初中英語必考時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)
初中英語必考時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)
時(shí)態(tài)是在英語學(xué)習(xí)中至關(guān)重要的一個(gè)內(nèi)容，為了幫助初中的學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)，小編為大家總結(jié)了初中階段學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)態(tài)。希望能對(duì)大家有所幫助!
初中英語必考時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
過去將來時(shí)
1. 概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。
2. 時(shí)間狀語：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.
3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①was/were/going to + do;②would + do.
否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would + not + do.
一般疑問句：①was或were放于句首;②would 提到句首。
4. 用法
1) “would+動(dòng)詞原形”常表示主觀意愿的將來。例如：
He said he would come to see me.
他說他要來看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing.
他告訴我他將去北京。
2) “was/ were+going to+動(dòng)詞原形”常表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。例如：
She said she was going to start off at once.
她說她將立即出發(fā)。
I was told that he was going to return home.
有人告訴我他準(zhǔn)備回家。
此結(jié)構(gòu)還可表示根據(jù)某種跡象來看，很可能或即將發(fā)生的事情。例如：
It seemed as if it was going to rain.
看來好像要下雨。
3) come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來的含義。例如：
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
他說火車將于第二天早晨六點(diǎn)離開。
She told me she was coming to see me.
她告訴我她要來看我。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1. 概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2. 時(shí)間狀語：recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years, etc.
3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done
否定形式：have/has + not +done.
一般疑問句：have或has。
4. since的三種用法
1) since +過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。
例如：I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在這兒。
2) since +一段時(shí)間+ ago。
例如：I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒，已經(jīng)有五個(gè)月了。
3) since +從句(一般過去時(shí))。
例如：Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，變化可大了。
比較since和for
since 用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度。
例如：I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
注意：并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)
過去完成時(shí)
1. 概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。
2. 時(shí)間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.
3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done.
一般疑問句：had放于句首。
4. 用法
1) 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句種。
例如：She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
2) 在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。
例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缇团芰恕?/p>
3) 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"。
例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時(shí)我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。
注意： had hardly… when... 剛......就......。
例如：I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。
例如：He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車，轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。
初中英語必考時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題
1. The sun ________ in the east.
A. is always rising B. always is rising C. rises always D. always rises
2. He often ________ his clothes on Sundays.
A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash
3. I’m Japanese. Where ________ from?
A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming
4. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness.
A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved
5. ________ at a higher temperature than water?
A. Has milk boiled B. Is milk boiling C. Does milk boil D. Was milk boiling
6. He signed to us with his hand, “The lesson is over. You ________.”
A. dismissed B. are dismissed C. have dismissed D. were dismissed
7. I haven’t met him for ages, but his mother ________ him sometimes.
A. had still seen B. still sees C. has still seen D. still saw
8. We will start as soon as our team leader________ .
A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming
9. I think Jack ________ the answer.
A. has known B. does know C. is knowing D. knows
10. My father ________ George quite well; they were introduced at a party.
A. is knowing B. was knowing C. knows D. had been knowing
11. Where ________ ?
A. Mary works B. works Mary C. does Mary works D. does Mary work
12. I think this question ________ to answer.
A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. Both A and B
13. ________ oil or butter when you cook it ?
A. Do you use B. Did you use C. Were you using D. Have you used
14. I ________ some newspaper at seven yesterday evening.
A. am reading B. read C. was reading D. will read
15. Now he ________ a book about New York. I don’t think he will finish it.
A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. is writing
16. Zhang Hua does a lot of housework every evening, but now he ________ his schoolmates with their lessons.
A. help B. is helping C. helps D. has helped
17. Mother washes the girl’s hair. Look, she ________ .
A. is washing it now B. washes it
C. is washing them now D. washes them now
18. He usually listens to the radio, but at the present moment he ________ television.
A. watches B. is watching C. has watched D. had watched
19. How long ago ________ playing with soldiers?
A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop
20. Look at John! What _______ ?
A. does he B. he is doing C. is he doing D. does he do
21. It ________ hard when I left my house.
A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain
22.The railway ________ in three years.
A. is complete B. will completed C. has completed D. will be completed
23. Don’t talk so loudly. Your father ________ .
A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept
24. ----- What are you doing under the table?
----- I ________ to find my pen.
A. tried B. had tried C. try D. am trying
25. Jane and Tom ________ the door.
A. are walking at B. walk at C. walks to D. are walking to
26. How many people does the doctor know ________ of the disease?
A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies
27. He ________ thin.
A. was getting B. is getting C. will getting D. had been got
28. Our team ________ every match so far this year, but we still have three games to play.
A. was winning B. has won C. had won D. wins
29. I shall tell you what he ____at three o’clock yesterday afternoon.
A. has done B. has been done C. had been doing D. was doing
30. I ________ my homework now.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished
31. I ________ this coat for very long. It still looks quite new.
A. wasn’t having B. haven’t had C. hadn’t D. haven’t been having
32. ________ reading the book yet?
A. Have you finished B. Were you finishing
C. Had you finished D. Are you finishing
33. The evening party ________ .You are a little late.
A. just began B. just has begun C. has just begun D. has begun just now
34. The dog is still wet. It ________ out of the rain.
A. only just comes B. has only just coming
C. was only just come D. has only just come
35. Where did you study before you ________ to this middle school?
A. come B. came C. are coming D. will come
36. He ________ home for nearly three weeks.
A. has gone away from B. has left C. has been away from D. went away from
37. ----- Did your brother go toAmericalast year? ----- ________ .
A. No, he has never go there B. No, he has never gone here
C. No, he never was there D. No, he’s never been there
38. My uncle ________ in that factory since 1958.
A. worked B. had worked C. is working D. has worked
39. I ________ her since she was a little girl.
A. knew B. know C. had known D. have known
40. He ________ for three years.
A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army
41. His grandfather ________ for thirty years.
A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died
42. I ________ a college student for more than a year.
A. became B. have become C. was D. have been
43. I ________ this radio for two years.
A. used B. use C. have used D. am used
44. I ________ from my brother for a long time.
A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear
45. Since you don’t want to go, I ________ alone.
A. will go B. go C. went D. have gone
46. He________ his watch. Have you seen it anywhere?
A. lost B. lose C. has lost D. had lost
47. I ________ the exhibition on the life and work of Lenin.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. am seeing
48. When I was a little boy my father ________ me the earth is round.
A. tells B. has told C. had told D. told
49. You ________ your homework..
A. haven’t done B. have doing C. have not doing D. not done
50. Our teacher ________ to Beijing three times.
A. went B. had done C. has gone D. has been
初中英語語法學(xué)習(xí)方法
1.在理解的基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)習(xí)
學(xué)習(xí)語法要真正理解，不要死記硬背條條框框。例如家長在輔導(dǎo)孩子英語時(shí)，也許會(huì)特別強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞在句子中的不同成分。很多孩子就死記硬背：分詞可以作定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、表語;動(dòng)名詞可作定語、主語、賓語、表語。即使這樣也經(jīng)常記混淆。其詞能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謩?dòng)名詞基本都能充當(dāng)。這樣也便于理解為什么動(dòng)名詞能充當(dāng)主語和賓語，而分詞則不能。理解語法并不是要對(duì)語法規(guī)則刨根到底。有的孩子問：為什么英語有那么多時(shí)態(tài)，而漢語沒有?每種語言都有它自己的規(guī)則。漢語不是沒有時(shí)態(tài)，只是時(shí)態(tài)的表現(xiàn)形式不像英語那么明顯。
2.積極主動(dòng)歸納、總結(jié)語法規(guī)則
孩子在學(xué)習(xí)過程中要善于主動(dòng)觀察、歸納、總結(jié)語法規(guī)則，不能完全依靠家長、老師的講解。研究表明，孩子自己歸納總結(jié)的語法規(guī)則比從書本上學(xué)來的記得更好。在孩子一道題或給予詳細(xì)講解后，應(yīng)該讓孩子嘗試著自己總結(jié)規(guī)律。同樣的情況在怎樣的場合使用?有沒有例外?實(shí)踐表明，能自己總結(jié)語法規(guī)律的孩子，更能對(duì)語法進(jìn)行靈活運(yùn)用，且在閱讀中也便顯出反應(yīng)迅速準(zhǔn)確的良好狀態(tài)。另外，有的語法書里講的規(guī)則有時(shí)過于簡單甚至不準(zhǔn)確。比如很多語法書里，關(guān)于字母。結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則是：一般加8226;s;有些加-es。那么到底哪些加—s哪些加-es呢?孩子又只能死記硬背。其實(shí)，多數(shù)單詞加-es，比如heroes，tomatoes，potatoes，tornadoes，volcanoes，torpedoes等;少數(shù)單詞加8226;s，而且加—s的詞多為較長單詞的縮寫。比如：photographs—photos;kilograms—kilos;hippopotamus—hippos等。而radio本身就是幾個(gè)單詞的縮寫，其復(fù)數(shù)形式當(dāng)然是radios。如果孩子能夠在學(xué)習(xí)中發(fā)現(xiàn)類似的規(guī)律，則可以大大減少死記硬背的負(fù)擔(dān)。
3.要善于從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)
英語學(xué)習(xí)中出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤是不可避免的，孩子在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，一方面不要怕犯錯(cuò)誤，要大膽地使用英語;另一方面，要注意糾正錯(cuò)誤，從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤和糾正錯(cuò)誤是做英語練習(xí)的目的之一。對(duì)于老師、家長批改過的作業(yè)，一定要仔細(xì)看。對(duì)批改還不明白的，一定要向家長或同學(xué)請(qǐng)教。在口頭交際中，不能完全不顧語法，也不能因?yàn)榕路刚Z法錯(cuò)誤而不敢開口。完全不顧語法，可能會(huì)使語法錯(cuò)誤形成習(xí)慣，以后想改也改不過來。而因?yàn)榕路稿e(cuò)誤而不敢開口或在表達(dá)中過多地進(jìn)行自我糾正會(huì)影響交際的順利進(jìn)行，也可能因此失去很多交際的機(jī)會(huì)。研究表明，在口頭表達(dá)中，適度地監(jiān)控語法的正確性和準(zhǔn)確性最有利于孩子提高口語能力。
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