歷年高考說理議論類英語閱讀

　　高考英語中經(jīng)常會出一些說理議論類的閱讀類型，這種類型的題目一般要怎么做呢?以下是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為您整理的歷年高考說理議論類英語閱讀，僅供參考!

　　歷年高考說理議論類英語閱讀一

　　In business, there's a speed difference: It's the difference between how important a firm's leaders say speed is to their competitive(競爭的) strategy(策略) and how fast the company actually moves.The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.

　　In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain_an_edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track.What's more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.

　　How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean.Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operational speed (moving quickly) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value).Simply increasing the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference.But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.

　　In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion.They encouraged new ways of thinking.And they allowed time to look back and learn.By contrast (相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn't develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.

　　Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.That kind of strategy must come from the top.

　　1.What does the underlined part “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　A.Increase the speed.

　　B.Get an advantage.

　　C.Reach the limit.

　　D.Set a goal.

　　2.The underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means ________.

　　A.spending more time and performing worse

　　B.spending more time and performing better

　　C.spending less time and performing worse

　　D.spending less time and performing better

　　3.What can we learn from the text?

　　A.How fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.

　　B.How competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.

　　C.Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.

　　D.Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.

　　4.Which could be the best title for the text?

　　A.Improve quality? Serve better.

　　B.Deliver value? Plough ahead.

　　C.Reduce time? Move faster.

　　D.Need speed? Slow down.

　　答案與解析

　　1.B　詞義猜測題。許多公司都想選擇提速來獲取優(yōu)勢，而不是達(dá)到極限或設(shè)定目標(biāo)，故get an advantage正確。

　　2.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中第三段第一句和第二句的含義：他們怎樣違反商業(yè)物理規(guī)則，比做得更好的競爭對手花了更多的時間?他們不同地看待更慢和更快的意思。可知商業(yè)物理規(guī)則應(yīng)是用更少的時間做得更好。故選D項。

　　3.C　推理判斷題。文章主要講述了strategic speed的重要性，且在文中第四段第一句也說明了這一點(diǎn)：運(yùn)用策略速度的公司往往在必要時作出改變。故選C項。

　　4.D　主旨大意題。文章圍繞speed 展開，且區(qū)分了operational speed 與 strategic speed，強(qiáng)調(diào)了后者的重要性，故D項正確。

　　歷年高考說理議論類英語閱讀二

　　Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up.” says science writer Matt Ridley. “The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”

　　Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he's carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he's set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.

　　Here's how he explains his views.

　　1 ) Shopping fuels invention

　　It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.

　　2) Brilliant advances

　　One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours' work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it's half second.

　　3 ) Let's not kill ourselves for climate change

　　Mitigating (減輕) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil-fuel (化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well-meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose??bleed by putting a tourniquet (止血帶) around our necks.

　　1. What is the theme of Ridley's most recent book?

　　A. Weakness of human nature.

　　B. Concern about climate change.

　　C. Importance of practical thinking.

　　D. Optimism about human progress.

　　2. How does Ridley look at shopping?

　　A. It encourages the creation of things.

　　B. It results in shortage of goods.

　　C. It demands more fossil fuels.

　　D. It causes a poverty problem.

　　3. The candle and lamp example is used to show that ________.

　　A. oil lamps give off more light than candles

　　B. shortening working time brings about a happier life

　　C. advanced technology helps to produce better candles

　　D. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods

　　4. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

　　A. Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.

　　B. Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous.

　　C. People's health is closely related to climate change.

　　D. Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.

　　答案與解析

　　1.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he's carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress...” Ridley 自稱是一個理性的樂觀主義者，所謂理性是因?yàn)樗屑?xì)權(quán)衡證據(jù);所謂樂觀是因?yàn)檫@些證據(jù)表明人類進(jìn)步是不可避免的，而且也是十分美好的。這就是他在近期的一本書當(dāng)中以全新的視角向人們證明的主題。故此處D項正確。

　　2.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一個小標(biāo)題題目“Shopping fuels invention”以及其內(nèi)容最后一句“The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.”可知，購物刺激發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，刺激消費(fèi)，促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)，這種情況越多，我們將會越富有。故此處A項正確。

　　3.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二個標(biāo)題內(nèi)容可知，我們生活遠(yuǎn)比以前富裕，健康，長壽，人也長得高了，也比以前聰明了，其中一個原因是我們?nèi)祟惖乃姆N基本需求——衣，食，住，行比以前便宜了很多。因此以油燈和蠟燭為例進(jìn)一步闡述，故此處D項正確。

　　4.B　推理判斷題。由文章最后一句可知，如果氣候變化證明是輕微的，然而降低二氧化碳會引起麻煩，那么很可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們用止血帶纏繞脖子以此止住鼻血。此處暗指對氣候變化的過度反應(yīng)存在危險。故B項正確。