國(guó)際象棋記譜法
國(guó)際象棋記譜有什么訣竅嗎?下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給你介紹國(guó)際象棋記譜法，歡迎閱讀。
國(guó)際象棋記譜法有好幾種，但目前世界上通用座標(biāo)記譜法(或稱(chēng)代數(shù)記譜法)。
著法有兩種記法：
國(guó)際象棋完整記錄法
每一著棋先記棋子的名稱(chēng)(兵可省略不記)，再記棋子原先的位置，接著加“-”或“×”的符號(hào)(“-”表示不吃子，“×”表示吃子)，最后標(biāo)出棋子新到的位置。例如，附圖中白馬跳到黑點(diǎn)格，這一著應(yīng)記為馬g1—f3。
如果f3格有黑子，這時(shí)，白馬吃黑子，應(yīng)記為馬g1×f3。
國(guó)際象棋簡(jiǎn)易記錄法
每著棋先記棋子名稱(chēng)(兵可省略不記)，再記走完這著棋后棋子新到達(dá)的格位。如這著棋吃了對(duì)方的棋子，就在棋子名稱(chēng)和新到格位之間加“×”符號(hào)。例如，上例馬g1-f3著法可簡(jiǎn)記為馬f3;又如，上例馬g1×f3著法可簡(jiǎn)記為馬×f3。
如果有兩個(gè)兵種相同的棋子都可走到同一方格中去，為加以辨別，應(yīng)在棋子名稱(chēng)后加記棋子原來(lái)位置的標(biāo)志。例如，圖37演成圖38的著法，記為馬g×f3。
兵的著法表示還可以再簡(jiǎn)單，例如，白兵從e4吃去黑d5兵可簡(jiǎn)記為e×d5或ed。
國(guó)際棋聯(lián)從1985年起規(guī)定：參加比賽的賽員，一律統(tǒng)一采用簡(jiǎn)易記錄法。
3. Nxf7(z), Kxf7. 這是什么意思?第三著，白馬殺f7兵(暴露戰(zhàn)術(shù))，繼而黑王殺白f7馬。
以簡(jiǎn)便方法記錄作戰(zhàn)意圖，是這套記譜法的意旨。
a 牽制;A在腓尼基字母中代表牛頭，牽字下為牛。
b 作架;base 基礎(chǔ)。
c 包圍;cage 籠子。
d 消除根子、防御子;delete 消除。
e 攔截;E字三橫，中橫是擔(dān)任攔截任務(wù)的子。
f 攻擊“被牽制子所保護(hù)的目標(biāo)”;fix 固定，然后殺。與t有關(guān)，是t的顛倒。
g 引入;G 形如一物入籠，請(qǐng)君入甕。
h 集中火力;heavy hit 重?fù)簟?/p>
i 墊殺;interpose 介入。
j 雙將;就象i變異長(zhǎng)了尾巴，介入的子有行動(dòng)。
k 使前進(jìn)無(wú)路;keep and knock，停留并撞擊(自己的子)。
l 等著，防止;lion lazily lay，獅子懶惰地臥著。
m 嚇退;magnificient 堂皇的。
n 頓挫;N曲折前進(jìn)。
o 殺;囊括。
p 使無(wú)退路;pit 坑，挖坑讓人跳，陷進(jìn)出不來(lái)。
q 騰挪;Q有腿，形如開(kāi)溜。
r 引離;r形如歧路;引離正路。
s 借力;s形如雙鉤聯(lián)系彼我。
t 攻擊被牽制子;T字中豎，是半路殺出的程咬金。
u 先棄后取;U字拐個(gè)彎還要回來(lái);放棄了的還會(huì)得到。
v 捉雙;V字如馬捉雙時(shí)的行動(dòng)路線(xiàn)。
w 擺脫牽制;double v，兩子之間緊密聯(lián)系，被牽制子成支持子。
x 串擊;x-線(xiàn)攻擊，形容其穿透力。
y 閃擊;Y是一枝二花，閃擊是二子同時(shí)攻擊二子。
z 暴露;Z如閃電，強(qiáng)力攻擊。
+ 叫殺，攆離;
- 退;
-- 棄子爭(zhēng)時(shí);
rg 圍敵打援，圍魏救趙; 引離攻擊自己王的子，引入圈套干掉。
ac 牽制以使其自阻逃路;
go 引兌;引入成殺。
ao 偷吃;牽制變殺。
bs 階梯;作架的子成得架的子。
--c 棄子封塞;
1 王翼3路攻擊;
2 后翼3路攻擊;
3 中央2路攻擊。
The Fried Liver Attack 1-0
1. e4 e5,
2. Nf3(2) Nc6(3),
3. Bc4(b) Nf6(i),
4. Ng5(q) d5(i),
5. ed(i) NxP?!(i),
6. Nxf7!?(z) KxN,
7. Qf3+(h) Ke6,
8. Nc3(t).
The position is unclear after 8. ... Nb4. However, white can improve with the line
6. d4(r) ed,
7. 0-0 when he threatens
8. Nxf7 and is probably winning.
From's gambit 0-1
1. f4(1) e5?!(g), with the idea of
2. fe d6(go),
3. ed Bxd6(1), theatening Qh4+ winning. After
4. Nf3 (other moves lose) Black replies with
4. ... Bg4(d), with the threat of BxN and then Qh4+(#) winning.
Although white can escape with 5. e3, (other moves are inferior and most lose), black's position is fun to play and probably only slightly worse. White has to play accurately on moves 4 and 5 and in blitz games this gambit is definitely worth a go.
The Staunton Gambit 1-0
This is in some sense similar to From's gambit running as it does
1. d4(2) f5(1),
2. e4(q) fe. Now the move
3. Nc3 has the idea of
3. ... d5?(b),
4. Qh5+(n) g6,
5. Qxd5(s) (and if 5. ... Qxd5, 6. Nxd5 Kd8, 7. Bf4 black has no good way to defend the c7 pawn) when white is clearly better. If black plays
3. ... Nf6, then white can play
4. Bg5 with the idea that if 4. ... d5?, then
5. BxN(d) ef, (Not 5. ... gf, 6. Qh5+-)
6. Qh5+(n) g6,
7. Qxd5(s) QxQ,
8. NxQ(o) when white wins the f6 pawn and has a winning advantage. If black plays the correct
4. Nc6 then white simply regains his pawn with
5. BxN ef, (not 5. ... gf, 6. Qh5++)
6. Nxe4 with an equal position.
A pretty trap 1-0
There is a very pretty but rare trap which runs as follows.
1. e4(1) e5(1),
2. Nf3(3) d6,
3. Bc4(b) Bg4(a),
4. Nc3(l) g6?,
5. Nxe5!(y, b, --) BxQ,
6. Bxf7(s, l) Ke7,
7. Nd5++(#)
Owen's defence 1-0
This is a system which is rarely played which runs
1. e4(3) b6(1),
2. d4 Bb7,
3. Bd3. The 'original' move here was
3. ... f5(r), with the idea that if white play
4. ef then black wins the rook on h1 with
4. ... Bxg2(#). However, this is tactically flawed after
5. Qh5+ g6(a),
6. fg(t) Nf6,
7. gh(d, q, w) NxQ,
8. Bg6++
The Budapest 0-1
There is an odd variation of the Budapest which runs
1. d4(2) Nf6,
2. c4(2) e5(r),
3. de Ne4?!,
4. Nf3 d6?!(go),
5. ed Bxd6(i),
6. g3?? (Oh dear!)
6. ... Nxf2!(z)
7. Kxf2 (7. Qa4 Bd7, doesn't help white)
7. ... Bxg3+(y) and black wins the white queen on d1. The sequence
1. d4(2) Nf6(2),
2. Nd2(3) e5(q), is a lot like the true budapest and the continuation
3. dxe5 Ng4(n),
4. h3 Ne3(r, #), winning, illustrates a theme which comes up in other positions. If
5. fe then of course
5. ... Qh4+
6. g3 Qxg3++ and if white doesn't take the knight then he loses his queen.
The Modern Defence 1-0
A similar queen trap is seen after the moves
1. e4 (1)g6(2),
2. d4(3) Bg7,
3. Nf3(2) d6(3),
4. Bc4 Nd7??, when white wins with
5. Bxf7!(z) If black takes it with
5. ... KxB?? (which looks superficially correct) then after
6. Ng5(q) he faces an unpleasant choice. If
Kf6 then Qf3++, if
Kf8 then Ne6+(v) wins black's queen, and if
Ke8 then Ne6(#) still wins black's queen!
The Traxler counter attack 0-1
This is one of the most outrageous openings. It runs as follows;
1. e4 e5,
2. Nf3(3) Nc6,
3. Bc4(1, b) Nf6(3), (the two knights defence which you should recognise from an earlier trick),
4. Ng5(q) Bc5!?. Black completely ignores the threats against f7! The idea is that after
5. Nxf7(v) Bxf2!?(z),
6. KxB Nxe4+ whites king will be in more danger than black's. There have been whole monographs written on this system and some of the complications are barely comprehensible. Basically black can bring his queen to h4 and will threaten all sorts of terrible things against white's king.
The Albin Counter Gambit 0-1
Another well known trap runs as follows.
1. d4 d5,
2. c4(2) e5(1),
3. de d4,
4. e3? (4. a3 is better)
4. ... Bb4+(a),
5. Bd2 dxe3(t, --),
6. Bxb4? (6. Qa4+(v) is possible although the complications that arise after 6. ... Nc6(b, i), 7. Bxb4 [7. fe Qh4+, 8. Kd1 {Not 8. g3? Qe4!(#)} 8. ... Qf2! is better for black] 8. ... ef+(g), 9. KxP Qd4+ probably favour black, especially over the board.)
6. ... ef+(r)
7. Ke2 fxg1=N+!!,
8. RxN Bg4+(x) and Black wins white's queen on d1.
The English Defence 0-1
Some players, when faced with the English defence, try to steer the game into calmer waters. The sequence
1. c4(2) b6,
2. Nc3 Bb7,
3. e4 e6(3),
4. Nf3 Bb4
5. Qb3 is not uncommon. Black may set a trap here with
5. ... Na6(b),
6. a3(-) Nc5!(u) when
7. QxB? loses the queen to
7. ... a5!(-),
8. Qb5 c6!(#). (
7. Qc2 is better but doesn't promise white much. Note that black doesn't (immediately) win a pawn after
7. ... BxN
8. QxB Nxe4 because white can play
9. Qxg7 and after
9. ... Qf6(c), the position is probably slightly better for black. Things would be different if white could find a way to play Bh6! [ie by having moved his d pawn earlier]).
The Grob 0-1
The 'Grob gambit' loses after
1. g4 e5(1, q),
2. f4(1)?? Qh4++,
Scholar's mate 1-0
For the sake of sakeness (which is also why the last two are here) I should mention fool's mate, also known as scholar's mate.
1. e4 e5,
2. Qh5 Nc6,
3. Bc4(1, b) threatening Qxf7++. If
3. ... g6 then
4. Qf3 threatening Qxf7++. If
4. ... Nf6 then
5. g4?! threatening
6. g5(t) and if the knight on f6 moves then, (you guessed it), Qxf7++. Of course, this is a rubbish opening but it is surprising how many people fall for this trap, especially on internet chess servers.