托?？谡Z(yǔ)備考練英音還是美音?先弄清楚兩者差別再?zèng)Q定
托?？谡Z(yǔ)備考是否可以練習(xí)英音?按照官方的要求來(lái)看，口音對(duì)成績(jī)沒(méi)有影響，只要練好即可。那大家在備考中應(yīng)該選擇哪種口音來(lái)練習(xí)呢?建議大家先了解兩種發(fā)音的區(qū)別。
托福口語(yǔ)備考練英音還是美音?先弄清楚兩者差別再?zèng)Q定
1.在ask, can't, dance, fast, half, path 這一類(lèi)的單詞中，英國(guó)人將字母a 讀作[a:]，而美國(guó)人則讀作[?]，所以這些詞在美國(guó)人口中就成了[?sk][k?nt][d?ns][f?st][h?f]和[p??]。
2.在box, crop, hot, ironic, polish, spot這一類(lèi)單詞中，英國(guó)人將字母o讀作[)],而美國(guó)人則將o讀作近似[a:]音的[a]。所以這些詞在美國(guó)人讀起來(lái)就成了[baks][krap][hat][ai'ranik][paliJ] 和[spat]。
3.輔音字母r在單詞中是否讀音是英語(yǔ)與美語(yǔ)的又一明顯差異。在英語(yǔ)的r音節(jié)中不含卷舌音[r]，而美語(yǔ)的r音節(jié)中含卷舌音[r]，如下列詞在英語(yǔ)和美語(yǔ)中讀音是不同的：
英語(yǔ)讀音 美語(yǔ)讀音
car [ka:] [kar]
door [d):] [dor]
river [‘riv2] [‘riv2r]
party [‘pa:ti] [‘parti]
board [b):d] [bord]
dirty [‘d2ti] [‘d2rti]
morning [‘m):ni9] [‘morni9]
英語(yǔ)中只有在far away, for ever, far and wide等連讀情況下，字母r才明顯的讀作卷舌音[r]: [fa:r2‘wei][f2‘rev2][far2ndwaid]。
4.在以-ary或-ory結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)詞中，英國(guó)人通常將a或o弱讀，而美國(guó)人不僅不弱讀，還要將a或o所在的音節(jié)加上次重音，所以這些詞在英語(yǔ)和美語(yǔ)中不僅讀音有差異，節(jié)奏也顯然不同，例如：
英語(yǔ)讀音 美語(yǔ)讀音
dictionary [‘dikJ2n2ri] [‘dikJ2nori]
laboratory [le‘b):r2tri] [‘l?br2,tori]
necessarily [‘nesis2rili] [,nesi‘serili]
preparatory [pri‘p?r2t2ri] [pri‘p?r2,tori]
secretary [‘sekr2tri] [‘sekr2,tori]
5.在以-ile結(jié)尾的另一類(lèi)單詞中，英國(guó)人將尾音節(jié)中的字母i讀作長(zhǎng)音[ai];而美國(guó)人則弱讀作[2]，例如：
英語(yǔ)讀音 美語(yǔ)讀音
docile [‘dousail] [‘das2l]
fertile [‘f2tail] [‘f2rtl]
fragile [‘fr?d3ail] [‘fr?d32l]
hostile [‘hostail] [‘hastl]
missile [‘misail] [‘mis2l]
除此之外，另有一些難于歸類(lèi)的單詞在英語(yǔ)和美語(yǔ)中讀音也各有不同：
英語(yǔ)讀音 美語(yǔ)讀音
clerk [kla:k] [kl2rk]
either [‘a(chǎn)i92] [‘i:92r]
figure [‘fig2] [‘figj2r]
issue [‘isju:] [‘iJu:]
leisure [‘le32] [‘li:32r]
neither [‘nai92] [‘ni:92r]
schedule [‘Jedju:l] [‘sked32l]
元音：
英語(yǔ)和美語(yǔ)的發(fā)音最大的區(qū)別之一在它們對(duì)渾元音(schwa，音標(biāo)中的倒寫(xiě)e，)的處理。英語(yǔ)中，渾元音在單元音中常通發(fā)生在一些非重讀的短音a (如 about)和短音er(如computer)上。美語(yǔ)中的er很少為渾元音，并有時(shí)對(duì)短音i(如sentimental,actuality)和u(如 wuss)，甚至短音的oo(如：hooker)采用了渾元音。(這四個(gè)例子在英語(yǔ)中的發(fā)音分別為, [i], [u:], [u])渾元音的讀音是不定的，但是聽(tīng)起來(lái)差不多像一個(gè)急促的介于“俄”和“啊”的發(fā)音。
英語(yǔ)和美語(yǔ)的發(fā)音最具代表性的區(qū)別是對(duì)er的發(fā)音的不同。英語(yǔ)中，短音的er是如上所述的渾元音，但長(zhǎng)音的er也不過(guò)是個(gè)拉長(zhǎng)了的渾元音，聽(tīng)起來(lái)是一個(gè)很夸張的介于“俄”和“啊”的聲音。而美語(yǔ)中，er聽(tīng)起來(lái)怎么都是個(gè)“兒”音(例外是一些俗語(yǔ)中發(fā)成渾元音)。
ar：除了輕讀短音(如singular)和者后連元音(如clarity)，英語(yǔ)的ar全部清一色的長(zhǎng)音[a:]，而美語(yǔ)中，是“阿爾”。事實(shí)上，凡是有r在一個(gè)音節(jié)尾部的時(shí)候，美英發(fā)音通常都是不一樣的，如tour(英：吐啊，美：吐兒)，tear(英：踢啊，美：踢兒)，pair(英：pe 啊，美： pe兒)。甚至在剛才提到的clarity中，英語(yǔ)['kleriti],美語(yǔ)['kle兒r(er)ti]
托福獨(dú)立口語(yǔ)范文:領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與員工的友誼
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: a boss or a manager should not form close friendship with their employees.
托福口語(yǔ)范文:
Sample answer:
Well, I agree with the statement. Because managers who try to be friends with their staff run into all sorts of problems. A manager’s job is to evaluate staff’s work, give them feedback and make decisions. If the boss makes friends with an employee. Others will think the employee has an unfair advantage at performance review time, thus resentment will start to build up. What’s more, when it comes time for promotions, the employee may have an expectation that as a friend, the boss will promote him or her. While the boss should choose the best person for the job, not a friend. This could create tension in and out of the workplace.
托福獨(dú)立口語(yǔ)范文:處理朋友矛盾
Describe the best way for you to deal with disagreement with your friend.
托?？谡Z(yǔ)范文:
No matter how close two friends are, there is a chance to have a disagreement on some issues. I believe the best way to solve the problem is to have a direct communication with each other. For me, when I have different ideas with my best friend Alisa like where to have dinner, which movie to watch, or maybe just a math problem. I would choose to ask her reasons beyond her opinion. If she had sufficient reasons to support her idea I would forget my opinion and follow her suggestion. If not, I would insist mine. Without a timely communication, the misunderstanding can lead to further disagreement, and that will finally ruin our friendship.
托福獨(dú)立口語(yǔ)范文:選擇專(zhuān)業(yè)的時(shí)間
Which do you think is better? Deciding on your major before entering college or after taking some courses?
托?？谡Z(yǔ)范文:
I think college students should choose their majors after finishing some courses. First, most senior high students are quite confused about their career perspectives after they graduate from high school. Few of them know what their real interests are since what they leant in the high school are quite basic. However, after taking some courses in the first year in the college, they get to know what they are passionate about. On the other hand, if the freshmen just rush into some areas that they are not good at, they will definitely regret and it’s a waste of time to switch major halfway.
托?？谡Z(yǔ)備考練英音還是美音?先弄清楚兩者差別再?zèng)Q定相關(guān)文章：
托?？谡Z(yǔ)備考練英音還是美音?先弄清楚兩者差別再?zèng)Q定
