高中英語語法總結(jié)范文精選
總結(jié)，可以把零散的、膚淺的感性認(rèn)識(shí)上升為系統(tǒng)、深刻的理性認(rèn)識(shí)，從而得出科學(xué)的結(jié)論，以便發(fā)揚(yáng)成績、克服缺點(diǎn)、吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，使今后的工作少走彎路、多出成果。下面就是小編給大家?guī)淼母咧杏⒄Z語法總結(jié)范文精選，希望能幫助到大家!
高中英語語法總結(jié)范文精選一：時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
一. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
時(shí)態(tài)是謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式。英語動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài)，但是常用的只有9種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。下面分別進(jìn)行介紹。
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法
1) 表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作;表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征或真理而不表示具體的特定行為。
句子中常用often，usually，every day等時(shí)間狀語。例如： He goes to school every day。(經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作) He is very happy.(現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)) The earth moves around the sun.〈真理〉
2) 在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的形式表示將來。
If you come this afternoon，we'll have a meeting. When I graduate，I'll go to the countryside.
3) 有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃，規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，(句中都帶有時(shí)間狀語)但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如begin，come，leave，go，arrive, start，stop，return，open，close等。 The meeting begins at seven.
The train starts at nine in the morning. 在時(shí)。例如：
I like English very much.
2. 一般過去時(shí)的用法
4) 表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動(dòng)詞，如be，like，hate.think, remember, find，sound等常用一般現(xiàn)
The story sounds very interesting.
1) 表示過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.
I used to smoke. He worked in a factory in 1988. During the vacation I would swim in the sea. 2) 表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用“used to”和“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：
注意：used to表示過去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。另外“to be used to+名詞(動(dòng)名詞)”表示“習(xí)慣于„„’’。例如：
I am used to the climate here. He is used to swimming in winter.
3. 一般將來時(shí)的用法
一般將來時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其表達(dá)形式除了“will或shall + 動(dòng)詞原形”外，還有以下幾種形式。
1) ―to be going to+動(dòng)詞原形‖，表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。例如： It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today.
2) go, come, start, move, leave, arrive, stay等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
I’m leaving for Beijing. Next week I’m staying in the country for days.
The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 3) ―be to + 動(dòng)詞原形‖表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對(duì)方意見。 Are we to go on with this work ?
跟時(shí)間狀語。例如：
We are about to leave. I’m about to start out. He gets off at the next stop. 5) 某些詞，如come，go，leave，arrive，start，get，stay等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可表示將來。 The meeting starts at five o'clock.
4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由“to be + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，另外“系動(dòng)詞十
介詞或副詞”也表示進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義。例如：
What are you doing? The bridge is under construction.
2) 表示感覺，愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞如：have, be, hear, see, like等詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。
3) 非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，但當(dāng)用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)所表達(dá)的意義是：a) 逐漸地。 b)
反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如：
a) I’m beginning to understand it. (我慢慢開始明白了。)
b) The monkey is jumping up and down there. (那只猴子在那一直上上下下跳個(gè)不停。)
4) 有的句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)均可，但用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)往往帶有感情色彩。比較：
The Changjiang River flows to the east. (長江向東流。 客觀現(xiàn)實(shí))
The Changjiang River is flowing to the east. (長江滾滾東流。 贊嘆)
Tom often lies to our teachers. (“湯姆經(jīng)常對(duì)老師撒謊?！北頊返牧?xí)慣)
Tom is always lying to our teacher. (“湯姆老是對(duì)老師撒謊?！北碚f話者厭惡的態(tài)度)
5. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
1) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻、某一階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由“was(were)十 現(xiàn)在分詞”
構(gòu)成。例如： In 1980 he was studying in a university. He was reading a novel when I came in.
4) ―be about to+動(dòng)詞原形‖ 表示即刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為：be ready to do sth.后面一般不
2) 用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)有行為完成與否的差別。比較：
Yesterday my sister wrote a letter. (寫了一封信)
Yesterday my sister was writing a letter. (這封信或許還沒有寫完)
6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。其使用有兩種情況：
1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作在說話之前已完成，而對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。句中沒有具體時(shí)間狀語。
He has gone to Wuhan.(說話人認(rèn)為他不在該地) He has been to Wuhan.(說話人認(rèn)為他在該地)
表示一段時(shí)間的狀語或so far，now，today，this week(month，year)等表示包括現(xiàn)在 時(shí)間在內(nèi)的狀語。例如： He has studied English for 5 years.
He has studied English since 1985.
Now I have finished the work.
注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞，如：come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成時(shí)不能與for，since等表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用。
3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。例如：
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning，we'll go to the park.
7. 過去完成時(shí)的用法
1) 過去完成時(shí)由“had+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)
作之前完成的動(dòng)作狀態(tài)。句中常用by，before，until，when等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。例如：
By the end of last year we had bui1t five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.
或持續(xù)下去。例如：
Before he slept，he had worked for 12 hours.
8. 過去將來時(shí)的用法
過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的某時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時(shí)由“should或would + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。第一人稱用should，其他人稱用would。例如：
They were sure that they would succeed.
9. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have(has)+ been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示現(xiàn)在以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。有些詞，如work，study，live，teach等用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)意思差不多。例如： I have worked here for three years.
I have been working here for three years.
但多數(shù)動(dòng)詞在這兩種時(shí)態(tài)中表示不同意思。例如：
I have written a letter.(己寫完)
I have been wring a letter.(還在寫)
注意：表示短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如finish，marry，get up，come，go等不能用這種時(shí)態(tài)。
2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。常用for和since
2) 過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間
二. 動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)
1. 當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語的形式叫主動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，
謂語要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。例如：
1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：You are required to do this.
2) 一般過去時(shí)：The story was told by her.
3) —般將來時(shí)：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
4) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：The road is being widened.
5) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：The new tool was being made.
6) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：The novel has been read.
7) 過去完成時(shí)：He said that the work had been finished.
8) 過去將來時(shí)：He said that the trees would be planted soon.
2. 一些特殊的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：
1) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：
The problem must be solved soon.
2) 帶不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：
The room is going to be painted. The homework needs to be done with care.
例l)The baby is looked after carefully.
用于這類被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動(dòng)詞要把它們作為整體看待，即要把它們看作單字及物動(dòng)詞。
這類結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種：
a) (不及物)動(dòng)詞+介詞：agree to，ask for，call for，laugh at，listen to，look after，
operate on，send for，talk about.think of等。
b) (及物)動(dòng)詞+副詞：bring about，carry out，find out，give up，
hand in， make out， pass on， point out， put away， put off， take up, think over，
turn down，turn out，wipe out，work out等。
c) 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞：do away with，face up to，give in to，look down upon, make up for,
put up with等。
例2)They will be taken (good) care of.
Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.
用于這類被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動(dòng)詞最多見的是“動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。如：catch sight of，keep an eye on，make use of，make a fool of，pay attention to， put an end to，set fire / light to， take care of, take hold of，take notice of等。
例2) 與例1) 的不同點(diǎn)在于，它們用于被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)能有兩種形式。第一種形式是把“動(dòng)詞十名詞+介詞”作為整體看待。第二種形式是把其中的“動(dòng)詞+名詞”作為“動(dòng)詞+賓語”的結(jié)構(gòu)處理。
4) 帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞在改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改成主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語后面。例如：
We always keep the classroom clean. (比較：The classroom is always kept clean.)
3) 短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：
5) 漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示，例如：
據(jù)說„„ 希望„„ 據(jù)推測(cè)說„„ It is said that„ It is hoped that„ It is supposed that„ It must be admitted that„ It must be pointed out that„ It is well known that„ It will be said that„ It is generally considered that„
It is believed that„ 必須承認(rèn)„„ 必須指出„„ 眾所周知„„ 有人會(huì)說„„ 大家認(rèn)為„„ 有人相信„„
3. 表示被動(dòng)含義的主動(dòng)動(dòng)詞
1) 系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式,但有些系動(dòng)詞常表示被動(dòng)意義。常見的有l(wèi)ook, taste, sound, smell,
prove, feel等, 例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable.? The door won’t open. The book sells well.? Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. It can’t move. These clothes wash easily. The dust has blown into the house. 2) 一些與can’t或won’t連用的動(dòng)詞。 常用的有: lock, shut, open, act等, 例如: 3) 一些與well, easily, perfectly等連用的動(dòng)詞, 如: sell, wash, clean, burn, cook等, 例如: 4) 用在 ―主語 + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + 主語補(bǔ)語‖ 句型中的一些不及物動(dòng)詞, 例如: This material has worn thin.?
4. 表示被動(dòng)含義的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
1) 在動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中
be worth, want (=need), need, require后所用的動(dòng)名詞, 必須用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)意義。
These young seedlings will require / need looking after (= need to be looked after) carefully. Your hair wants / needs cutting (needs to be cut).
a) 作定語:不定式結(jié)構(gòu)常表示動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 即用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這種情
形最常出現(xiàn)在 ―There + be + 主語 + 修飾主語的不定式‖ 和 ―及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語 (或雙賓語) + 修飾賓語的不定式‖ 結(jié)構(gòu)中, 特別是 ―主語 + have + 賓語 + 修飾賓語的不定式‖ 結(jié)構(gòu)中。
Give him some books to read.? He has a family to support. There is a lot of work to do. 當(dāng)然, 這里的不定式在個(gè)別情形下也可用被動(dòng)形式, 含義區(qū)別不大,例如: There is so much work to do / to be done. Give me the names of the people to contact / to be contacted.
是應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。適合于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞比較多, 最常用的有amusing, cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, important, nice, pleasant等, 例如:
That question is difficult to answer.? Chicken’s legs are nice to eat.
2) 在不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中 b) 在―主語 + be + 形容詞 + 不定式‖句型中, 有時(shí)主語是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯賓語, 這在be to結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式:這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表主動(dòng), 被動(dòng)表被
動(dòng)。然而,由于古英語的影響, 下列動(dòng)詞仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義:
Who is to blame for starting the fire? The house is to let. A lot remains to do.
3) 在特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中
a) ―be + under +名詞‖ 結(jié)構(gòu):這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示某事 ―在進(jìn)行中‖。例如: The building is under construction.?
The whole matter is under discussion (= is being discussed).
經(jīng)常這樣用的名詞還有repair (修理), treatment (治療), question (質(zhì)問)等。
b) ―be worthy of +名詞‖結(jié)構(gòu): 在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中, 名詞和句子的主語有被動(dòng)含義, 如: a man worthy of support nothing worthy of praise
此結(jié)構(gòu)后通常用表示行為的名詞, 而不用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式。
高中英語語法總結(jié)范文精選二：句子的種類
一. 簡單句
一個(gè)簡單句里只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)(有時(shí)可能會(huì)有并列的主語或謂語)，而謂語又一定是需要限定動(dòng)詞的，因此，通過對(duì)限定動(dòng)詞的識(shí)別，可以幫助我們判斷一個(gè)句子是不是簡單句，找出其基本結(jié)構(gòu)中缺少或多余的成分。請(qǐng)看以下例句：
I saw him walking to the office this morning and looking eager to get there and start work. (saw 是限定動(dòng)詞;walking，looking，to get，start都是非限定性動(dòng)詞，即非謂語動(dòng)詞。)
While cutting trees，one man was nearly killed by a falling tree. (was是限定動(dòng)詞;cutting，killed，falling是非限定動(dòng)詞。)
You can either stay here or come with us.
(stay，come都是非限定動(dòng)詞;can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，can stay or come作謂語。)
二. 并列句
1. 并列連詞及其使用
1) 常用的并列連詞(或稱等立連詞)有：and，or，but，for，not only...but(also)，either...or，
nether...nor，both...and.
2) 除for以外的并列連詞都可以用來連接一個(gè)單句里的兩個(gè)并列成分，例如：
Jenny and I are good friends。 We run，jump and shout for joy together.
(當(dāng)有兩個(gè)以上的并列成分時(shí)，一般只在最后兩者之間用連詞。)
We go for a walk or watch TV after supper.。
The bike is quite old but in excellent condition.
Either your answer or mine is wrong.
3) 除both...and以外的并列連詞還可用來連接兩個(gè)簡單句(或稱并列分句)，構(gòu)成并列句。
She was often late and everybody knew，but no one asked why.
The old lady doesn't go out in the winter， for she feels the cold a great deal.
Not only is the teacher himself interested h the subject but a11 his students are beginning to show an interest in it.
2. 連接并列分句的其它手段
1) when/where偶爾也可作并列連詞;如：
I was walking down the street when I remembered that I had forgotten my umbrella.(when = and then)
Last night I went to the theatre where I saw Tom's parents，(where = and there) The tongue is not steel，yet it cuts.
I’m busy today，so can you come tomorrow?
Go into the cave，then they won't see you.
It may be possible or not;however，we shall understand.
I’ve never been to Berlin;therefore I don't know much about it. 2) 副詞yet，的和then可以連接并列分句：
3) 還可用分號(hào)“;”。如： 3. 并列分句的排列順序 必須考慮各分句之間的邏輯關(guān)系及其時(shí)間上的先后順序，具體情況具體分析。 1) 有些并列的分句可以相互顛倒，并不影響所表達(dá)的句意，如： Everyone was in the classroom and the doors were closed.
(=The doors were c1osed and everyone was in the classroom.)
2) 多數(shù)并列句里的分句不能相互顛倒。如：
Most of us were in the classroom，the doors were closed and the late comers had to wait Outside.
(為說明門關(guān)之后，遲到者只好在外等著，后兩個(gè)分句的順序不能顛倒。)
We were coming to see you，but it rained(so we didn’t)。
(考慮到兩個(gè)分句所談事實(shí)的時(shí)間先后與邏輯關(guān)系，它們的位置不能顛倒。)
三. 復(fù)合句
1. 復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)(或一個(gè)以上的)從句組成。用來連接從句的連詞是從屬連詞。從句附屬于主句的方式有三種：
1) 相當(dāng)另一個(gè)句子里的某個(gè)名詞或名詞詞組的作用，作名詞從句。
Everyone could see the truth / (that) it was true.
2) 修飾句子里的某個(gè)名詞或代詞，作定語從句。如：
I often see My old friends / my school friends who were at school with me.
3) 相當(dāng)另一個(gè)句子里的某個(gè)狀語的作用，作狀語從句。如：
I met your brother ten years ago / when I came to this school. 2. 兩類連詞的區(qū)分與使用 并列連詞與從屬連詞的作用不同，注意不可混用。如：
不能說：*Although I was good at maths，but I was never given full marks.(although與but不能連用)
應(yīng)說：Although I was good at maths，(yet)I was never given full marks.
或： I was good at maths，but/yet I was never given full marks.
不能說：*Unless you work harder，or you will fail to pass the test.(unless與or不能連用)
應(yīng)說：Unless you work harder，you will fail to pass the test.
或：Work harder/you must work harder, or you will fail to pass the test.
四. 陳述句的肯定與否定
1. not及其它否定詞的使用
1) 否定句一般可以由否定詞not及必要的助詞來構(gòu)成，例如：
These exercises are not difficult.
I don't like sweets.
2) 除not以外，還有以下這些否定詞，也能構(gòu)成否定句：
a) never，hardly，seldom一類含否定意義的副詞。如：
I have not / never / hardly (ever)/ seldom spoken to Mr. George.
I have not said anything to anybody about it.
I have spoken to nobody / no one about it.
I have said nothing to anybody about it.
I haven't any money / I have no money.
I haven't any./ I have none.
c) neither和nor，主要在以下句式中：
---I haven't spoken to Mr. George.
---Neither/Nor have I.
當(dāng)用作連詞時(shí)，neither要在nor之前。如：
Neither Bob nor I broke the window. We neither want nor need any help from you, thank you. b) no，none以及其它由no-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞(nothing，nobody，no one，nowhere等)。
2. 肯定變否定時(shí)的其它相應(yīng)變化
肯定與否定句的區(qū)別，除了看有無否定詞之外，還可能體現(xiàn)在其它方面，試比較： I have found some mistakes already.
I haven't found any yet?(some >>> any;already >>> yet)
I have found some mistakes，too.
I haven't found any either.(too >>> either)
五. 疑問句
1. 否定問句
1) 否定問句可由否定句變來，例如：
He doesn't eat meat.
I haven't seen him.
結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)正規(guī)，如：
Does he not eat meat?(不能說 *Does not he...?)
Have you not seen him?(不能說 *Have not you...?)
3) 否定問句的回答要“前后如一”，不可受漢語影響犯以下這類錯(cuò)誤：
— Doesn't he eat meat?
一Yes，he does. /No，he doesn't.
(不能說 Yes，he doesn't./No，he does.)
2. 反意疑問句的一般構(gòu)成
1) 反意疑問句的一般構(gòu)成是：肯定陳述，否定尾句;否定陳述，肯定尾句。要注意反問尾
句中的助詞(或系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等)與人稱代詞應(yīng)與陳述部分中的語法動(dòng)詞與主語取
得一致。例如：
Jane is your cousin，isn’t she? There is no doubt，is there?
We need to ask first，don’t we? We needn’t ask first，need we?
2) 要注意陳述部分主語后面的縮寫形式 's或 'd的真實(shí)意義，以決定尾句應(yīng)該選用的助動(dòng)
詞或系動(dòng)詞等。如：
He’s never met you before，has he? (He's=He has)
He’s going to tell you the truth，isn't he?(He's=He is)
You'd better go， hadn't you? (you'd =you had)
You'd rather stay， wouldn't you?(you'd =you would)
3) 要注意“否定陳述+肯定尾句”的回答必須前后一致。
You seldom go swimming in the morning，do you?
Yes，I do，/No，I don't.
3. 比較特殊的反意疑問句
有些反意疑問句的尾句構(gòu)成比較特殊，應(yīng)當(dāng)引起注意:
Few people knew the answer，did they?(few為否定含義，后接肯定尾句。)
I'm older than you，aren't I?(I am后面的否定尾句常用aren't I?)
Pass me the newspaper，will you?(肯定祈使句用will you?)
Don't be late next time，will you?(否定祈使句后也用will you?)
Remember to lock the door，won't you?(用won't you表示請(qǐng)求或懇求。)
Use your head，can't you?(can't you表示不耐煩或不滿的斥責(zé)。)
Let's do it by ourselves，shall we?(第一人稱祈使句，we包括說話人與聽話人雙方。)
Let us do it by ourselves，will you?(第二人稱祈使句，we只指說話人一方。)
Everybody has been told what to do，haven't they?(盡管hasn't he似乎更合語法;習(xí)慣常用 haven't they。)
Doesn't he eat meat? >>> Haven't you seen him?
2) 否定問句的開頭一般都用not的縮寫形式;如分開，則須將not放到主語之后，但這類
None of us knew the way，did we?(none of us作主語, 尾句中用we)
Some of you are learning Russian，aren't you?(同上句理解。)
4. 特殊疑問句
1) 兩種語序：
a) 當(dāng)疑問詞為主語或主語的定語時(shí)，語序與陳述句相同，如：
Somebody broke the window. >>> Who broke the window?
Something broke the window. >>> What broke the window?
Somebody's window was broken. >>> Whose window was broken?
b) 當(dāng)疑問詞為其它成分時(shí)，則疑問詞后面的語序與一般疑問句相同，如：
He was reading China Daily. >>> What paper was he reading?
I saw the film yesterday. >>> When did you see the film?
2) 要注意選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~以及與之搭配的其他詞語，如：
I bought a bike made in Tianjing. >>> What bike did you buy?
The new bike under the tree is mine. >>> Which bike is yours? He did his work carefully. >>> How did he do his work?
I go to the library twice a week.>>> How often do you go to the library?
He painted the desk white.>>> What color did he paint the desk?
5. 兩類選擇疑問句
1) 一類是以一般疑問句為基礎(chǔ)的。如：
Do you speak French or German?
Will they come to see us or sha11 we go to see them?
Has Henry finished his breakfast or hasn't he?
2) 另一類是以特殊疑問句為基礎(chǔ)的，可以看成是由一個(gè)Wh- 問句加上并列起來供人選擇
的兩個(gè)(或兩個(gè)以上的)答案構(gòu)成的。如：
How do you go to school every day，by bus or on foot?
When shall we set off，at six or (at)six thirty?
六. 祈使句
1. 祈使句的主語
1) 主語應(yīng)為第二人稱時(shí)，通常不表示出來，如：
Read after me， please. Be careful with your pronunciation. Have this seat，will you?(可加反意疑問句) Let me have a try. Let him try again. All/Everybody be here at two o'clock。(也可不用Let) 2) 行為動(dòng)作的主語為第一、三人稱時(shí)，祈使句通帶以Let開頭：
2. 祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)與否定
1) 祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是在句首加Do：
Do come early next time. Do be careful! 2) 祈使句的否定是在句首加Don't： Don't ask me why. Don't be late.
Don't 1et there be too much noise.
Never buy what you cannot pay for.(也可用Never)
3. 祈使句+and/or結(jié)構(gòu)
這類結(jié)構(gòu)?？膳c含if從句的復(fù)合句相互轉(zhuǎn)換：
Give h1m an inch， and he'll take a yard. (=lf you give him an inch, he'll take a yard.)
Wear your coat，or you'll catch cold.(If you don't wear your coat，you'll catch cold.) 七. 感嘆句
1. What +(a/an)+adj. + n.+ 主謂
What a beautiful day it is!
What wonderful weather we are having!
1) What之后是否用a/an要看后面的名詞是否可數(shù);是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)：
What beautiful music the boy is playing!(music不可數(shù)，前面不可加a/an.) What fools they were!(fools，復(fù)數(shù)，不可加a/an) What a beautiful day!
What fools!
How hard you've been working! How time flies!
2) 在上下文清楚的情況下，感嘆句中的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)甚至形容詞都可省略。如： 2. How + adj./adv. + 主謂!
How happy we are!
How也可修飾句中動(dòng)詞，如： How I miss you，my friend! 3. How+adj.+ a/an +單數(shù)名詞„：
How foolish a boy he is!(= What a foolish boy he is!)
高中英語語法總結(jié)范文精選三：非謂語動(dòng)詞用法比較
一、不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)的比較
不定式和動(dòng)名詞在作主語時(shí)常?？梢曰Q： Crying/To cry will not help you out of difficulty 但是要注意以下的幾點(diǎn)：
1. 動(dòng)名詞作主語通常表示抽象動(dòng)作，而不定式作主語通常表示抽象動(dòng)作，而不定式做主
語通常表示具體動(dòng)作。試比較：
Living in Beijing must be wonderful.(泛指行為)
He realized that to live with her any longer was wrong (具體行為) 2. 當(dāng)主語被否定時(shí)，通常用不定式：
Not to have hope is the poorest of all conditions
3. 在It is important/necessary…的結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語只能用不定式，不用動(dòng)名詞：
It is important to grasp the spirit of a foreign language in order to use it feely. It became necessary to build new factories for products never before produced 4. 在It takes+時(shí)間等+。¨的結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語常用不定式：
How much cloth will it take to make a shirt?
5. 在There is no … 和It is no good …結(jié)構(gòu)中，通常用動(dòng)名詞 二、不定式與動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)的比較
不定式和動(dòng)名詞在作表語時(shí)常?？梢曰Q： His job is bringing/to bring milk every day
但是，當(dāng)不定式作主語時(shí)，表語用不定式;動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，表語也用動(dòng)名詞。
To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.
此外，還應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn)：
1. 主語是it，this，that等指示代詞時(shí)，表語通常用動(dòng)名詞：
That was playing with fire.
2. 主語是名詞時(shí)，表語較短時(shí)通常用動(dòng)名詞，表語較長時(shí)通常用不定式：
My favorite sport is swimming.
What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the sand
三、不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)的比較
1. 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語意義區(qū)別不大的動(dòng)詞常見的有：begin，start，continue，love，
like，propose等：
Almost all the boys like to play/playing football . 但以上的動(dòng)詞中有一部分在下列情況下通常用不定式作賓語：
1) 在would like/love/hate等的后面：
I'd like(love)to have a drink.
I'm starting to talk about it.
3) 當(dāng)begin后接某些感覺或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)：
She began to see what he meant.
2. 接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，意義不同的動(dòng)詞或詞組常見的有：
1) remember/forget/regret+doing或to do sth
I must remember to ask him (指記住要做的事)
I shall always remember seeing the famous scientist (指記住己經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事) Don’t forget to bring your dictionary.(不要忘記要做的事)
I will never forget meeting you here (不會(huì)忘記曾發(fā)生過的事)
I regret telling you so much (懊悔己經(jīng)作過的事=I'm sorry told you so much。)
I regret to tell you that you have failed your exam(regret發(fā)生在to tell之前，=I’m sorry
to tell you…)
可見，上述用法中，動(dòng)名詞指己經(jīng)發(fā)生的事，不定式指發(fā)生在renumber, forget或
regret以后的事。要注意：可以用動(dòng)名詞的完成式替代一般式;通常不用*I forgot
doing it 而說：I forgot that I had done it 或I forgot about doing it.
2) stop/go on/leave of+doing或to do sth.
They stopped smoking (停止吸煙) They stopped to smoke (停下所做的事，開始吸煙) He went on reading (繼續(xù)讀) He went on to read.(放下原來做的事，轉(zhuǎn)而讀書) He left off playing tennis (停止打網(wǎng)球) They left off to play tennis (離開某處去打網(wǎng)球) 以上stop，leave off或go on后面的不定式都不是其賓語，而是作目的狀語。 3) try+to do或doing sth. He'll try to finish the work as soon as possible.
Please try putting some more salt- that might make it taste a bit better.
try to do sth.中，try是不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“沒法、努力、盡力”，to do sth作目的
狀語;try doing sth中，try是及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“嘗試、試一試”，看會(huì)發(fā)生什么情
2) 當(dāng)這部分動(dòng)詞是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)：
況，動(dòng)名詞作賓語。
4) mean+to do/doing sth.
接不定式時(shí)，意思是“有„的意圖、打算。
I meant to telephone you last Friday but I didn’t have time to.
接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意為“意味著”，“就是„
This kind of illness means going to hospital.
接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，此處也能用不定式的被動(dòng)形式代換，但用動(dòng)名詞較為常見：
The room wants repairing ( = to be repaired)
The radio needs fixing ( = to be fixed)
6) be afraid+to do sth。或of doing sth.
接帶to的不定式時(shí)，意為“不敢”做某事，“害怕”做某事： She was afraid to see you again.
接“of+動(dòng)名詞”時(shí)，意為“擔(dān)心”或“害怕”發(fā)生某種情況： 5) need/want/require+doing(=to be done)。
I'm afraid of making mistakes when I speak English.
7) be interested+to do sth。/in doing sth。
My sister is interested in becoming a doctor.
(指她想當(dāng)醫(yī)生，動(dòng)名詞表示將要發(fā)生的事。)
My sister is interested to be a doctor。
(指她當(dāng)醫(yī)生后感到有意思，不定式表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事。)
3. 除了一部分既可接不定式、也可按動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞外，還有一部分動(dòng)詞后面只能接
不定式作賓語;另有一部分動(dòng)詞和成語后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。關(guān)于這兩點(diǎn)可以參看前面講到的不定式和動(dòng)名詞條款。
四、to be done，being done或done(作定語)
不定式被動(dòng)式、現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式與過去分詞作定語時(shí)，存在時(shí)間關(guān)系上的區(qū)別。例如： The power station to be built next year will be of great benefit to the industry and agriculture of our Province.(to be built指將來 =which will be bui1t)
The power station being built now will be one of the largest in Asia.(being built=which is being built.
The power station built on the river last year has been left to our management.(built on the river指己完成 = which was bui1t on the river )
五、不定式和分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的比較
1. 在see，hear，find等一類表示感覺的動(dòng)詞后：
1) 不帶to不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，并強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作
發(fā)生的全過程或事實(shí)： We saw the computer operate well 2) 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行： We saw the computer operating very well
3) 過去分詞則往往表示動(dòng)作完成的狀態(tài)：
We found the work of the computer done
2. 表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：consider，declare， find，prove，think，know，believe，discover，imagine，judge，suppose，understand的賓語補(bǔ)足語一般，用 to be：
We found him to be cruel.
You surely can’t consider him to be selfish man.
高中英語語法總結(jié)范文精選四：分詞
一、分詞的基本概念
分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種，主要在句中要起形容詞和副詞的作用。它們可以帶有自己 的賓語、表語、狀語等。
現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在語態(tài)和時(shí)間關(guān)系上:
1. 在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的意思，而及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)的意思： the moving body(運(yùn)動(dòng)著的物體)：the moved body(被移動(dòng)的物體)。
示的動(dòng)作和句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎是同時(shí)發(fā)生的;而過去分詞表示已完成的動(dòng)作或己存在的狀態(tài)，即它所表示的動(dòng)作一般先于句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作：
I saw someone opening the door.
I saw the door opened.
二、分詞作定語
分詞或分詞短語作定語，通常是說明句子中名詞的，但有時(shí)也說明代詞one(ones)，that (those)，some，others，anything，something等：
The girl in the next room is his sister.
Today's computers are of much greater difference those used in the past(說明those)
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語
1) 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句時(shí)常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))：
The man standing(=Who is standing)at the door is our new maths teacher.
2) 表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在(或當(dāng)時(shí))的狀態(tài)(變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句時(shí)常用一般時(shí)態(tài))：
They visited the museum lying(=which lies)nearby .
語。例如：
People wishing (= who wished)to see the film star had waited two hours outside the
cinema.
4) 除以上情況外，用定語從句比用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語更好。例如：
The students who had attended the lecture were discussing it.
2. 過去分詞短語作定語
1) 意指過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作是在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生：
Is this book written by the young man? A letter posted this morning will probably reach her tomorrow.
3) 動(dòng)詞wish，want，hope，know，think，believe，expect的現(xiàn)在分詞短語?？捎米鞫?. 在時(shí)間關(guān)系上，一般來說，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作的進(jìn)展過程，即它所表沒有一定的時(shí)間性：
I don't like to see letters written in pencil.
3. 作定語時(shí)的位置
1) 單個(gè)分詞作定語，常置于被說明的詞之前，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作而強(qiáng)調(diào)某種性質(zhì)或特征： The cold wind was blowing through a broken window.
2) 單個(gè)分詞作定語，有時(shí)放在被說明的詞之后，用來強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作：
We have had good harvests for many years running. (我們連續(xù)多年獲得豐收。)
3) 分詞短語作定語時(shí)，通常位于被說明的詞之后
三、分詞作狀語
分詞及分詞短語作狀語，通常用來說明句中謂語動(dòng)詞。其位置可在句首、句子中間或句末，一般用逗號(hào)分開。放在句首的常表示時(shí)間、原因、條件;放在句末的常表示結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況等。
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)該和句子的主語是一致的。
1) 作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)子when等引起的從句：
Seeing those pictures(=When he saw those pictures)，he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days in his hometown.
Having done their homework(=After they had done/did their homework)，they went
swimming in the lake.
如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是完全同時(shí)發(fā)生的，也常用when或while加分詞這種結(jié)構(gòu)： He got to know them while attending a meeting in London.
Being so poor in those days( =As they were so poor)，they couldn't afford to send the
children to school.
Not having received an answer(=As she hadn’t received an answer)，she wrote another
1etter to her parents.
必須注意：being短語作狀語時(shí)，通常表示原因，意為“由于某某是„”，不能理解
為“當(dāng)„的時(shí)候”。
3) 作結(jié)果狀語：
They opened fire，killing one of our villagers.
2. 過去分詞短語作狀語，句中的主語往往是過去分詞的邏輯賓語。
1) 作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語從句：
Seen from the hill (=When it is seen from the hill)，our town looks 1ike a beautiful
garden.
2) 作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示原因的狀語從句：
Born into a poor family(=As he was born in a poor family)，he got only two years of school education.
3) 說明謂語所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況：
Built in 1891， the building is over 100 years Old .
四、分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語
2) 作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示原因的狀語從句：
1. see/hear/watch/notice√smell/feel/observe/listen to/look at+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞： We watched the girl going through some of the movements they had just leaned. At this moment he noticed the teacher coming in.
2. catch/find+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞：
I caught Tom reading my diary and he made an apology to me for it.
We found a tree lying across the road.
3. have/get/keep/leave+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞：
I'll have the car waiting at the gate. Will that be all right?
Do you think you can get the radio working?
4. have+賓語+過去分詞：其中have有三個(gè)不同的含義：
1) “使„被完成”(?？捎胓et代替have)：
I'd like to have (get) my radio repaired
2) “遭受”、 “經(jīng)歷”(不能用get代替)：
He had his watch stolen yesterday.
3) “有、擁有”：
He felt in his pocket to see if he had any money left.
5. make + oneself + known/understood/heard等過去分詞：
He repeated explanations，but he couldn't make himself understood.
6. with+介詞賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞：
They sat in the room with the curtains drawn.
With the tree growing tall，we get more and more shade.
7. like/want/wish/order/+賓語+過去分詞
He won't like such questions discussed in his house.
8. find或think、feel等+賓語+changed/lost/gone/broken/come等過去分詞(說明賓
語所處的狀態(tài))：
We found him greatly changed. When they entered the hall， they found the guests gone. 以上有些結(jié)構(gòu)可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，其補(bǔ)語形式依然不變，起主語補(bǔ)語的作用。
五、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式
其形式為：having done(主動(dòng)形式)，表示這動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前： Having arrived at a decision, they immediately set to work.
六、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式
其形式為：(以do為例)being done(一般式)，having been done(完成式)。
在表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作時(shí)，如果這動(dòng)作是現(xiàn)刻正在進(jìn)行的，或是與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的，常用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式。這種形式可以用來：
1. 作定語：
This is one of the experiments being carried (= which are being carried) on in our lab.
2. 作狀語：
Being asked to sing a song，he couldn't very well refuse.
間或用完成被動(dòng)式：
The decision having been made，the next problem was how to put it into practice. (分詞本身帶邏輯主語the decision而構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)狀語)
3. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語：
You'll find the news being talked about everywhere.
七、不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞沒有被動(dòng)意義，而是表示主動(dòng)的完成的意義：
Gone are the days when we use foreign oil.
(此句是倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)，gone作表語，表示己“一去不復(fù)返了”。)
You can see some fallen leaves at the corner.
這類過去分詞常見的有：fallen，come，gone, risen, grown up，returned等.
象interesting和interested一類的“使役動(dòng)詞”的分詞在意義和用法上很容易混淆，一般可作如下區(qū)分：
1. 一部分表示“情感”，“心情”等意義的動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞有“令人/使人„的”意思，常用
來說明人或事物的特征：
The president made an inspiring speech at the meeting yesterday.
2. 它們的過去分詞有“感到/覺得 „”的意思，用來指人的感覺：
這類容易混淆的分詞常見的有：encouraging — encouraged; exciting— excited;interesting — interested;astonishing — astonished;disappointing — disappointed;inspiring — inspired;puzzling — puzzled;surprising — surprised;shocking — shocked;discouraging — discouraged;pleasing — pleased;tiring - tired;worrying — worried;satisfying — satisfied;moving — moved; 八、容易混淆的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞
高中英語語法總結(jié)范文精選五：動(dòng)名詞
一、動(dòng)名詞作主語
1. 一般置于句首：
Reading English is easier than speaking it.
2. 有時(shí)也可以用it作形式主語，而把動(dòng)名詞放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后。 It will be nice seeing them again.
這類句子結(jié)構(gòu)常見的還有：
1) It’s no use…;It is no use crying over spilt milk.
2) It's no good…;It is no good feeling self——satisfied over your first success. 3) Is it any good…? Is it any good trying to exp1ain? 4) It's a waste of time…;It's a waste of time arguing about it. 3. 動(dòng)名詞還可以在There is no„句子結(jié)構(gòu)中做主語： There is no asking him to come now.He is busy.
這種句子中的動(dòng)名詞常帶有賓語，其句型含義相當(dāng)于It is impossible to do„
二、動(dòng)名詞作表語
連系動(dòng)詞常與動(dòng)名詞連用，一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語：
Our task is building China into a powerfu1 modern socialist country. 1. 作動(dòng)詞賓語：
This factory has stopped producing the old type of engine.
必須接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞常見的有：consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，excuse，finish， give up，cannot help(禁不住)，imagine，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，suggest，
三、動(dòng)名詞作賓語
pardon，stop，allow，permit，forbid，appreciate等。
2. 作介詞賓語：
在介詞后面，常常用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，這樣構(gòu)成的介詞短語常用作定語或狀語 There are several ways of doing it.(定語) After finishing the experiments， we wrote down the results.(狀語) 這樣的介詞短語間或作表語： I am for putting the meeting off.
須接動(dòng)名詞做介詞賓語的成語很多，最常見的有：Insist on, think of dream of hear of
prevent…from, keep…from, stop…from, be engaged in, look forward to，depend on，
thank…for, feel like，excuse…for, aim at, devote…to, set about, spend…(in)，waste…(in),
get/be used to，be fond of be afraid of, be tired of succeed in, be interested in, feel/be ashamed of, be proud of等。
四、動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語：
動(dòng)名詞之前可以加上一個(gè)物主代詞、名詞的所有格、人稱代詞的賓格或名詞的普通格，來表示這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語。
1. 物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞
這種結(jié)構(gòu)可置于句首，也可放在句中或句末，?？捎米髦髡Z、表語、賓語或介詞賓語：
His going there won't do any harm(主語)
Do you think his going there will be of any help? (主語)
What's troubling them is their not having enough food.(表語)
They insisted on my staying there for dinner.(賓語)
2. 名詞的所有格+動(dòng)名詞
其用法與“物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞”相同：
We all thought Tom's going there a great mistake.
3. 人稱代詞賓格+動(dòng)名詞(不能放在句首用作主語)He was angry about me not having to
leave early.
4. 名詞的普通格+動(dòng)名詞(不能放在句首用作主語)
I don't like young people smoking. 其它情況下的動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語形式
1) 如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是無生命的東西，就只能用普通格。
Is there any hope of your factory winning the game?
2) 如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是一個(gè)較長的名詞詞組，也只能用普通格：
Did you ever hear of a man of good sense refusing such an order?
There is no chance of that being settled.
I’m sorry. I have no idea of it being midnight. 3) 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是不定代詞、指示代詞或指時(shí)間的it時(shí)，常用其賓格：
五、動(dòng)名詞的否定式
1. 一般式：not doing(主動(dòng)形式)：not being done(被動(dòng)形式)
2. 完成式：not having done(主動(dòng)形式);not having been done(被動(dòng)形式)
注意：當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞帶有邏輯主語時(shí)，not應(yīng)放在邏輯主語后面。如：his not seeing the film.
六、動(dòng)名詞的完成式
其形式為：(以do為例)having done(主動(dòng)形式);having been done(被動(dòng)形式)。如果動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，常用其完成式： He was praised for having completed thirty years of teach.
但是在forget，remember，regret等動(dòng)詞和apologize for，excuse…for，thank…for等成語后， 經(jīng)?？捎脛?dòng)名詞的一般式來代替其完成式： I remember posting (=having posted) the letter.
Excuse me for coming (=having come) late 七、動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式
其形式為：(以do為例)being done(一般式);having been done(完成式)
當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的對(duì)象;當(dāng)句中的主語邏輯上是動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞一般要用被動(dòng)式(多數(shù)情況下用一般被動(dòng)式代替完成被動(dòng)式)： They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers. This question is far from being settled.