托福黃金閱讀技巧：長(zhǎng)難句分析

時(shí)間：2020-06-06 17:27:20 楚薇0由分享

　長(zhǎng)難句是我們做托福閱讀是最怕遇到的，現(xiàn)在小編分享一些長(zhǎng)難句分析給大家，希望對(duì)你們的學(xué)習(xí)有幫助。

　　長(zhǎng)難句分析：二戰(zhàn)之后的加拿大

　　Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth.

　　(倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)Basic to any understanding…is…)

　　要理解二戰(zhàn)之后20年中的加拿大，就必須了解該國(guó)驚人的人口增長(zhǎng)。

　　分句1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War

　　分句2：is

　　分句3：the country's impressive population growth

　　分句1，2，3共同構(gòu)成倒裝句，正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是3，2，1，即：該句的正常語(yǔ)序是The country's impressive population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War.

　　本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，只不過(guò)使用了倒裝，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is.

　　長(zhǎng)難句分析：昆蟲的數(shù)量

　　The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising，considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species.

　　(同位語(yǔ)從句fact that…;定語(yǔ)從句that comprise the bulk…)

　　【譯句】考慮到組成大部分物種的昆蟲的巨大數(shù)量，認(rèn)為半數(shù)的已知物種棲息在世界的雨林中這一事實(shí)看起來(lái)并不令人吃驚。

　　分句1：The fact does not seem surprising.

　　分句2：that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests

　　分句3：considering the huge numbers of insects

　　分句4：that comprise the bulk of the species

　　分句1中嵌套著分句2，分句2解釋說(shuō)明分句1的主語(yǔ)the fact, 是同位語(yǔ)從句;分句3是主句的狀語(yǔ)，分句4是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾分句3的the huge numbers of insects

　　長(zhǎng)難句分析：巖石上的水滴

　　If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held. (TPO 1 Groundwater)

　　托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句句子分析本句由but引起了前后兩個(gè)分句，其中都有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示兩種假設(shè)的情況。讀懂這種復(fù)合句的關(guān)鍵是要迅速找到并理解其主句的謂語(yǔ)部分。本句主句的謂語(yǔ)部分有will exist , will drain away和will exist , will be firmly held。此外，兩個(gè)分句里都有大家所熟悉的too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)，這里都作后置定語(yǔ)，起修飾作用，意思是“太……以至于不能……”。

　　詞匯精記 ? pores指的是“孔隙”，這里說(shuō)的是“巖石的孔隙”。

　　? surface tension指的是“表面張力”。

　　? film在這里顯然不是“電影”，表示“薄膜”，比如：a film of oil on the surface of the water 水面上的一層油。另外，film還有“膠卷”的意思，比如：develop a film 沖洗膠卷。注意film還可以作動(dòng)詞，表示“拍攝”，比如：The explosion had been filmed by an amateur cameraman. 這次爆炸被一位業(yè)余攝影師拍攝了下來(lái)。

　　托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句參考譯文如果巖石的孔隙很大，其中的水會(huì)形成水滴，而這樣的水滴太重而足以克服吸引它的表面張力，就會(huì)流走;但是如果巖石孔隙足夠小，其中的水會(huì)形成薄膜，因?yàn)樘p而無(wú)法克服吸引它的表面張力，從而會(huì)牢牢地附著在孔隙表面上。

　　長(zhǎng)難句分析：創(chuàng)造雅典民主

　　Cleisthenes' principal contribution to the creation of democracy at Athens was to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures, especially among the aristocrats, and to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes, which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. (TPO40, 51)

　　democracy /d?'m?kr?s?/ n. 民主，民主政治，民主制度

　　clan /kl?n/ n. 宗族，家族;集團(tuán)，幫會(huì)

　　aristocrat /'?r?st?kr?t/ n. 貴族

　　civic /'s?v?k/ adj. 城市的;市民的，公民的

　　大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解

　　Cleisthenes' principal contribution (to the creation of democracy at Athens) was (to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures), (especially among the aristocrats), and (to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes), (which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. ) (TPO40, 51)

　　托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句分析：

　　這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是：

　　Cleisthenes' principal contribution was 非謂語(yǔ) and 非謂語(yǔ)

　　第一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)：(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures)

　　第二個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)：(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes)

　　修飾一：(to the creation of democracy at Athens)，介詞短語(yǔ)

　　中文：在雅典創(chuàng)造民主

　　修飾二：(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures) ，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　中文：完成了減弱家族和宗族結(jié)構(gòu)的長(zhǎng)期過(guò)程

　　修飾三：(especially among the aristocrats) ，介詞短語(yǔ)

　　中文：尤其是在貴族間

　　修飾四：(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes) ，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　中文：在他們所在地方設(shè)置基于地點(diǎn)的稱之為demes團(tuán)體

　　修飾五：(which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. ) ，從句

　　中文：這成為了雅典所有公民和大多數(shù)宗教生活的入口點(diǎn)。

　　托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句參考翻譯：

　　Cleisthenes對(duì)于創(chuàng)造雅典民主的主要貢獻(xiàn)是他完成了減弱家族和宗族結(jié)構(gòu)(尤其是貴族家族和宗族結(jié)構(gòu))的長(zhǎng)期的過(guò)程，并且在他們所在地方設(shè)置基于地點(diǎn)的稱之為demes團(tuán)體，這成為了雅典所有公民和大多數(shù)宗教生活的入口點(diǎn)。

　　這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是從句、介詞短語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　長(zhǎng)難句分析：動(dòng)物生存能力

　　長(zhǎng)難句分析：動(dòng)物生存能力

　　If it were not for this faculty, they would devour all the food available in short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.

　　(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)

　　【譯句】如果不是具有這種能力，它們就會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)吞掉所有能得到的食物，而且很可能會(huì)因餓死而滅絕。

　　分句1. If it were not for this faculty

　　分句2. they would devour all the food available in short time

　　分句3. would probably starve themselves out of existence

　　分句1 是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句

　　分句2、3是并列關(guān)系，并且是主句。

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