仁愛(ài)版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)期中考試復(fù)習(xí)資料(3)
仁愛(ài)版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)期中考試復(fù)習(xí)資料：重要句型
1、be going to+動(dòng)詞原形，be為am,is或are時(shí)，為一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
?、俦硎敬蛩?、計(jì)劃做某事 (有時(shí)譯成“要做某事”)
如I am going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday.
②根據(jù)一定跡象，預(yù)測(cè)將發(fā)生某事。
如Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.
2、①see sb. do sth.意為“看見(jiàn)某人做某事”。
表示看見(jiàn)事件、行動(dòng)的全過(guò)程，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束。
表示經(jīng)?？吹侥橙俗瞿呈乱惨胹ee sb. do sth.
如I saw her cross the road.
I often see you play basketball after school.
?、趕ee sb. doing sth. 意為“看到某人正在做某事”
強(qiáng)調(diào)事件、行動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行。
如 I saw her dancing at this time yesterday.
昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候我看見(jiàn)她正在跳舞。
3、hope+賓語(yǔ)從句
如 I hope our team will win. 我希望我們的隊(duì)會(huì)贏。
4、Me, too. 我也一樣。
5、— Which sport do you prefer, cycling or rowing?
(騎自行車和劃船相比，你更喜歡哪種運(yùn)動(dòng)?)
— I prefer rowing.
6、— Do you row much? (你經(jīng)常劃船嗎?)
— Yes, quite a bit/quite a lot./ No, seldom .
(是的，常常。/不，很少。)
7、I like Yao Ming best. 我最喜歡姚明。(三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上在比較)
I like Yao Ming better.我比較喜歡姚明。(兩個(gè)在比較)
8、Do you know anything about him?
?、倏隙ň溆胹omething，如I’d like to have something to eat.
②否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句用anything，
如 I don’t want to eat anything.
Do you know anything about him?
?、鄣绻潜硎菊?qǐng)求或建議的疑問(wèn)句要用something。
如 Would you like something to drink?
What about something to eat?
9、He and McGrady both play for the Houston Rockets in the NBA.
①“兩者”用both，“三者或三者以上”用all
?、?play for a team為某球隊(duì)效力
in a team(英式英語(yǔ))在某球隊(duì)打球
on a team(美式英語(yǔ))在某球隊(duì)打球
10、I’m going to be a basketball player like him. [ like him作后置定語(yǔ)]
我打算成為像他一樣的籃球選手。
11、What are you going to be when you grow up? 你長(zhǎng)大以后想當(dāng)什么?
“When+一個(gè)句子”，英語(yǔ)里把它稱為“由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句”，用來(lái)表示什么時(shí)候。 當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)。如本句中的“when you grow up”用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，來(lái)表示將來(lái)(長(zhǎng)大以后)。
【注意】有些個(gè)別單詞(如 want, can等等)雖然用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，但表示的也是將來(lái)的事，這時(shí)候時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)。
如：I want to be a doctor when I grow up.
(相當(dāng)于I am going to be a doctor when I grow up.)
He hopes to be a singer when he grows up.我們長(zhǎng)大以后就可以開(kāi)車。
12、He is one of the best runners in the world.
①one of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，意為“……之一”
②“one of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如 One of the students is my good friend.
【解析】 有的同學(xué)看到the students是復(fù)數(shù)的，就以為要用are，其實(shí)應(yīng)該用is才對(duì)。為什么要用is呢，因?yàn)榻樵~短語(yǔ)of the students是作后置定語(yǔ)(修飾one)，one才是主語(yǔ)，所以要用單數(shù)的is。
再如：One of them plays basketball every day.
主語(yǔ)是one，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
13、She won two gold medals twice.
她贏得兩枚金牌贏了兩次。(所以總共是贏得四枚金牌)
14、Liu Xiang took part in both the Athens and Beijing Olympics.
“both…and…”用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列成份。當(dāng)它連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)是，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如 Both Li Ming and I are students.
15、She spends half an hour doing exercise in the gym every day.
⑴spend…(in) doing sth. 花費(fèi)……(時(shí)間/金錢)做某事
?、苨pend…on sth. 花費(fèi)……(時(shí)間/金錢)在某事物上
例：①She spends half an hour (in) doing exercise in the gym every day.
= She spends half an hour on exercise in the gym every day.
?、赟he spends a lot of money (in)buying clothes.
=She spends a lot of money on clothes.
16、Now she plays baseball pretty well. 現(xiàn)在她棒球打得相當(dāng)好。
[pretty well用來(lái)說(shuō)明打棒球打得怎么樣]
17、She is good at jumping.
be good at sth. / doing sth.
如 ①She is good at English. 她擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。
?、贖e is good at playing basketball. 他擅長(zhǎng)打籃球。
相當(dāng)于 He is good at basketball. 他擅長(zhǎng)籃球。
18、There is going to be a school sports meet next weekend.
下周將有一個(gè)學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
[ 此句是there be句型用于be going to句型中。這里的there be句型是表示某時(shí)有某物，初一年我們常見(jiàn)there be句型表示某地有某物。]
19、They are sure that she will win. 他們確信她會(huì)贏。
20、It helps to keep her heart and lungs healthy.
它(游戲)有助于使她的心臟和肺保持健康。
[ help to do sth. 有助于做某事]
21、The team is going to play against China’s national team tomorrow.
明天這個(gè)球隊(duì)(大衛(wèi).貝克漢姆的球隊(duì))將和中國(guó)國(guó)家隊(duì)進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)比賽
[ 把the team看成一個(gè)整體，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式is ]
22、It’s too bad that the players aren’t going to stay for long.
隊(duì)員們不會(huì)久留，真遺憾。
[此句中的it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面that引導(dǎo)的“the players aren’t going to stay for long”這件事。]
23、They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.
他們將于后天動(dòng)身前往日本。
[此句是用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。但并不是任何動(dòng)詞都有這種用法，英語(yǔ)中，表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞 go, come, leave, fly, start, arrive等，可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。其中come, leave和arrive要記得去e再加ing變成現(xiàn)在分詞，當(dāng)然現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)別忘了動(dòng)詞be ]
24、— Could you please do me a favor? 請(qǐng)幫我個(gè)忙好嗎?
[用could表示委婉地請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做某事。]
— Sure.
25、— Will you join us? 你愿意加入我們嗎? [ will表示意愿 ]
— I’d be glad to.
26、I am not very good at it. 我不是很擅長(zhǎng)它(足球)。
[ be good at sth. / doing sth. ]
例：① I am good at English.
② I am good at playing basketball.
= I am good at basketball.
27、— Would/Do you mind teaching me? 你介意教我嗎?
— Not at all. 一點(diǎn)也不介意。
[ ①用would比用do委婉 ② mind doing sth.介意做某事]
28、— Would/Do you mind if I open the window?
如果我打開(kāi)窗戶你會(huì)介意嗎?
— Of course not./Certainly not. Please do.當(dāng)然不介意。請(qǐng)打開(kāi)吧。
You’d better not. 你最好不要(打開(kāi)窗戶)。
29、— Would/Do you mind not putting your bike here?
請(qǐng)你不要把自行車放在這里，好嗎?
— Sorry. I’ll put it somewhere else.
30、— Would you mind not throwing bottles around?
— I am sorry about that. I won’t do it again.
31、— Don’t be late next time. 下次請(qǐng)不要遲到。
— Sorry, I won’t. 對(duì)不起，我下次不會(huì)遲到了。
32、— Would you mind making your bed?
— Sorry. I’ll do it right away.
33、What do you mean by saying that? 你那么說(shuō)是什么意思?
34、I didn’t want to miss the goal, either.
?、?肯定句要用also或too：
also要放在be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前
too常見(jiàn)放在句末，用逗號(hào)與前面隔開(kāi)。
as well也放在句末，但一般不用逗號(hào)與前面隔開(kāi)。
例 I am also a student.
I am a student,too.
?、?否定句要用either,放在句末，一般用逗號(hào)與前面隔開(kāi)。
35、— I didn’t want to miss the goal, either. 我也不想失去這個(gè)球的。
— But you did. 但是你確實(shí)失掉了這個(gè)球。
[相當(dāng)于But you missed the goal.]
36、I am sorry for what I said. 我為我所說(shuō)的話感到抱歉。
I am sorry for losing your book. 很抱歉把你的書丟了。
[ be sorry for sth. / doing sth. 為某事感到抱歉/后悔/遺憾 ]
37、It’s nothing. 沒(méi)關(guān)系/不要緊。
同義句：①Never mind. ②It doesn’t matter. ③That’s OK.
[ 別人道歉時(shí)的答語(yǔ)。That’s OK.還可用來(lái)回答別人的道謝。]
38、We believe you’ll do better next time. 我們相信你下次會(huì)做得更好。
39、Keep trying! 繼續(xù)努力!
40、We are sure to win next time. 我們下次一定贏。
[ be sure to do sth.確信/肯定要做某事(表將來(lái))]
41、①I am sorry I didn’t call you last night. 很抱歉昨晚沒(méi)給你打電話。
[ be sorry + 一個(gè)句子]
此句中抱歉指的是現(xiàn)在很抱歉所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(am)，昨晚沒(méi)給你打電話是昨晚的事，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(didn’t)
?、贗 am sorry for what I said. 我為我所說(shuō)的話感到抱歉。
[ be sorry for sth. ]
?、跧 am sorry for losing your book. 很抱歉把你的書丟了。
[ be sorry for doing sth. ]
for是介詞，所以后面的動(dòng)詞要變成動(dòng)名詞才能作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)。
42、— I am quite sorry I broke your pen. Let me buy you a new one.
— Never mind. I have another one.
【解析】
⑴ one所指代的事物與前文提到的事物是同類的事物，但不是同一個(gè)。
?、?another的用法：
?、?再一個(gè)(在原來(lái)的基礎(chǔ)上增加的，與原來(lái)的人或事物是同一類型的)
例 I am going to have another cup of coffee. 我打算再喝一杯咖啡。
?、诹硪粋€(gè)(強(qiáng)調(diào)與原來(lái)的人或事物不是同一個(gè)，而是泛指另一個(gè)。)
例 We finally moved to another city. 最后我們搬到另一個(gè)城市。
【區(qū)別】 the other(另一個(gè))是特指兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)(總數(shù)只有兩個(gè))。another是泛指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的另一個(gè)(分兩種情況，一種是知道總數(shù)是三個(gè)，另一種是只知道總數(shù)超過(guò)三個(gè)，但不知確切數(shù)字)。
例 ① I have two pens. One is black, the other is red.
?、?I don’t like this pen, please give me another (one)
43、That book wasn’t important to me. 那本書對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)不重要。
44、I’ll be in Korea. 我將會(huì)在韓國(guó) [在課文中可譯成“我將去韓國(guó)”]。
45、I enjoy playing table tennis in different countries.
我喜歡在不同的國(guó)家打乒乓球。
[ ①enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事 ②country變復(fù)數(shù)countries ]
【聯(lián)想】enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過(guò)得愉快
例 We enjoyed ourselves at Kangkang’s birthday party.
46、【區(qū)別】①exciting用來(lái)表示某事物本身具有令人興奮的性質(zhì)特征
?、趀xcited用來(lái)表示某人因某事感到興奮。
?、資ou have a very exciting life now. 你現(xiàn)在過(guò)著令人興奮的生活。
[ 你現(xiàn)在所過(guò)的生活具有令人興奮的性質(zhì)特征 ]
?、贓veryone in our class felt very excited because we were the winners.
我們班每個(gè)人感到興奮，因?yàn)槲覀兪谦@勝者。
[ 我們班每人因我們是獲勝者感到興奮 ]
47、【區(qū)別】①tiring用來(lái)表示事物本身具有令人感到累的性質(zhì)特征。
②tired用來(lái)表示某人因某事感到累。
①M(fèi)y life is tiring as well. 我的生活也很累人。
[ 我所過(guò)的生活具有令人感到累的性質(zhì)特征。]
② I am very tired . 我很累。[我因某事感到累。]
48、I started playing table tennis when I was about seven years old.
[ start doing sth.開(kāi)始做某事 ]
49、He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play even in bad weather.他為學(xué)生發(fā)明了一種室內(nèi)游戲，以便他們即使在糟糕的天氣也能玩。[ so that + 一個(gè)句子, 表示目的。意為“以便……”]
50、You can throw the ball with one hand or both hands.
?、賥ith…，意為“用……” ② both + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
51、Healthy eating habits and running help to build me up.
健康的飲食習(xí)慣和跑步有助于增強(qiáng)我的體質(zhì)。
[ help to do sth. 有助于做某事 ]
52、I have great fun running. 我從跑步中獲得很大樂(lè)趣。
[ have fun doing sth. 從做某事中獲得樂(lè)趣 ]
53、Running has become my favorite sport. 跑步已經(jīng)成為我最喜愛(ài)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
[ 只有一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式 ]
54、That’s very kind of you, but I can manage it myself.
你真是太好了，但我自己能處理。
55、I will take part in the school sports meet. 我將參加學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
[ will + 動(dòng)詞原形，表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) ]
56、I’ll be in the long jump and the high jump. 我將參加跳遠(yuǎn)和跳高。
[ be in + 活動(dòng)，意為“參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)”，同義：take part in, join in ]
57、I hope so. 我希望如此。
58、That’s great! 太棒了!
59、I’m sure our school sports meet will be exciting. [ be sure + 一個(gè)句子 ]
我確信我們的學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將讓人很興奮。
60、What will you do in the sports meet? 你將在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上做什么?
61、It’s my first time to take part in the high jump.
這是我第一次參加跳高比賽。
[ It’s one’s first time to do sth. 是某人第一次做某事 ]
62、I think I’ll have lots of fun. 我想我將從中獲得許多樂(lè)趣。
[ ①have fun玩得高興，過(guò)得愉快，相當(dāng)于have a good time或enjoy oneself ②have fun with sb.和某人玩得高興 ③區(qū)別：have fun doing sth.從做某事中獲得樂(lè)趣 ]
63、I’m ready for the long jump. [ be ready for… (為……準(zhǔn)備好) ]
64、I’ll do my best. 我會(huì)盡最大努力。
[ ① do one’s best 盡某人最大努力 ② do one’s best to do sth.盡某人最大努力去做某事。如 I’ll do my best to learn English. ]
65、I want to be in the boy’s relay race. 我想?yún)⒓幽凶咏恿悺?/p>
[ want to do sth. 想要做要事 ]
66、Maybe I’ll make many friends during the sports meet.
Perhaps she will win.
[ ①maybe/perhaps(“也許，可能”之意)常放在句首。修飾整個(gè)句子。Maybe與perhaps同義，但在書面語(yǔ)中，人們經(jīng)常更喜歡用perhaps, 因?yàn)樗容^正式一點(diǎn)。②注意maybe與may be的區(qū)別：maybe是一個(gè)副詞，“也許，可能”之意，常放在句首，修飾整個(gè)句子。而may be中的may是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，may be意為“可能是……”或“可能在……”]
67、I’ll join in the teachers’ relay race.我將參加教師接力賽。
[ join in + 活動(dòng)，與“take part in / be in +活動(dòng)”同義 ]
68、— Hello, is that Michael? 你好，你是邁克爾嗎?
— Speaking. 是的。 [ 相當(dāng)于 This is Michael speaking. ]
?、?通電話時(shí)，想知道對(duì)方身份，不能用you。比如，不能說(shuō)：Are you Michael?或 Who are you?，而應(yīng)該說(shuō)Is that Michael (speaking) ?或Who’s that (speaking) ?
?、?通電話時(shí)，想告訴對(duì)方你的身份時(shí)，不能用I。比如，不能說(shuō)：I am Li Ming.應(yīng)該說(shuō)This is Li Ming (speaking).
69、The school sports meet is coming tomorrow.校運(yùn)會(huì)明天即將到來(lái)。
[ 此句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。參看重要句型第23小點(diǎn)。]
70、Let’s go together. 讓我們一起去吧。 [ let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事 ]
71、① — What shall we take? 我們帶些什么呢?
— We’ll take our sports clothes and sports shoes.
?、?— Shall I take my camera? 我?guī)鄼C(jī)好嗎?/要不要我?guī)鄼C(jī)?
— Good idea.好主意。
?、?— When shall we meet?
— Let’s make it half past six.
?、?— Where shall we meet? 我們?cè)谀囊?jiàn)面啊?
— At my house. 在我家。
[shall作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主要用于第一人稱的疑問(wèn)句中，表示征詢意見(jiàn)。]
72、①Let’s make it half past six. 讓我們定在六點(diǎn)半吧。
?、?— What time is it? / What’s the time?
— It’s half past six.
③ — What time will it begin?
— At half past three. ( It will begin at half past three. )
[ 表示在幾點(diǎn)做某事要加at，如③;注意①②不要加at ]
73、① Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for China in the 23rd Los Angeles Olympics in 1984.
?、贑lass 4 is first.
?、?His class won first place.
[序數(shù)詞前一般要用定冠詞the，但也有的例外，如②③ ]
74、— Congratulations!
— Thank you.
75、There will be another exciting relay race this afternoon.
今天下午將有另一場(chǎng)激動(dòng)人心的接力賽。
[ there be句型用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)：
①There will be…
?、赥here is going to be… ]
76、Here are two pages from Kangkang’s diary. 這里有兩頁(yè)康康的日記。
77、I hope some day I’ll be able to take part in the Olympic Games.
我希望將來(lái)有一天我能參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)。
[ ① be able to do sth. 表示有能力做某事，can也可以表示有能力做某事，但can只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)，而be able to可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。
He is able to dance. = He can dance.
He was able to dance. = He could dance.
He will be able to dance next year. (不能說(shuō) He will can dance next year.)
② some day 將來(lái)某一天，也可以說(shuō)someday ]
78、Kangkang hopes to be a soccer player when he grows up.
康康希望自己長(zhǎng)大后當(dāng)一名足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
[ 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái) ]
79、The People’s Republic of China took part in the Olympics for the first time in 1952. 中華人民共和國(guó)在1952年第一次參加了奧運(yùn)會(huì)。
[ do sth. for the first time 第一次做某事 ]
【聯(lián)想】It’s one’s first time to do sth. 是某人第一次做某事。
It’s my first time to take part in the high jump.
這是我第一次參加跳高比賽。
80、The Olympic rings stand for the five parts of the world.
[ stand for… (代表……) ]
81、— What’s wrong with you? / What’s the matter with you?
你怎么啦?
— I have a toothache.
我牙痛。
82、I’m sorry to hear that. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我很難過(guò)。
83、①You should see a dentist. ②You shouldn’t read too long.
你應(yīng)該看牙醫(yī)。 你不應(yīng)該看書太久。
[ should / shouldn’t + 動(dòng)詞原形 (應(yīng)該/不應(yīng)該…… ) ]
84、I hope you’ll get well soon. 我希望你快點(diǎn)好起來(lái)。
85、I’m feeling terrible! 我感覺(jué)很難受/不舒服。
86、— How long have you been like this? 你這樣多久了?
— Two days. ( 完整回答：I have been like this for two days. )
87、①You’d better go to see a doctor. ② You’d better not work too long.
你最好去看醫(yī)生。 你最好不要工作太久。
[ had better / had better not + 動(dòng)詞原形 (最好做某事/最好不要做某事)]
88、— How are you feeling, Nick? 尼克，你現(xiàn)在感覺(jué)怎么樣?
— Not so well. 不是很好。
89、I don’t feel like eating. 我不想吃東西。
[ feel like doing sth. 想要做某事， 感覺(jué)要做某事]
【聯(lián)想】 want to do sth. 想要做某事
90、I cough day and night. 我日日夜夜咳嗽。
91、Why don’t you have a good rest? 你為什么不好好休息一下呢?
[“Why don’t you/we + 動(dòng)詞原形…?”用來(lái)提建議 ]
92、What’s the matter? / What’s wrong? 怎么了?
93、I have a sore throat. 我喉嚨痛。 I have sore eyes. 我眼睛痛。
94、You shouldn’t / had better not eat so much candy.
你不應(yīng)該 / 最好不要吃這么多糖果。
95、You shouldn’t / had better not work on the Internet so long.
你不應(yīng)該 / 最好不要上網(wǎng)這么久/那么久。
96、You should / had better take good care of your eyes.
你應(yīng)該 / 最好保護(hù)好你的眼睛。
97、practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事
Today we’re going to practice parking.今天我們要練習(xí)停放車輛。
98、— How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺(jué)怎么樣?
— Not too bad. 不太糟/還行。
99、Don’t worry. 別擔(dān)心。
100、Your X-rays show it’s nothing serious. [劃線部分作賓語(yǔ)，是賓語(yǔ)從句]
你的X光片顯示它沒(méi)什么大礙。
101、— Don’t move your leg too much.
字面意思：不要移動(dòng)你的腿太多。
習(xí)慣譯成：不要讓你的腿動(dòng)得太多。
— All right. 好的。