，我們便要特別留意，并且記住下面這些指導(dǎo)原則：

　　·動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)目上要一致，如：

　?、?I am a writer.

　?、?Helen is an editor.

　?、?They have a good future.

　?、?Dr Chen teaches us English.

　?、?Some old houses were burnt to the ground.

　　⑥ A deserted hut has already been demolished.

　　·兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)主語(yǔ)由連接詞“and”貫串起來(lái)時(shí)，便成了復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞也要復(fù)數(shù)，如：

　　⑦ David and Jason are colleagues.

　?、郥he driver and the passenger were involved in a quarrel.

　　·兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由“with”或“as well as ”等連接時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要和第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)的人稱及數(shù)目呼應(yīng)，如：

　?、?A woman with her puppies is walking along the lake.

　?、?The monitor as well as the other students has been scolded.

　　·兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由“either……or”或“neither……nor”連接時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要和第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)的人稱及數(shù)目呼應(yīng)，如：

　　11. Either you or your friend is wrong.

　　12. Neither John nor his classmates have said it.

　　·集合名詞(collective noun)當(dāng)整體看待時(shí)，動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)，如：

　　13. The steering committee is made up of five members.

　　14. The jury has made its final decision.

　　有時(shí)可以個(gè)別看待集合名詞里的成員，這時(shí)這些成員合起來(lái)便變成復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞也是復(fù)數(shù)了，如：

　　15. The committee have met once and they will meet again next month.

　　16. Despite hours of deliberations, the jury were still divided in their opinions.

　　初二英語(yǔ)必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)：英語(yǔ)多義詞

　　作為動(dòng)詞，break 有下列 12 個(gè)常用意思：

　　① 打破、斷，如：(a)If you drop the cup, you will break it. (b)The rope suddenly broke.

　?、?違反、違約，如：(a)Don't break the law. (b)Tom is notorious for breaking promises.

　?、?傷、毀，如：(a)Tony broke Jane's heart by not marrying her. (b)Judy dropped her watch and broke it.

　?、?中斷、打斷，如：(a)The barking of the dog broke our sleep. (b)The stranger rushed in and broke our conversation.

　?、?破曉，如：They arrived at the airport just as the day was breaking.

　?、?放棄，如：It is hard to break the habit of smoking.

　?、?開(kāi)路，如：We sometimes saw voluntary workers help break paths in villages.

　?、?毫無(wú)得失，如：He bought the sewing machine at 0 and sold it at the same price. He broke even on the deal.

　?、?闖入，如：A thief broke into my neigbour's house and ran away with some valuables.

　　⑩ 爆發(fā)，如：If a new world war breaks out, can you imagine the consequences?

　　11. 突破，如：The soldiers tried to break through the enemy's line.

　　12. 停止，如：The meeting suddenly broke up.

　　當(dāng)名詞時(shí)，break 有 5 個(gè)常見(jiàn)義，如下：

　　① 裂口：Please send for a plumber to repair the break in the water pipe.

　?、?拂曉：Fish mongers start work at the break of the day.

　?、?吃茶點(diǎn)時(shí)間：A few of us have a tea-break at 11am every day.

　　④ 休息：There is one-hour break for lunch.

　?、?變動(dòng)：The bankrupt man has a break in his way of living.