考研英語閱讀真題2016年
閱讀是考研英語的一個模板，在日常的英語復(fù)習(xí)中，要懂得用真題，把真題專研透了。下面就是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的考研英語閱讀真題2016年，希望對你有用!
考研英語閱讀原文
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.
Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that "incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.
They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.
That's a start.
And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death – as some have done.
It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape – measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.
And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.
Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a ,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.
In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models.
The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.
The charter's main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.
But in general it relies on a name-and–shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.
Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
考研英語閱讀翻譯
法國一向以作為全球時尚革新者為傲，如今它已決定其時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)失去了定義女性體型美的絕對權(quán)力。
上周，法國的立法者初步通過了一部法律，該法律將使用超瘦模特上T型臺走秀定為犯罪。
法國議會還同意封禁那些推廣極端的節(jié)食來誘使女性追求骨感體型的網(wǎng)站。
這些措施有幾個積極的動機。
它們表明美不應(yīng)該由外貌來定義，因為追求外貌美最終會危害人的健康。
這些措施只是反對追求骨感體型風(fēng)氣的一個開始。
禁止使用超瘦模特的目的不僅僅是保護模特不因減肥而把自己餓死——有些模特就因減肥而餓死。
還警告時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)：對于女性該用什么樣的社會標(biāo)尺來判定自己的個人價值這一問題，時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)給女性，尤其是未成年少女，傳達了錯誤的信號，時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)必須為此負責(zé)。
如果完全執(zhí)行該禁令，它會將向女性(以及很多男性)表明：不要讓別人成為自己美的評判者。
這些措施或許還隱約地暗示，人們應(yīng)該注重個性和智力等無形的品質(zhì)，而不是通過節(jié)食來達到“零號身材”或“黃蜂腰體型”。
然而，法國的這些舉措過分依賴嚴(yán)厲的懲罰來改變時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)的文化，該文化依舊認(rèn)為瘦到皮包骨是美。
該法律規(guī)定，使用沒有達到政府體質(zhì)指數(shù)要求的時尚模特的后果是罰款8.5萬美元和服刑6個月。
時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)知道它們注重衣著打扮和理想體型的問題一直存在。
丹麥、美國和其他一些國家的時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)試圖為模特和時尚形象設(shè)定一個非強制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更多地依靠同輩壓力來執(zhí)行。
相比于法國的措施，上月，丹麥時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)同意了關(guān)于模特的年齡、健康和其他特征的規(guī)定和懲罰。
最新修訂的《丹麥時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)道德章程》明確規(guī)定：“我們已經(jīng)意識到時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)給體型觀念帶來的影響，尤其是給年輕人帶來的影響，我們應(yīng)該對此負責(zé)。”
這個章程的主要執(zhí)行方法是拒絕違反規(guī)定的設(shè)計師和模特經(jīng)紀(jì)機構(gòu)進入哥本哈根時尚周，該時尚周由丹麥時尚機構(gòu)運作。
但總的來說，該舉措依靠指名道姓的方法來確保該章程得到遵守。
依靠道德規(guī)勸而不是法律手段來矯正理想體型的錯誤觀點或許才是最好的辦法。
更好的措施就是有助于提升美的概念，使之超越某一特定產(chǎn)業(yè)的物質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
考研英語閱讀詞語解析
intellect['intilekt]n. 智力，理智，才智非凡的人，知識份子聯(lián)想記憶
signal['signl]n. 信號，標(biāo)志
v. (發(fā)信號)通知、表示
mass[mæs]n. 塊，大量，眾多
adj. 群眾的，大規(guī)模
approval[ə'pru:vəl]n. 批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可，同意，贊同
incite[in'sait]v. 煽動，刺激，激勵
severe[si'viə]adj. 劇烈的，嚴(yán)重的，嚴(yán)峻的，嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)格的
elevate['eliveit]vt. 舉起，提拔，素養(yǎng)提升，鼓舞
vi. 變聯(lián)想記憶
impact['impækt,im'pækt]n. 沖擊(力), 沖突，影響(力)
address[ə'dres]n. 住址，致詞，講話，談吐，(處理問題的)技巧
compliance[kəm'plaiəns]n. 順從，遵從，靈活
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