考研英語閱讀怎么復(fù)習(xí)
英語閱讀的復(fù)習(xí)是需要慢慢地進(jìn)行的，不然考研的時(shí)候會很難一下子抓住閱讀的脈絡(luò)。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的考研英語閱讀怎么復(fù)習(xí)，供大家參閱!
考研英語閱讀速度提升技巧
一、閱讀文章基本方法有3種——略讀;精讀;尋讀。
略讀種快速閱讀方法，在非常短的時(shí)間內(nèi)瀏覽全文獲得文章的中心思想和主要事實(shí)。精讀仔細(xì)閱讀每句話，理解分析其含義，弄清句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)而理解整個(gè)段落的意思。尋讀通過目光掃視，迅速確定你所期望得到的信息的位置。
考試中3種基本方法可以用在不同的情況。通過略讀，我們可以了解材料的結(jié)構(gòu)安排和主要信息，利用精讀我們可以針對考題中的某些信息或難點(diǎn)做具體細(xì)致的解析，而尋讀則在解題過程中起著一個(gè)定位的作用。
二、閱讀步驟
第一步：略讀短文，把握方向
用盡量短的時(shí)間掃視短文，特別留意每段的第一句和末段的最后一句。因?yàn)楦鞫蔚闹黝}句往往在句首，而文章的最后一句很可能是概括總結(jié)。略讀的目的是掌握短文的主旨大意，做到對全文的內(nèi)容心中大致有數(shù)，有一個(gè)思考的方向。
第二步：瀏覽問題，有的放矢
瀏覽5個(gè)問題，揣測出題者出此題的目的并側(cè)重閱讀短文相關(guān)部分。由于對所問問題及文章主旨都已了解，在閱讀時(shí)自然會知道哪些地方得細(xì)讀哪些地方可一帶而過甚至跳過不讀。所有問題都是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容提出的，基本反映并覆蓋了文章的主要內(nèi)容。先閱讀問題再閱讀全文，這種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：可在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)有針對性地閱讀相關(guān)內(nèi)容，便于給相關(guān)問題定位，有的放矢，事半功倍。
第三步：分析判斷，確定答案
在完成上面兩步的基礎(chǔ)上，對5個(gè)問題逐一解答。需要注意的是：要是文章內(nèi)容涉及自己熟悉的題材和知識范疇，在選項(xiàng)時(shí)絕對不能單憑自己的主觀判斷解決問題。因?yàn)槲恼驴嫉氖悄銓υ撈拈喿x理解能力，而不是你的某種知識，因此選項(xiàng)不能脫離文章的題意。
對于閱讀速度較慢的考生來說，建議不妨直接從第二步開始：先瀏覽所有5道題的題目，對文章所涉及的內(nèi)容有個(gè)粗略的估計(jì)或了解，然后逐一解答。先尋讀文章的相關(guān)部分，然后選擇正確答案。如遇到有關(guān)文章主旨大意或需要推理的題，可先放一放，等做完其他題再做這類題。先難后易，各個(gè)擊破。
此外，在閱讀的過程中，不妨在自己認(rèn)為比較重要的某些句子或詞語(主題句，關(guān)鍵詞)下面劃線，標(biāo)上符號，這樣有助于突出重點(diǎn)，活躍思維，同時(shí)也便于閱讀，節(jié)省時(shí)間，使閱讀更加積極。并且對于記憶力稍差的考生而言，記住幾個(gè)重要句子和信息要比記住全文容易得多了。所以，我們建議對閱讀文章中的主要句子和關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)出記號并重點(diǎn)閱讀。
考研英語閱讀理解考點(diǎn)預(yù)測1
I 高頻考點(diǎn)出處
一、as結(jié)構(gòu)
regard…as…(2011)
call…as…(2011)
use…as…(2004)
consider…as…(2004)
treat…as…(2014)
portray…as…(2012)
view…as…
see…as…
look upon…as
treat…as…
think of…as…
二、否定詞
2011 Q22 細(xì)節(jié)題---猜詞 unpretentious—modest
2011 Q39 細(xì)節(jié)推理題---猜詞 unrealistic—misleading
2012 Q26 詞義題 reneging on—dishonoring
2012 Q40 態(tài)度題 but, bad—disapproval
2013 Q23詞義題 indictment—accusation
2014 Q24 細(xì)節(jié)推理 hurting, terrifying, embarrassing, hard to get—uneasy
2015 Q27 態(tài)度題 discard—disapproval
三、特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)
2013 Q34 細(xì)節(jié)題冒號
2012 Q24 細(xì)節(jié)推理題冒號
2012Q 29 細(xì)節(jié)題冒號
2011 Q36 觀點(diǎn)題冒號
2007 Q31 細(xì)節(jié)題冒號
2012 Q36 推理題分號
2013 Q25 主旨題分號
2014 Q38 細(xì)節(jié)題分號
考研英語閱讀理解考點(diǎn)預(yù)測2
II 閱讀解題技巧
一、細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題方法】題干+選項(xiàng)精確定位法
【解題步驟】
1、 找題干關(guān)鍵詞，精確定位到文章(題干的關(guān)鍵詞一般會定位到文章的某句或者相連的兩句中)
2、將所選答案精確定位到文章
【例題】2012年Text1
22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should _________.
[A] recruit professional advertisers
[B] learn from advertisers’ experience
[C] stay away from commercial advertisers
[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements
The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. “Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1、題干定位：段落的最后一句
Rosenberg--- Rosenberg
holds---argues
that---that
public-health advocates--- public-health advocates
should---ought to
因此，答案定位在take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
2、選項(xiàng)定位
答案[B] learn from advertisers’ experience
learn from---take a page from 表“學(xué)習(xí)”。
experience---skilled 表示“有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，很嫻熟的”。
二、推斷題
【解題方法】找段落中心句
尋找段落中心句方法：
第一、邏輯上出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)承關(guān)系的句子(轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、遞進(jìn)，即有therefore, thus, but, however, in short, all in all 等提示詞的句子);
第二、有明確表示觀點(diǎn)的路標(biāo)指引詞(think, believe, deny, acknowledge, insist, according to, claim…)
第三、含有情態(tài)動詞的句子(should, must…)
第四、含有特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)的句子(冒號、破折號、引號、括號)
第五、特殊句型(疑問句、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句)
第六、平鋪直敘段落中，注意首末句
【解題步驟】
1、根據(jù)題干，尋找該段落中心句,
2、正確答案即段落中心句的同義改寫
【例題】2009年Text4
37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.
[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history
[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World
[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life
[D] were obsessed with religious innovations
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1、尋找段落中心句(轉(zhuǎn)折處)
But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.
2、正確答案即段落中心句的同義改寫
答案[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World
New Englanders--- the original Puritans
brought with ---carriers
them---the original puritans
the culture---culture
old world---European
三、態(tài)度題
【解題方法】作者態(tài)度分類法
1、在判斷感情色彩時(shí)，應(yīng)結(jié)合以下兩點(diǎn)。
1)作者態(tài)度可以分為三大類：a. 正向態(tài)度：支持，樂觀，贊同;b. 客觀、中立、公正;c. 負(fù)向態(tài)度：反對、批評、懷疑
2)特別注意作者的態(tài)度一般與文章中心相聯(lián)系。不要把自己的態(tài)度納入其中，而且要注意區(qū)分作者的態(tài)度和作者引用別人的態(tài)度。
2、匹配選項(xiàng)。匹配選項(xiàng)時(shí)應(yīng)該注意：
1)有些選項(xiàng)一定不是正確答案(永陪選項(xiàng))：indifferent(漠不關(guān)心);subjective(主觀的);biased(有偏見的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)。
2)一般帶有絕對化或者過于強(qiáng)烈的語氣的選項(xiàng)必然是錯(cuò)誤的，如：strongly;completely;entirely。
3、 態(tài)度題的新趨勢：
1)現(xiàn)在題目的考察不僅僅局限于作者的態(tài)度，也開始考察文章中某人的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，做題時(shí)特別應(yīng)該注意看清楚題目考察的是誰對誰的態(tài)度。
2)選項(xiàng)可能不在是態(tài)度明確的肯定或者否定的詞，而是改為帶有程度限制的詞語，帶有如下詞語的選項(xiàng)往往是正確的：guarded慎重的，qualified有條件的，tempered緩和的，因?yàn)閹в斜Ａ魬B(tài)度的觀點(diǎn)比較客觀，一般帶有絕對化或者過于強(qiáng)烈的語氣的選項(xiàng)必然是錯(cuò)誤的，如：strongly completely entirely
【解題步驟】
1、判斷選項(xiàng)ABCD的態(tài)度正負(fù)向，將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行分類(正向，負(fù)向)
2、根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，回文定位判斷態(tài)度。
【例題】2015年Text 2
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.
27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of
[A] disapproval.
[B] indifference.
[C] tolerance.
[D] cautiousness.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1、判斷選項(xiàng)態(tài)度的正負(fù)向
[A] disapproval反對的(負(fù))
[B] indifference漠不關(guān)心的(中立)
[C] tolerance包容(正)
[D] cautiousness謹(jǐn)慎的(正)
2、回文判斷態(tài)度
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument
因此，根據(jù)文章的discarding，可以確定是表示負(fù)向否定態(tài)度，因此答案選A。
四、主旨題
【解題方法】1、串線法 2、主題詞復(fù)現(xiàn)法 3、框架法
【解題步驟】
1、找出段落中心句或者主題詞
2、串聯(lián)各段段落中心句，合并同類項(xiàng)，即可得出全文主旨
【例題】2008年Text 1
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?
[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference
[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?
[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1、總結(jié)每段中心
Para1 女性比男性壓力大
Para2 從生物角度而言，女性比男性壓力大
Para3 現(xiàn)實(shí)中，女性比男性壓力大
Para4 女性和男性面對的壓力的不同特點(diǎn)
Para5 舉例論證女性壓力的特點(diǎn)
Para6 女性壓力的現(xiàn)狀及應(yīng)對建議
2、合并同類項(xiàng)，即可得出全文主旨
Para1 women men stress
Para2 women men stress
Para3 women men stress
Para4 women men stress
Para5 women stress
Para6 women stress
Para1-Para4 women men stress(兩性壓力不平等)
Para5-Para6 women stress(壓力下的女性)
正確答案[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress
五、詞匯題
【解題方法】1、構(gòu)詞法猜詞 2、語法猜詞
【解題步驟】
1、拆分詞詞根詞綴
2、聯(lián)系上下文語法猜詞
【例題】2011年Text1
22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is
[A]influential. [B]modest. [C]respectable. [D]talented.
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
【解題步驟】
第一步：本題表面是細(xì)節(jié)題，定位為
題干：Tommasini 文章：Tommasini
regards…as… call…(as)…
Gilbert him
an an
artist musician
who is unpretentious
第二步：本題轉(zhuǎn)化為猜詞題
詞根詞綴猜詞：un+pretent+ious，其中pretent是pretend(假裝)的詞根，單詞的表面意思是“不假裝的”，意思就是“謙虛的，低調(diào)的”，因此選B。
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