捕捉“關(guān)鍵詞”,巧答高考英語聽力題
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高考聽力測試是為了考查學(xué)生理解口頭英語的能力，著重檢測學(xué)生語言運(yùn)用的能力，即考查學(xué)生獲取信息和處理信息的能力。但聽力材料中包含了大量的信息，如何從這些紛繁復(fù)雜的信息中快速提取有價值的信息呢？這就需要特別關(guān)注聽力材料中的某些“關(guān)鍵詞”。盡管很多聽力材料比較冗長，情景相對復(fù)雜，但其中的“關(guān)鍵詞”恰恰反映了整篇聽力材料的“主旨”，因此解答聽力題就是要正確捕捉“關(guān)鍵詞”。
根據(jù)聽力材料中“關(guān)鍵詞”的差異，筆者把聽力題分成了四類題：時間約會題、交易購物題、天氣狀況題、時事新聞題。
1．捕捉時間關(guān)鍵詞，巧答時間約會題
此類題常見的一些時間關(guān)鍵詞如下表所示：
例如：
Question: What time will the ship leave?
M: The ship leaves in twenty-five minutes.
W: Oh, it’s only six-forty now.
解析：現(xiàn)在是6：40，然后再向后推25分鐘，即可得出答案是7：05。
這類聽力題往往涉及到時間的計算問題，因此首先要掌握好以上表格所涉及的時間關(guān)鍵詞的用法以及這些關(guān)鍵詞之間的細(xì)微差別，然后通過適當(dāng)?shù)挠嬎愕玫秸_的答案。
2．捕捉金錢關(guān)鍵詞，巧答交易購物題
常見的金錢類關(guān)鍵詞如下表所示，
例如：Question: How much will the man save for what he is buying?
W: These toys are on special sale this week. They have been reduced by 5 dollars each.
M: All right. I’ll take two. Will you wrap them two for me?
解析：5乘2當(dāng)然應(yīng)該是10 dollars.
又如：Question: How much does the man pay for the sweater?
W: It’s…seventy-five dollars plus tax.
M: Hmm, since you like it so much, I can bring down the price by 10 percent.
解析：75 dollars 再減10%應(yīng)該是67.5 dollars.
這類聽力題往往也涉及到金錢的計算問題，因此首先要掌握好以上表格所涉及的時間關(guān)鍵詞的用法以及這些關(guān)鍵詞之間的細(xì)微差別，然后通過適當(dāng)?shù)挠嬎愕玫秸_的答案。
3．捕捉天氣關(guān)鍵詞，巧答天氣狀況題
常見的天氣類關(guān)鍵詞如下表所示，
例如：
?、貿(mào)uestion: What’s the weather like in Scotland in the morning?
A. cold but clearB. sunnyC. windy with rain
②In which place may there be ice on the road?
A. In northern EnglandB. In London C. In Scotland
?、踂hat’s the weather like in many places of Cardiff in the evening?
A. Cold and fogB. Snowy C. Rainy
?、躓hen will London be likely to have some sun?
A. Tomorrow afternoonB. This morning C. This afternoon
聽力原文：
Very strong winds will bring rain to Scotland and most of northern England in the morning. These winds will die away during the afternoon to give a cold clear night and there may be ice on the roads in Scotland. The rest of England and Wales will have a dry day, and in London temperatures will be higher than normal at this time of year. The evening will be cold with fog in many places in Cardiff, but temperatures will not be low enough for ice to form.
Tomorrow will be a windy day with rain everywhere until around noon. In the afternoon the rain will clear from the southwest, bringing fine weather to many parts by the evening and there may be some sun in London. But temperatures will be low and the winds may bring some snow anywhere in the north and west before morning.
解析：文章開篇通過地點(diǎn)和時間詞“Scotland in the morning”的復(fù)現(xiàn)，讓我們很清楚的知道了答案；而第二題考查的對象是地點(diǎn)，在聽的時候刻意地注意一下地點(diǎn)即可；第三題的問題有很強(qiáng)的指令性，抓住題干中的“Cardiff in the evening”就可以答題了；第四題詢問的是時間，但是結(jié)合地點(diǎn)“London”之后問題也會變得簡單了。
針對此類題目，首先我們要掌握以上表格中的關(guān)鍵詞，同時，注意觀察一下題目特點(diǎn)，若是涉及到某一時段某地的天氣，那么在聽的時候，留意一下這些時間即可得分。
4．捕捉新聞關(guān)鍵詞，巧答時事新聞題
常見的新聞類關(guān)鍵詞主要是和日期有關(guān)，具體如下表所示:
例如：
Question:①When did the earthquake take place? ____.
A. On TuesdayB. On WednesdayC. On Thursday
?、赪hat happened to the boy in the earthquake? ____.
A. He was badly hurtB. He was buried under a refrigeratorC. He was slightly wounded
?、跦ow did the boy survive the big earthquake? ____.
A. He stayed in a refrigerator
B. His father pulled him out in time
C. Their house escaped the earthquake
?、軭ow many people were killed in the earthquake? ____.
A. About 500B. About 5,000 C. About 50,000
聽力原文：
We interrupt this program to bring you a special news report.
A six-year-old boy has been found alive after spending almost 10 hours in a refrigerator that was buffed under tons of ruins in the big earthquake that took place early on the morning of Wednesday last week.
The boy, Tom, was found early yesterday in the village of Sem as rescuers were working to pull his father out of the ruins of their home.
Hearing a faint cry of “Get me out, get me out”, the rescuers dug down another 1.5 m and found the boy in the refrigerator. He was pronounced in good condition, suffering only four or five minor wounds.
Tom’s eight brothers and sisters died in the earthquake, which officials say may have killed as many as 5,000 people.
By yesterday afternoon, foreign doctors were leaving the earthquake area, as hope had faded of finding any more survivors.
Now we return you to the mid-afternoon music show.
解析：這是一篇很典型的時事新聞報道，第一題考查的是事件發(fā)生的時間，第二、三兩題考查的是與新聞人物有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)，而第四題則是數(shù)字，在聽力材料中都有清楚的表述，如果明確了新聞類題材考查的重點(diǎn)，正確答題也不是難事。
新聞類題材如果注意時間，同時結(jié)合人數(shù)，以及一些特有的人物所發(fā)生的細(xì)節(jié)，在聽的時候定能事半功倍。
高考英語聽力理解題主要是考查英語口語交際能力,理解說話者的主題思想和內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),領(lǐng)悟說話人的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn),所以考生應(yīng)對對話背景、雙方關(guān)系以及對話內(nèi)容的言外之意做出正確快捷的判斷,聽聽力之前充分看題，找出關(guān)鍵詞（key words）, 包括時間，最高級，否定詞，性別等；在每段材料聽完之后，迅速反應(yīng)，選出最佳答案。同時，學(xué)生在具備了一定的聽力知識的基礎(chǔ)上還應(yīng)該掌握一些解題技巧，這種技巧的培養(yǎng)更能讓學(xué)生在高考英語的聽力測試中得心應(yīng)手。
根據(jù)聽力材料中“關(guān)鍵詞”的差異，筆者把聽力題分成了四類題：時間約會題、交易購物題、天氣狀況題、時事新聞題。
1．捕捉時間關(guān)鍵詞，巧答時間約會題
此類題常見的一些時間關(guān)鍵詞如下表所示：
例如：
Question: What time will the ship leave?
M: The ship leaves in twenty-five minutes.
W: Oh, it’s only six-forty now.
解析：現(xiàn)在是6：40，然后再向后推25分鐘，即可得出答案是7：05。
這類聽力題往往涉及到時間的計算問題，因此首先要掌握好以上表格所涉及的時間關(guān)鍵詞的用法以及這些關(guān)鍵詞之間的細(xì)微差別，然后通過適當(dāng)?shù)挠嬎愕玫秸_的答案。
2．捕捉金錢關(guān)鍵詞，巧答交易購物題
常見的金錢類關(guān)鍵詞如下表所示，
例如：Question: How much will the man save for what he is buying?
W: These toys are on special sale this week. They have been reduced by 5 dollars each.
M: All right. I’ll take two. Will you wrap them two for me?
解析：5乘2當(dāng)然應(yīng)該是10 dollars.
又如：Question: How much does the man pay for the sweater?
W: It’s…seventy-five dollars plus tax.
M: Hmm, since you like it so much, I can bring down the price by 10 percent.
解析：75 dollars 再減10%應(yīng)該是67.5 dollars.
這類聽力題往往也涉及到金錢的計算問題，因此首先要掌握好以上表格所涉及的時間關(guān)鍵詞的用法以及這些關(guān)鍵詞之間的細(xì)微差別，然后通過適當(dāng)?shù)挠嬎愕玫秸_的答案。
3．捕捉天氣關(guān)鍵詞，巧答天氣狀況題
常見的天氣類關(guān)鍵詞如下表所示，
例如：
?、貿(mào)uestion: What’s the weather like in Scotland in the morning?
A. cold but clearB. sunnyC. windy with rain
②In which place may there be ice on the road?
A. In northern EnglandB. In London C. In Scotland
?、踂hat’s the weather like in many places of Cardiff in the evening?
A. Cold and fogB. Snowy C. Rainy
?、躓hen will London be likely to have some sun?
A. Tomorrow afternoonB. This morning C. This afternoon
聽力原文：
Very strong winds will bring rain to Scotland and most of northern England in the morning. These winds will die away during the afternoon to give a cold clear night and there may be ice on the roads in Scotland. The rest of England and Wales will have a dry day, and in London temperatures will be higher than normal at this time of year. The evening will be cold with fog in many places in Cardiff, but temperatures will not be low enough for ice to form.
Tomorrow will be a windy day with rain everywhere until around noon. In the afternoon the rain will clear from the southwest, bringing fine weather to many parts by the evening and there may be some sun in London. But temperatures will be low and the winds may bring some snow anywhere in the north and west before morning.
解析：文章開篇通過地點(diǎn)和時間詞“Scotland in the morning”的復(fù)現(xiàn)，讓我們很清楚的知道了答案；而第二題考查的對象是地點(diǎn)，在聽的時候刻意地注意一下地點(diǎn)即可；第三題的問題有很強(qiáng)的指令性，抓住題干中的“Cardiff in the evening”就可以答題了；第四題詢問的是時間，但是結(jié)合地點(diǎn)“London”之后問題也會變得簡單了。
針對此類題目，首先我們要掌握以上表格中的關(guān)鍵詞，同時，注意觀察一下題目特點(diǎn)，若是涉及到某一時段某地的天氣，那么在聽的時候，留意一下這些時間即可得分。
4．捕捉新聞關(guān)鍵詞，巧答時事新聞題
常見的新聞類關(guān)鍵詞主要是和日期有關(guān)，具體如下表所示:
例如：
Question:①When did the earthquake take place? ____.
A. On TuesdayB. On WednesdayC. On Thursday
?、赪hat happened to the boy in the earthquake? ____.
A. He was badly hurtB. He was buried under a refrigeratorC. He was slightly wounded
?、跦ow did the boy survive the big earthquake? ____.
A. He stayed in a refrigerator
B. His father pulled him out in time
C. Their house escaped the earthquake
?、軭ow many people were killed in the earthquake? ____.
A. About 500B. About 5,000 C. About 50,000
聽力原文：
We interrupt this program to bring you a special news report.
A six-year-old boy has been found alive after spending almost 10 hours in a refrigerator that was buffed under tons of ruins in the big earthquake that took place early on the morning of Wednesday last week.
The boy, Tom, was found early yesterday in the village of Sem as rescuers were working to pull his father out of the ruins of their home.
Hearing a faint cry of “Get me out, get me out”, the rescuers dug down another 1.5 m and found the boy in the refrigerator. He was pronounced in good condition, suffering only four or five minor wounds.
Tom’s eight brothers and sisters died in the earthquake, which officials say may have killed as many as 5,000 people.
By yesterday afternoon, foreign doctors were leaving the earthquake area, as hope had faded of finding any more survivors.
Now we return you to the mid-afternoon music show.
解析：這是一篇很典型的時事新聞報道，第一題考查的是事件發(fā)生的時間，第二、三兩題考查的是與新聞人物有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)，而第四題則是數(shù)字，在聽力材料中都有清楚的表述，如果明確了新聞類題材考查的重點(diǎn)，正確答題也不是難事。
新聞類題材如果注意時間，同時結(jié)合人數(shù)，以及一些特有的人物所發(fā)生的細(xì)節(jié)，在聽的時候定能事半功倍。
高考英語聽力理解題主要是考查英語口語交際能力,理解說話者的主題思想和內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),領(lǐng)悟說話人的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn),所以考生應(yīng)對對話背景、雙方關(guān)系以及對話內(nèi)容的言外之意做出正確快捷的判斷,聽聽力之前充分看題，找出關(guān)鍵詞（key words）, 包括時間，最高級，否定詞，性別等；在每段材料聽完之后，迅速反應(yīng)，選出最佳答案。同時，學(xué)生在具備了一定的聽力知識的基礎(chǔ)上還應(yīng)該掌握一些解題技巧，這種技巧的培養(yǎng)更能讓學(xué)生在高考英語的聽力測試中得心應(yīng)手。