九年級上冊:英語重要知識點(2)
九年級上冊:英語重要知識點
五.重要知識點講解
1. Maybe/ may be
(1) maybe是副詞,意思是“大概,也許”,常用作狀語。例如: Maybe you put it in your bag.也許你把它放在包里了。“Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.” “他明天來嗎?”“也許不”。
(2) may be相當于是情態(tài)動詞may與be動詞搭配一起作謂語,意思是“也許是…,可能是…”。
例如:It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他們可能于九點到達。The man may be a lawyer. 那人也許是律師。
2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use
(1) borrow表示的是從別人那里借來東西,即我們通常所說的“借進來”。例如:We often borrow books from our school library.我們經(jīng)常從學校圖書館借書。I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. 我從老師那兒借來了這本字典。
borrow是一個瞬間完成的動作,因此不能與時間段連用。
例如:You can borrow my recorder for three days. ( 錯誤 )I have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 錯誤 )
(2) lend表示的是把自己的東西借給別人,即我們通常所說的“借出去”。 例如:Thank you for lending me your bike.謝謝你把自行車借給我。He often lends money to his brother.他經(jīng)常借錢給他弟弟。
lend與borrow一樣,也是一個瞬間完成的 動作,不能與一段時間連用。
(3) keep的意思也是“借”,但一般是指借來后的保存或使用階段,是一段持續(xù)的時間,因此可以與時間段連用。例如:You can keep my recorder for three days.我的錄音機你可以借用三天。
I have kept this book for only one week.這本書我才剛借了一星期。
(4) use也可以當“借用”講,但它的本意是“用,使用”。例如:May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下嗎?He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用這部公用電話。
3. leave/ leave for
(1) leave意思是“離開,留下”。 例如:We left Shanghai two years ago.我們兩年前離開了上海。
He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手機落在出租車里了。
(2) leave for意思是“前往”,表示要去的目的地。例如:We will leave for Tibet next month.我們將于下月去西藏。The train is leaving for Moscow.這趟火車即將開往莫斯科。
4. since/ for
(1) since用于完成時態(tài),既能用作介詞,也能用作連詞,后常接時間點,意思是“自從”。 例如:
He has been a worker since he came into this city.自從他來到這個城市,他就是工人了。
I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai .自從我們上次在上海見過之后我再也沒見過他。
since作連詞,還有“既然”的意思。例如: Since you are interested in it, just do it. 既然你對它感興趣,那就做吧。 You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work.既然你已經(jīng)做完了功課,就開心玩會兒吧。
(2) for用于完成時,用作介詞,后常接一段時間,意思是“經(jīng)過…”。例如: I have learned English for five years.我已經(jīng)學了五年英語了。They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他們已經(jīng)等了你三十分鐘了。
for也可以用作連詞,但意思是“因為”。 例如: They missed the flight for they were late.他們由于完到了而誤了航班。He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多種原因病倒了。
5. neither/ either/ both
(1) neither作代詞是對兩者都進行否定,意思為“兩者都不”,作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù).例如:Neither of the boys is from England.這兩個男孩都不是來自英國。I know neither of them. 他們兩個我都不認識。
neither用作形容詞,也修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思與作代詞時相同;用作連詞時,一般與nor搭配,表示 “既不…也不”。作主語時,謂語動詞也遵循就近原則。 例如:She neither ate nor drank yesterday. 她昨天既不吃也不喝。Neither he nor we play football on Sundays. 他和我們星期天都不踢球。
(2) either作代詞時,是指兩者中的任意一方,(兩者之)每一個,故作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù).
例如:Either of the books is new.這兩本書任何一本都是新的.
She doesn’t like either of the films.這兩部電影她都不喜歡.
either作形容詞, 用來修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思與作介詞時相同.
例如:Either school is near my home. (這兩所學校中的)任何一所學校都離我家很近.
Either question is difficult.兩個問題(中的任何一個)都難.
either作連詞時,一般與or搭配,表示兩者選其一,意思是“不是…就是”。作主語時,謂語動詞遵循就近原則。
Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是對的。
Either my sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要來看我。
(3) both作代詞時,指的是所涉及到的“兩者都”, 故作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。
I like both of the stories.這兩個故事我都喜歡。Both of my parents are teachers.我父母兩人都是老師。
both作形容詞時,用來修飾兩者,意思與作代詞時相同.Both his arms are hurt.他的兩只胳膊都受傷了。
Both these students are good at English. 這兩個學生都擅長英語。
both用作連詞時,多與and搭配,表示“既…又, 不僅…而且”, 作主語時,謂語動詞仍用復數(shù)形式。
Both piano and violin are my bobbies.鋼琴和小提琴都是我的愛好。
They study both history and physics. 他們既學歷史,又學物理。
6. find/look for/ find out
(1) find強調找的結果,意思是“找到”。此外還有“發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)覺”的意思,后可接賓語從句。
例如:Jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不著帽子了。Have you found your lost keys? 你找到丟失的鑰匙了嗎?
He found the lights were on along the street.他發(fā)現(xiàn)沿街的燈都亮了
(2) look for的意思為“尋找”,指的是找的動作而非結果。另外,還有“盼望,期待”的意思。
例如:She is looking for her son.她正在找她的兒子。
We’ve been looking for the car since early this morning.我們從今天一大早就開始找這輛車了。
I look for the coming holiday.我期待著即將來臨的假期。
(3) find out含有經(jīng)過觀察、研究或探索而得知的意思,后常接較抽象的事物,意思是“找出,發(fā)現(xiàn),查明(真相)”等。
例如: I can find out who took my money away.我能查出誰拿了我的錢。
Could you find out when the plane arrives? 你能設法知道飛機何時到嗎?
7. forget to do/ forget doing
(1) forget to do是指忘記去做某件事了,即該事還沒有做。
例如: Please don’t forget to call this afternoon.今天下午不要忘了給我打電話。
I forgot to take some small change with me.我身上忘了帶零錢了。
(2) forget doing是指忘記某件已經(jīng)做過的事情,即該事已經(jīng)做了,但被忘記了。
例如:He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告訴過我地址了。
They forgot having been here before.他們忘了以前曾來過這兒。
8. stop doing/ stop to do
(1) stop doing是指停止做某事,即doing這個動作不再繼續(xù)。
例如:They stopped debating.他們停止了辯論。(不辯論了)
He had to stop driving as the traffic lights changed in to red. 由于交通燈變成了紅色他不得不停車。
(2) stop to do是指停下來開始做另一件事,即停止原先的事,開始做do這個動作。
例如:She stopped to have a rest.她停下來休息會兒。(開始休息)They stopped to talk.他們停下來開始交談。
9. except/ besides