2018年考研英語真題及答案解析

　　考研英語最重要的就是做好真題的題海戰(zhàn)，只有將真題啃透，才能在實戰(zhàn)中得到更高分。下面是小編分享的考研英語真題及答案解析，一起來看看吧。

　　考研英語真題及答案解析一

　　Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.

　　The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.

　　Divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.

　　1. A. by way of B. with regard to C. on behalf of D. as well as

　　2. A. decide on B. provide for C. compete with D. adapt to

　　3. A. close B. arrange C. renew D. postpone

　　4. A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example

　　5. A. Unless B. Less C. After D. Although

　　6. A. into B. within C. from D. through

　　7. A. or B. since C. but D. so

　　8. A. test B. copy C. recite D. create

　　9. A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying

　　10. A. passing B. lighting C. hiding D. serving

　　11. A. association B. meeting C. collection D. union

　　12. A. deal B. part C. grow D. live

　　13. A. whereas B. until C. for D. if

　　14. A. avoid B. follow C. challenge D. obtain

　　15. A. isolated B. persuaded C. viewed D. exposed

　　16. A. wherever B. whatever C. whenever D. however

　　17. A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed

　　18. A. invested B. divided C. donated D. withdrawn

　　19. A. warms B. clears C. shows D. breaks

　　20. A. while B. so that C. once D. in that

　　1.[標準答案] [D]as well as

　　[考點分析] 本題考察邏輯關系

　　[選項分析] 因為考察邏輯關系，所以需要我們先對填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：文章身處大環(huán)境not only…..but also之中，這是一個明顯的并列關系，表示“不僅……而且……”該空與前一句“his parents and his friends”也是并列關系，表示“與他本人以及伴侶的父母朋友相關” 所以答案只能是D. as well as.

　　A. by way of通過 B. with regard to 關于 C. on behalf of 代表

　　2.[標準答案] [A] decide on

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義

　　[選項分析] 根據該句的主語a young man與賓語a likely spouse的關系，答案只能是A. decide on 決定。表示自己決定自己的對象。B. provide for 為……提供準備 C. compete with與……競爭 D. adapt to適用

　　3.[標準答案] [B]arrange

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞辨析

　　[選項分析] 該句意思為，他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母_____相關事務。四個選項中，A. close 關閉 C renew 更新;恢復 D postpone“推遲”，語義不正確，只有B arrange安排是符合語境。

　　4.[標準答案] [A]In theory

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義

　　[選項分析]邏輯判斷題。主要是看前后兩句的含義，前面是說“他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母安排相關事務，或者幾乎不參與，完全讓父母選擇自己的對象。” 空格后面說“女方可以拒絕她父母所選擇的對象。”這兩句之間沒有舉例說明的關系，且有一個may，更證明A. In theory的正確性。而其他選項 B. Above all最重要的是， C. In time 準時 D. For example舉例，均不符合題意。

　　5.[標準答案] [C]After

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義

　　[選項分析]根據下文“______a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other……”知道，只有對象選擇好后，父母才會去調查研究對方的背景。所以只有after才對。其他選項A. Unless 除非，否則 B. Lest 以免，唯恐 D. Although 盡管 都不符合題意。

　　6.[標準答案] [A]into

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及介詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] 這里主要是看marry與相關介詞的固定搭配。這里marry into就是指嫁到，而其他選項均沒有這層含義。

　　7.[標準答案] [C]but

　　[考點分析] 邏輯關系題

　　[選項分析]根據上文，說傳統(tǒng)的婚禮時間跨度很長，但是到了1980s, 婚禮只持續(xù)一天半。所以與前文發(fā)生轉變。因此要選擇but轉折關系。

　　8.[標準答案] [C]recite

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析]空格處需要填一個動詞，和后面的prayers of blessing所搭配，C選項recite 為背誦的意思，與所給短語搭配最為合理，譯為“為祈禱者做祈福”。

　　9.[標準答案] [D]tying

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] 本題需要根據上下文語義分析，空格處需要搭配后文“棉花線頭”，縱觀四個選項[A]折疊

　　[B]堆積 [C]包裹 [D]系上，根據選項含義，只有D和后文的“棉花線頭”搭配最為合理。

　　10.[標準答案] [A]passing

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] 本題根據選項[A]傳遞[B]點亮 [C]隱藏 [D]服務，原文空格需要填寫一個動詞與后文“around a circle”來搭配，譯為“將蠟燭傳一圈”，故[A]傳遞為正確選項。

　　11.[標準答案] [D]union

　　[考點分析] 名詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] 本題根據選項[A]協(xié)會，社團[B]會議，會面 [C]集合 [D]結合。本句語義為“這些受尊敬的夫妻祈禱…”根據語境，結婚是一種夫妻二人的結合，因此，選項[D]結合更符合語境。

　　12.[標準答案] [D]live

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] 本題比較簡單。根據語義“根據傳統(tǒng)，新婚夫婦要搬到妻子父母家，與父母____一年”根據語境，應為[D]居住為最佳答案。

　　13. [標準答案] [B]until

　　[考點分析] 時間邏輯關系

　　[選項分析] 根據原文，“_____他們在附近建造一棟新房子” [A]然而[B]直到 [C]為 [D]如果 結合語境，[B]直到最符合原文語境，搭配最為合理。

　　14. [標準答案] [D]obtain

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] Divorce is legal and relatively easy to __14__, but not common.該句句意為離婚是合法的，且相對容易____. A.avoid 避免B.follow 跟隨C.chanllenge挑戰(zhàn)，質疑D.obtain獲得。這里出現(xiàn)and,所以對于離婚這件事不可能是避免或是挑戰(zhàn)，但是跟隨和離婚之間語義不符，但是獲得離婚(的批準)是可以的。選D.

　　15.[標準答案] [D] viewed

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval.離婚的人…一些不贊同。在段首，已經注明離婚是合法的且相對容易得到批準，但是不常見。這說明離婚在現(xiàn)實中肯定是不太受到人們的歡迎的。而接下來這句就說離婚的人…一些不贊同。再看選項：A.isolated孤立 B.persuaded勸說C.viewed看做 D. exposed接觸，受到…的影響 C選項固定搭配被認為，放進。

　　16.[標準答案] [B]whatever

　　[考點分析] 語法

　　[選項分析Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, 17個空對應的都是動詞，所以該句意思為：夫婦雙方保有…財產，這個財產是他或她…(動詞)進婚姻的。 結合選項A whenever“無論何地;任何(地方)=any place where(定從)”。B whatever“無論什么;任何(東西)=anything that/any+N that”。C whenever無論何時;任何(時間=any time when)D however 無論如何;無論多么 。根據語義，這里應該不是讓步的關系,而且填的這個詞還要能修飾property。因此，選擇B =retains any property that he or she ….

　　17.[標準答案] [B]brought

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage,結合選項A changed“改變”。B brought “帶來”。C shaped“形成” D pushed“推，逼迫”。結合語境只有B符合，把財產帶入婚姻。

　　18.[標準答案] [B]divided

　　[考點分析] 上下文語義及動詞義辨析

　　[選項分析] …and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally.結合選項A invested投資.[B]divided平分 [C] donated 捐贈[D]withdrawn撤出，提取。根據語義應該是共同財產被(夫妻雙方)平分。

　　19.[標準答案] [C]shows

　　[考點分析] 動詞固定搭配

　　[選項分析] Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. 該句語義為離過婚的人或許會再婚，但是性別偏見…。結合選項A. warm(up)加熱 B.clear(up) 變晴C.show (up) 顯現(xiàn)D.break(up)分裂，分開;，顯然C是正確選項。

　　20.[標準答案] [A]while

　　[選項分析] 上下文語義

　　[考點分析] 很明顯的兩類人的對比比較關系。只能選擇while.

　　【真題翻譯】在柬埔寨，伴侶的選擇對于年輕男性來說是一個復雜的問題。這不僅與他本人以及未來伴侶的父母朋友相關，而且與媒婆也有著千絲萬縷的關系。他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母安排相關事務，或者幾乎不參與，完全讓父母選擇自己的對象。理論上來說，女方可以拒絕她父母所選擇的對象。在選好自己的對象后，每個家庭都能會去調查對方家庭來確保他們的孩子嫁到好人家。

　　傳統(tǒng)的婚禮是一段漫長，多姿多彩的過程。從前會持續(xù)三天，但是到了20世紀80年代，一般會持續(xù)一天半。佛教徒通常會做簡短誦經，并為新人祈福。儀式通常包括剪發(fā)，在新郎新娘的胳膊上系上浸滿圣水的棉繩，在幸福的、受人尊敬的夫婦中傳遞蠟燭來祈禱新人的結合。通常情況下，新婚夫婦會到妻子父母家里住一年，直到他們在附近建一棟新房子為止。

　　離婚是合法的，而且很容易獲得批準，但是在實際中這種情況并不常見。離過婚的男女會受到一些人的詬病。夫婦雙方在離婚后可保有他或她婚前帶來的財產，而且可平分婚后共同取得的財產。離過婚的人或許會再婚，但是性別偏見還是很明顯。比如，離過婚的男性再婚前不需要一段等待期而女性則需要等待十個月。

　　考研英語真題及答案解析二

　　Part A

　　Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

　　Text1

　　France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

　　Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

　　The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

　　The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a ,000 fine and six months in prison.

　　The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

　　In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:”We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people”. The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.

　　Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

　　1. According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France?

　　[A]Physical beauty would be redefined.

　　[B]New runways would be constructed.

　　[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.

　　[D]The fashion industry would decline.

　　2. The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2，Para.2) is closest in meaning to

　　[A]heightening the value of

　　[B]indicating the state of

　　[C]losing faith in

　　[D]doing harm to

　　3. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

　　[A]The French measures have already failed.

　　[B]New standards are being set in Denmark.

　　[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.

　　[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.

　　4.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for

　　[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions

　　[B]caring too much about model’s character.

　　[C]showing little concern for health factors

　　[D]setting a high age threshold for models.

　　5.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

　　[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

　　[B]A Dilemma for the Starving models in France

　　[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

　　[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

　　1.答案 A Physical beauty would be redefined

　　解析：這是一道細節(jié)題，根據France定位到第一段第一句，主干成分為France has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty。此外第二段第二句They suggest beauty should not be define by looks…故而A physical beauty would be redefined為同義替換，即為正確答案。

　　2.答案 D doing harm to

　　解析：此題為詞義題。定位到第二段第二句They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 根據end up 可以看出beauty should not be defined by looks 和that end up impinging on health為順承關系，所以“改變人們對美不僅僅是外表的定義”可以結束對健康的危害。故而可以推知doing harm to是正確答案。

　　3.答案 B New Standards are being set in Denmark

　　解析：此題是正誤判斷題。根據第五段第二句話 In Denmark,…it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion…可知B選項 New standards are being set in Denmark是其同義替換。

　　4.答案 C showing little concern for health factors

　　解析：細節(jié)題。一個設計師很可能因為什么原因被CFW拒絕，根據關鍵詞可回到文中定位至倒數(shù)第二段，首句說丹麥的時尚界就有關模特的年齡，健康及其他特性的內容達成一致意見，切一項新法案也明確規(guī)定，他們已經意識到時尚界對于人們尤其是年輕人的身體健康所帶來的影響，并且該對此負責，接著下一句就說，這一法規(guī)的執(zhí)行方式就是拒絕一些設計師，因為可以推斷設計師很可能因為不考慮身體健康因素而被CFW拒絕。

　　5.答案 D A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

　　解析：主旨題。本文從首段就開始闡述法國的觀點，即時尚界已經失去了定義女性身體之美的權利，且議會也禁止網站通過宣傳過度節(jié)食來強調過度消瘦。二段繼續(xù)說明美麗不能只看外表更不能以犧牲健康為代價。三段說女性不該讓他人來評判自己的美麗。以及后面的段落中也一直在不斷說明一點，即健康很重要，不能只看外表。所以文章最佳標題應該是D，對時尚界完美身材的質疑。

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