【寫作資料】托福寫作高分必備6類花樣句型
在托福寫作考試中,有很多可以為我們加分的地方,可以是新鮮的詞匯,可以是優(yōu)秀的句子,也可以是你的內(nèi)容,今天我們一起來看看有哪些必備的高分句型。
【寫作資料】托福寫作高分必備6類句型
表示原因
1. There are three reasons for this.
2. The reasons for this are as follows.
3. The reason for this is obvious.
4. The reason for this is not far to seek.
5. The reason for this is that...
6. We have good reason to believe that...
例如:
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
注:如考生寫第一個句子沒有把握,可將其改寫成兩個句子。如:Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this. 這樣寫可以避免套用中的表達(dá)失誤。
表示好處
1. It has the following advantages.
2. It does us a lot of good.
3. It benefits us quite a lot.
4. It is beneficial to us.
5. It is of great benefit to us.
例如:
Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us.
表示壞處
1. It has more disadvantages than advantages.
2. It does us much harm.
3. It is harmful to us.
例如:
However,everything divides into two. Television can also be harmful to us. It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.
經(jīng)典托福寫作句式四、表示重要、必要、 困難、方便、可能
1. It is important(necessary, difficult, convenient, possible. for sb. to do sth.
2. We think it necessary to do sth.
3. It plays an important role in our life.
例如:
Computers are now being used everywhere, whether in the government, in schools or in business. Soon, computers will be found in every home, too. We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.
表示措施
1. We should take some effective measures.
2. We should try our best to overcome (conquer. the difficulties.
3. We should do our utmost in doing sth.
4. We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced. with.
例如:
The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, we must take some effective measures to solve it.
表示變化
1. Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
2. A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.
3. The computer has brought about many changes in education.
例如:
Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years. The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek. Nowadays, more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein, and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.
表示事實. 現(xiàn)狀
1. We cannot ignore the fact that...
2. No one can deny the fact that...
3. There is no denying the fact that...
4. This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
5. However, that’s not the case.
例如:
We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution. To solve these problems, we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution. The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.
托福獨立寫作--一鍵搞定主旨句
第一,主旨句要寫得簡短,不寫長句。這是因為主旨句是對整段大意的概括,言簡意賅,要求達(dá)到的目的是,當(dāng)考官讀完你的主旨句他就會了解你這段要寫什么。所以說在這個領(lǐng)域,短句要比長句效果更好,最多出現(xiàn)一個從句,盡量不要出現(xiàn)復(fù)雜句。
第二,要體現(xiàn)題目當(dāng)中的關(guān)鍵詞。主旨句是概括本段的大意,那我們在寫的時候盡量把主旨句和整篇文章的題目做一下關(guān)聯(lián),而最好的關(guān)聯(lián)方式呢,就是你重復(fù)一下題目當(dāng)中所出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞,告訴考官“我沒有跑題,我就是按照題目的要求寫的?!?。
第三,主旨句要表達(dá)出一個基本的邏輯。這個說法有點空洞不好解釋,我來給大家舉個例子。假使你的題目是“同不同意老師每天布置作業(yè)”,假設(shè)我要同意老師每天都布置作業(yè),我是不是要找到每天布置作業(yè)的好處啊?所以說呢,那主旨句的基本邏輯就是這樣的,每天布置作業(yè)對學(xué)生來講有好處一,每天來講布置作業(yè)對學(xué)生有好處二。所以說,這就構(gòu)成了一個基本的邏輯。我要寫清楚,為什么對學(xué)生有好處一,好處一是什么。為什么對老師有好處二,好處二是什么,這就是一個基本的邏輯。讓考官能非常清楚的(明白)你這一段要展開的基本思路。
接下來我們用兩類題目來給大家講一講,主旨句寫作的時候有沒有什么固定的句型可以使用。
從大的方面來講呢,托福獨立寫作分為兩大類話題,一類叫利弊類,一類叫原因類。
利弊類主旨句寫法
什么是利弊類呢,就是通過找好處壞處能回答這個問題。比如說這個題目:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Students doing reading by their own personality is as important as, or more important than reading assigned by teachers.
學(xué)生按照自己的個性去選擇閱讀材料比老師布置閱讀材料更重要。假設(shè)我選擇不同意,我的觀點是,老師布置的閱讀更好,那是不是我要找到老師布置閱讀的基本好處啊?所以說,這就叫做利弊類的話題。
回憶一下我們剛才說的,題目當(dāng)中,主旨句要簡短,要體現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞,也要體現(xiàn)基本邏輯。剛才我們把基本邏輯梳理了,那我們要找一找題目當(dāng)中的關(guān)鍵詞了,比如說題目里邊的reading、assigned by teachers、personality像這些就屬于key words,要盡量在你的topic sentence里出現(xiàn)。比如說我的主旨句可以寫成
第一個好處:
Reading assigned by teachers can help students to enlarge their range of knowledge.
老師布置作業(yè)可以幫助學(xué)生擴(kuò)展他們的知識面。
第二個好處:
Reading arranged by teachers could be beneficial for teachers to supervise the reading task.
老師安排閱讀對老師來講可以更好地去監(jiān)督閱讀任務(wù)的完成。
大家注意一下啊,這個里邊我用了兩個詞,一個是help,一個是be beneficial for,這兩個詞呢都可以表示“好處”,所以說呢這類詞在寫利弊話題類的時候比較常用。
如果大家覺得這個句子是不是有點太簡單,我想寫成一個復(fù)合句,當(dāng)然可以。大家注意看下邊這部分啊,這部分在講的就是用一個從句方式來表達(dá)這個觀點。既然是利弊類,我又說的是好處,那很自然而然的我們就得出一個句型
The first advantage of reading assigned by teachers is that students would have a wider range of knowledge.
這個地方利用了The first advantage of sth is that... 這個句式來非常清晰地告訴考官,老師布置作業(yè)的第一個好處是擴(kuò)大知識面。同理,那第二個topic sentence就可以利用同樣的句式來寫了。前邊是“The first advantage”,那第二個怎么寫呢,很容易,可以寫
Another advantage of reading assigned by teachers is that teachers could have better supervision on the reading tasks of students.
所以說這兩個句式也可以比較固定化的表達(dá),而這種表達(dá)也不會讓人認(rèn)為是模板。因為我就是想寫好處,那自然而然的邏輯就是第一個好處是什么,第二個好處是什么。所以說這樣一寫利弊類的話題(主旨句的)句型,就基本上清晰了。
利弊類小總結(jié)
我們來做一下總結(jié),那表達(dá)好處的基本句型有哪些呢,你可以利用我們剛才第一組的topic sentence是用單句來說的,你可以把題目當(dāng)中的話題變成一個doing的短語,再加上could be helpful、could be useful、could be beneficial for后邊加上好處的對象,再加上一個to do,加上一個具體的好處是什么,這就構(gòu)成了一個主旨句的基本句型。如果你想用動詞,我不想用helpful、useful這些形容詞,你可以使用contribute to或者使用我們剛才說的那個help,都可以起到同樣表達(dá)“好處”的效果。那表達(dá)“壞處”有什么句型呢,同理,把上邊那個句子稍微改一下就行了, 還需要把題目中的話題變成一個doing的短語,再加上could be harmful for、could be detrimental for、could be undesirable for加上壞處的對象,再加上to do,加上具體的壞處是什么就可以了。如果你想使用動詞的話,可以使用lead to或者使用cause,這兩個都可以表示產(chǎn)生不良的后果。如果你想用復(fù)合句型來表達(dá)好處壞處的話,上邊那個句型就可以用了。The first advantage/disadvantage of后邊加上話題,加上is that...的從句,接上好處壞處是什么,就可以了。第二個topic sentence呢,Another advantage/disadvantage of加上話題,再加上is that...,再加上具體的好處或者壞處,這種復(fù)合型的主旨句也能寫出來了。
貼心筆記
表示有好處的基本句型有:
1 題目當(dāng)中的話題(doing)+could be helpful/useful/beneficial for +對象+to do 具體的好處 …
2 contribute to
表示有壞處的基本句型有:
1 題目當(dāng)中的話題(doing)+could be harmful/detrimental/undesirable for +對象+to do 具體的壞處 …
2 lead to/cause
表達(dá)好處/壞處的復(fù)合句型:
The first advantage/disadvantage of 話題 is that 具體的好處/壞處
Another advantage/disadvantage of 話題 is that 具體的好處/壞處
托福寫作之攻略長句子
那什么時候使用長句,什么時候使用短句?
在你要表達(dá)中心思想的時候,也就是在寫主題句的時候,建議使用短句,因為寫中心思想的時候需要在一句話當(dāng)中把你的主要觀點論述清楚,在這種情況下短句的表現(xiàn)力會更好。
在你要表達(dá)復(fù)雜概念,且這些概念存在因果、對比、時間等邏輯關(guān)系的時候,你可以使用長句,這樣能讓你一句話當(dāng)中補(bǔ)充的信息比較多,也證明你對英語句子的掌握會比較充分。
所以說,山不在高有仙則名,水不在深有龍則靈,句不在長夠用就行。
今天主要介紹三種讓句子寫得更長、更富有變化的方法。第一種,句子開頭的變化。第二種,平行結(jié)構(gòu)。第三種,分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。
句子開頭的變化
首先,句子開頭的變化目的是讓句子變得更多樣。它對句子長度的增加,并不那么明顯。
讓我們看個例子:Immediately, the police officer got out of the car and asked for my driver’s license.,immediately放在句首,可以讓句子更多樣,看起來富于變化。
再看一個例子:Farmlands, However, were less possible to be polluted because of fewer factories in the past. 那這句又把however又放在了主語的后邊,謂語動詞的前邊,組成了一個插入語也可以。像這種句首的副詞是一種變化方式。
第二,你可以用短語來開頭??催@個例子,In the arena, fans stood with their hands over their hearts and sang the National Anthem with the purpose of showing respect to their country. 大家注意看,這一個單句,但是這句話寫的也比較長,你看一下,開頭是用了一個In the arena,然后在句子的末尾加了一個介詞短語with purpose of doing something。前邊加了一個介詞短語,后邊加了一個介詞短語,那整個這句話變得就比較長了,也變得比較多樣了。所以說介詞短語,也可以讓你的句子變得多樣,且長度增加。
接下來還有一種方式,就是在句子的開頭放上一個不定式,比如說To win,或者是寫成in order to win,candidates need to convey a clear message that is not contaminated by the opposition. 前邊加了一個in order to或者是to,也可以讓句子變得多樣,且長度增加。
還有一種方式,利用現(xiàn)在分詞來開頭,比如說,Tapping the power of being seen, the Oscar nominees appeared on late-night television, morning news programs, and in glossy magazines. ,現(xiàn)在分詞tapping就可以起到讓句子開頭有變化的這種作用,但是注意,tapping出現(xiàn)ing的時候證明這個詞的主語跟后面主句的主語一致,這種情況下才可以使用ing的形式來開頭。
同樣呢,我們還可以使用過去分詞做開頭,但這種情況下要求后一句的主語要和前邊的這個分詞形成被動關(guān)系,比如說,Seen from the space, the Earth is a blue planet.,其實就是 the earth is seen from the space, the Earth is a blue planet.。所以說這種情況下注意主動和被動關(guān)系就行了。主動用ing,被動用過去分詞,也就是ed。所以說我們稍微總結(jié)一下,句子開頭變化可以句首+副詞,還可以用短語來開頭,還可以用不定式,還可以用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。
平行結(jié)構(gòu)
第二種方式,平行結(jié)構(gòu)這種方式其實非常好用,往往被大家忽視。比如說:My embarrassment stemmed not from the money lostbut from the notoriety gained.,所以說這個地方在說的時候你要想清楚,你看這句話not from...,but from...,這是不是一種平行的短語結(jié)構(gòu)啊,讓你的句子變得更加的豐富。
第二呢,She wanted her audience to remember the protest song and to understand its origin.,to remember...,and to understand...,這兩個不定式同時也構(gòu)成了一個平行的結(jié)構(gòu)。
第三句,The team members vowed that they would support each other, that they would play their best, and that they would win the tournament.,注意,這三個平行結(jié)構(gòu)是怎么構(gòu)成的呢?三個賓語從句,that...,that...,and that...,所以說這一下這個句子就能拉長。再看下邊一個例子,Whether her goals include publicizing student and faculty research or increasing research funding, she always works to improve research facilities.,注意,whether后邊加的是publicizing...or increasing...,所以說用doing的方式也可以構(gòu)成平行結(jié)構(gòu)。
在這里大家想一想,究竟什么是平行結(jié)構(gòu)呢。那這個平行結(jié)構(gòu)說的簡單點,就是用同樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來并列,形成一種關(guān)系。常見的呢,可以引導(dǎo)平行結(jié)構(gòu)的短語有:
both...and...;either...or...;neither...nor...;not only...but also...;whether...or...
這都是大家很熟悉的短語。只不過大家平時用的時候都是用名詞,both A and B,A和B都是簡單的名詞或者代詞,你沒有想想是不是可以用短語來代替這些詞,也可以加長句子的長度。
分詞結(jié)構(gòu)
第三種,就是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞結(jié)構(gòu)我們主要說分詞做后置作定語的這種方式。
比如說看例子:By contrast, people living in the cityare suffering from various diseases caused by the environmental contamination, for pollutants from factories and automobiles are continually being discharged into the air and rivers.
這句話里邊people living in the city其實就是people who live in the city,主動語態(tài)放在后邊就可以用一個doing的形式來簡化這個定語從句,后邊那個various diseases caused by...,其實就是diseases which are caused by...,所以說這種過去分詞也可以做后置定語,只要和前邊的是個被動的關(guān)系就可以了。因此,這種分詞結(jié)構(gòu)也能夠使句子變得更加豐富更加多樣,然后長度也會相應(yīng)拉長。
總結(jié)
前面我們在講解的過程當(dāng)中一直在說這個問題,你要讓你的句子多樣,要讓你的句子變長。你發(fā)現(xiàn)了嗎,變長的時候我們的主力句型是什么呢,就是從句,或者分詞,再加上一個并列句,簡單的講就是,你要寫成,when I get up, I go to school, and...,怎么怎么怎么樣。這樣一句話就可以把它拉長。在你寫從句的時候,你也可以考慮使用分詞來替換,因此呢,這就是我們讓句子變長的幾個小的技巧。
最后給大家來一個結(jié)構(gòu)非常清楚的長句例子:
Both involving in program engineering and in the after-sale service, Tom could not only sharpen his skills in his major—computer science by being elected as one of top ten programmers in the company but also he could cultivate a new skill—fluently and efficiently communicate with others by answering dozens of calls of complaints from the customers every day.(60 words)
【寫作資料】托福寫作高分必備6類花樣句型相關(guān)文章:
【寫作資料】托福寫作高分必備6類花樣句型
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