初二英語語法重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)歸納
學(xué)想要好英語，最主要就是學(xué)好語法，那么初二英語語法重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)有哪些?下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編分享給大家的初二英語語法重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)，希望大家喜歡!
初二英語賓語從句重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)
定義：用一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)賓語的叫賓語從句。賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。常見的賓語從句有以下三種。
1.由that引導(dǎo)，由于that沒有任何意義，也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分。因此that在非正式文體中可以省略。這類賓語從句通常表達(dá)一種陳述意義。
e.g.He told me (that) he would go to Wuhan.
Tom says (that) he must study hard.
She told me (that) she was a student.
(1)如果由and連接兩個(gè)并列的賓語從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)that則不能省略。
e.g.She said she liked English very much and that she didn’t like math at all.
(2)常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的謂語動詞有：believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。
2.由連接代詞或連接副詞who, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)，含有“誰、什么、哪個(gè)、什么時(shí)候、什么地方、怎樣、為什么”等特殊疑問意義。
e.g.Do you know who they’re talking about?
Can you tell me what they’re looking for?
I don’t know where she has gone.
I wonder how she can find us.
She didn’t tell me where her hometown was.
3.由從屬連詞whether和if引導(dǎo)，含有“是否，能否，對否，有否”等一般疑問意義。
e.g.She asked me if I could help her.
Jim wanted to know whether I had taken his English book.
Please tell me whether you can come or not.
在這類賓語從句中要注意兩點(diǎn)：
(1)if引導(dǎo)賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別
if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)意為“是否”，從句中該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就應(yīng)用什么時(shí)態(tài)。
if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí)意為“假如”，從句中應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。
e.g.She wanted to know if you were a teacher.
I don’t know if the letter is yours.
They’ll go boating if it is fine tomorrow.
I’ll give it to her if she comes next week.
(2)if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)多數(shù)情況下可以與whether互換，但如果要突出“究竟是……還是不……”這層意思時(shí)，通常用whether，并在后面的加上“or not”，即一般要選擇whether構(gòu)成whether…or not的結(jié)構(gòu)。
e.g.Please find out whether the money is his or not.
Let me know whether you can come or not.
I want to know whether you can help me or not.
注意：
1.賓語從句的語序問題
以上介紹了三種賓語從句，同學(xué)們一定要注意，在疑問詞或if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，一定要用陳述句語序。
e.g.She asked how old I was.
We don’t know where her office is.
My teacher wanted to know if I like English.
2.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)問題
一般情況下賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)必須和主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致：
當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，賓語從句中的謂語動詞不受時(shí)態(tài)限制。
e.g.She says that she is a student.
She says that she was a student two years ago.
She says that she will be a college student soon.
She says that she has been a college student for 3 years.
當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是過去時(shí)時(shí)，賓語從句中只能用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。
e.g.He told me that he would leave soon.
He said that he was watching TV.
He didn’t tell me whether he had finished this homework.
但如果賓語從句中講述的客觀事實(shí)、一般真理或自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，則不受它限制。
e.g.My teacher told us that Yangtze River is the longest river in our country.
Father said (that) the sun always rises in the east.
初二英語狀語從句重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)
狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)分別列舉如下：
1.時(shí)間狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until, whenever
e.g.Don’t come in until you are called.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
I called my mother as soon as I reached Shanghai.
I have been an English teacher since I came to the school.
2.地點(diǎn)狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：where, wherever
e.g.Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3.原因狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, for
e.g.I didn’t go surfing because it was too cold.
As the car was expensive, we didn’t buy it.
Since he was busy, he didn’t come.
4.目的狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that
e.g.You should talk to him so that/in order that you can say you are sorry.
5.結(jié)果狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：so…that, such…that
e.g.He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
6.條件狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless, as long as
e.g.We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
注意：在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表一般將來時(shí)間。
e.g.—When will Lisa come back?
—Sorry I don’t know. When she comes back, I will call you.
If you go to the party, you’ll have a good time.
Unless it rains tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.
7.讓步狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though
e.g.Although the traffic was heavy, we got to the railway station on time.
Even though he is 80, he still looks strong and healthy.
8、比較狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級比較), than(兩者之間不同程度的比較)
e.g.She is as hard-working as her Lucy.
John swims better than Jim (does).
9.方式狀語從句
常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if
e.g.When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
初二英語語法易錯重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)
一.動詞be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟著他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。還有一條須注意，句首大寫莫忘記。
二.this，that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代詞，it是人稱代詞。
(2)距離說話人近的人或物用this, 距離說話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用that。如：
This is a flower. 這是一朵花。(近處)
That is a tree. 那是一棵樹。(遠(yuǎn)處)
(3)放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西，先說this, 后說that。如：
This is a pen. That is a pencil. 這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。
(4)向別人介紹某人時(shí)說This is…, 不說That is…。如：
This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 這是海倫，海倫，這是湯姆。
(5)This is 不能縮寫, 而That is可以縮寫。如：
This is a bike. That’s a car. 這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。
(6)打電話時(shí)，介紹自己用this, 詢問對方用that。如：
—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐嗎?
—Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是誰?
注意：雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”，但英語中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說：I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時(shí), 要用it代替this或that。如：
①—Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎?
—Yes, it is. 是的，它是。
?、?mdash;What’s that? 那是什么?
—It’s a kite. 是只風(fēng)箏。
三.these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代詞，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。
?、賂his is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。
②These pictures are good. 那些畫很好。
?、?Are those apple trees? 那些是蘋果樹嗎?
在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時(shí)，通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。如：
?、蹵re these/those your apples? 這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎?
Yes, they are. 是的，他們是。
四.不定冠詞a和an
a和an都是不定冠詞，表示一(個(gè)，支，本，塊……)的意思，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量概念，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)類別，用來限定名詞。a用在輔音素開頭的單數(shù)名詞前，如：a pencil(一支鉛筆)，a book(一本書);an用在元音音素開頭的名詞前，如an eraser(一塊橡皮)。如果名詞前有修飾語，用a還是用an，則以該修飾語的第一音素決定用a還是用an。如：
a clock 一座鐘 an old clock 一座舊鐘 a book 一本書 an English book 一本英語書
a nice apple 一個(gè)可愛的蘋果 an apple 一個(gè)蘋果
五.名詞+’s所有格
名詞+’s所有格
單數(shù)名詞后直接加 “ ’s ”
Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的媽媽
以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加“’”
Teachers’ Day教師節(jié) the twins’ books雙胞胎的書
不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù)，加“ ’s ”
Children’s Day 兒童節(jié) men’s shoes男式鞋
表示兩者共同擁有時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s
表示兩者各自擁有時(shí)，要在每個(gè)名詞后加’s
Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽，一個(gè)媽媽)
Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凱特的房間(各自的房間，兩間房子)
六.There be句型
(1)There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)。”其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某時(shí))”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義;主語是be后面的名詞， be是謂語動詞，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記there be句型結(jié)構(gòu)：
There be放句首，主語跟在后。地、時(shí)放句末，強(qiáng)調(diào)置前頭。如：
There is a book on the desk.
有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)，也可把介詞短語放在句首。如：
On the desk there is a book.
(2)There be句型中的be動詞如何確定呢?請先看看下面這首歌訣：
Be動詞，有三個(gè)，am，is還有are。“There be”真特別，不留am只留倆，那就是is還有are。要用is還是are，須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is，否則就用are。如：
?、賂here is a tree behind the house.
?、赥here is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).
?、跿here are some pears in the box.
(3)注意：如果“be”后的主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞，那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說，“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is，是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如：
①There is a book and some pens on the floor.
?、赥here are some pens and a book on the floor.
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初二英語語法重點(diǎn)知識點(diǎn)歸納
